Критерии химического равновесия. Термодинамические

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dS > Q/T
Q – TdS <0
(6.1)
(6.2)
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Q = dU + pdV
(6.3)
(6.3)
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(6.3)
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(6.2)
dU + pdV– TdS <0
(6.4)
(6.4)
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(dU)S,V <0
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(6.1)
dS > 0
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(6.6)
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(6.4)
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(dU– TdS)V <0
(6.7)
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(6.7)
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d(U – TS)V, <0
(6.8)
(U – TS)
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A=U – TS
(6.8)
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(6.9)
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(6.4)
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dU + pdV– TdS= d(U + pV– TS)
<0
(6.10)
U + pV– TS
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(6.10)
G = U + pV– TS; (dG)
<0
(6.11)
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(dS)V,U > 0
(dU)V,S < 0
(dA)V,T < 0
(dG)p,S < 0
(dS)V,U = 0
(dU)V,S = 0
(dA)V,T = 0
(dG)p,S = 0
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dG = dU + pdV+Vdp – TdS - SdT
(6.12)
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dG = dU + pdV- TdS
(6.13)
(6.13)
dU = Q + W
dG = Q + W + pdV- TdS
Q
(6.14)
(6.15)
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Q= TdS
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(6.16)
W= W
(6.17)
(6.15)
- dG = - W
- pdV
(6.18)
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dG < W
+ pdV;
Q<TdS ,
(6.15)
- dG > - W
- pdV
(6.19)
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(6.19)
W
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A=U -TS,
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G = U + pV –TS,
dG = dA + pdV
(6.20)
- dA =- W
(6.21)
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A = U – TS
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(6.22)
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(max
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(6.23)
TS
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G = U + pV – TS
(6.24)
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dG = dU +pdV – TdS = dH – TdS
(6.25)
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G= H-T S
(6.26)
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T S
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T S.
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H - TS
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H - TS
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dU = TdS – pdV
(6.27)
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H = U + pV
(6.28)
dH = dU + pdV +Vdp = TdS – pdV +pdV + Vdp = TdS + Vdp
dH = TdS + Vdp
(6.29)
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A = -TS + U
(6.30)
dA = -TdS – SdT + dU = -TdS – SdT + TdS – pdV = -SdT –pdV
dA= -SdT –pdV
G = U +pV – TS
(6.31)
(6.32)
dG = dU +pdV – TdS +Vdp – SdT = TdS – pdV + pdV – TdS +Vdp – SdT
dG = – SdT + Vdp
(6.33)
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(6.27), (6.29), (6.31), (6.33)
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U, p, V, S
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H, A, G
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A
T
S
A U
(6.35)
H
(6.37)
TS U
G
T
S
G
....(6.34)
V
TS
T
A
T
....(6.35)
V
....(6.36)
p
H
T
G
T
....(6.37)
p
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A
G
U
A
T
T
H
T
G
T
....(6.38)
V
....(6.39)
p
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(6.34)
A
T
S
;...... S
V
G
T
(6.36)
.....(6.40)
p
–
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A
U
T S ....(6.41)
G
H
T S ....(6.42)
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