Загрузил Daniil Omanboev

Основы нефтегазопромыслового дела

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Fundamentals of oil and gas industry
A well is a cylindrical mine, constructed without human access to it and having a
diameter many times smaller than its length.
Well drilling is the process ofconstructing a well by destroying rocks.
Drilling Well Elements:
• the upper part of the well is the mouth (1);
• bottom - face (2);
• side surface - wall (3);
• the space bounded by the wall is theborehole (5)
• casing columns (6)
• rock formation (7).
The length of the well is the distance from the
mouth to the bottom along the axis of the trunk
(4).
The depth of the well is the projection of
thelength on the vertical axis.
Core
Wells are deepened, destroying the rock over the
entire face area (solid face, a) or along its
peripheral part (ring face, b).
When drilling with an annular face, a core rock
column remains in the center of the well, which
is periodically raised to the surface fordirect
study.
Diagram of a well drilled with a solid (a) and
an annular face (b)
Classification of wells by purpose
• Exploration – to identify productive formations, study the size and
structure of the deposit, and the like.
• Operational – for oil, gas and gas condensate production.
• Injection - for pumping water (less often air, gas) into productive
horizons in order to maintain reservoir pressure.
• Observational - to control the development of deposits.
• Prospecting – for the discovery of new industrial deposits of oil
and gas.
• Reference wells are laid in areas unexplored by drilling, serve to
study the composition and age of the composing rocks.
• Parametric – to study the geological structure of a little-known
area and the prospects of its oil and gas potential.
• Structural – to identify promising areas and prepare them for
exploratory drilling.
Well construction cycle
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
preparatory work;
installation of the tower and equipment;
preparation for drilling;
drilling process;
opening of the reservoir and testing for the inflow of oil and gas.
Drilling methods
Mechanical:
• rotational methods
(роторное, турбинное,
реактивно-турбинное
бурение и бурение с
использованием
электробура
и
винтовых забойных
двигателей);
• shock methods.
Non - mechanical:
•
•
•
•
•
thermal;
electric;
explosive;
hydraulic;
etc.
Drilling depth
small
up to 1500 m
to medium depths
up to 4500 m
deep
ultra - deep
up to 6000 m
deeper than 6000 m
For your information …
• The initial diameter of oil and gas wells usually does not exceed
900 mm, and the final diameter is rarely less than 165 mm.
• The depths of oil and gas wells vary within a fewthousand meters.
• The deepest well in the world was drilled on the Kola Peninsula in
1994 (Kola ultra-deep well). Its depth is over 12 kilometers.
• In 2007, Sakhalin oilmen broke the world record for drilling the
longest inclined oil well: in 61 days they drilled a well with a diameter
of 215 mm, which went under the bottom of the Sea of Okhotsk by
11,282 m.
Well construction
Fountain fittings
ПВО
Column head
Conductor
Operational column
Caverns
The borehole
Zone
productive
formation
Slaughter
Perforation zone
The drilling process includes a number of
operations:
• The descent of drill pipes with a
destructive tool into the well.
• Destruction of the rock face.
• Extraction of the destroyed rock from
thewell.
• Lifting drill pipes from thewell to
change the working destructive tool.
• Strengthening the walls of the well
when determining a certain depth with
casing pipes, followed by cementing
the spacebetween the wall of the well
and the deflated pipes (separation of
layers).
Drilling rig
• drilling equipment (hoisting mechanism, pumps, drilling winch,
swivel, rotor, power drive, etc.);
• drilling structures (derrick, foundations, etc.);
• equipment for mechanization of labor-intensive work
(mechanisms for automation of descent and lifting operations,
automatic drilling wrench, remote control of drilling processes, control
posts);
• equipment for preparation, cleaning and regeneration of drilling
mud (preparation unit, vibrating screen, sand and silt separators,
containers for chemicals, water and drilling mud);
• manifold (discharge line in block design, throttle-shut-off devices);
• devices for heating drilling rig blocks.
Drilling in winter
Drilling rig
On the drilling rig: lead pipe, control panel
Bush wells
Cluster drilling is the construction of
groups of wells from a common base of a
limited area on which the drilling rig and
equipment are located.
It is produced
convenient sites for
reduce the time and
distance between the
than 3 m.
in the absence of
drilling rigs and to
cost of drilling. The
wellheads is not less
Power transmission lines, bush wells
Drilling rigs
Single - support tower
Two - support(A-shaped) tower
Tower type tower
Drilling rigs in offshore territories
A self-lifting drilling platform is a floating pontoon with a cutout, above which there
is a drilling rig with drilling and auxiliary equipment, a multi-storey cabin with cabins for
crew and workers, a power plant and warehouses. Multi-meter columns-supports are
installed at the corners of the platform.
Semi-submersible drilling platforms are used at depths of 300 - 600 m. They do not
rest on the seabed, but float above the drilling site on huge pontoons.
Gravity-type drilling platforms are equipped with a powerful concrete base resting
on the seabed.
Thank you for your attention!
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