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Практика устной и письменной речи, темы

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1) At the theatre 2) Last visit to the theatre
Theater differs from other kinds of art in that it has its own
peculiarities. Here center of all that happens is an actor. An actor
expresses the dramatic nature of the performance. It is necessary
to show to the audience what essential problems we have in our
life. Because of that I like to go to the theater. And I will never
forget my first visit. My family and I wanted to see “Master and
Margarita” by Michael Bulgakov. The play was pretty good, but
some actors didn’t fit the description presented in the book. From
the first minute I was deeply impressed by everything. The
costumes were highly effective. When the curtain fell at the end
of performance, there came a storm of applause.
Nowadays teenagers don’t like to go to the theater, because
theatre in their eyes is elitist, whilst they may not use this
terminology in their everyday language their reasons for not
attending theatre lies with this word and perspective. Theatre is
ultimately elitist because it is expensive. Young people do not
have vast amounts of money, they are in education, they might
have a small part time job or in most cases rely upon their
parents for a monthly allowance.
3) London theatres
Theater differs from other kinds of art in that it has its own
peculiarities. Here center of all that happens is an actor. An actor
expresses the dramatic nature of the performance. It is necessary
to show to the audience what essential problems we have in our
life. SO that we have many theaters in our world. And I would like
to tell about theatres in London. Many of theaters have colorful
histories. The interiors are often highly decorated with painting
ceilings and wooden carvings. The most famous theater of all is
Theater Royal. The Globe theater is a famous theater which built
in 1599 on the south bank of river Thames. In this theater
Shakespeare’s greatest play was firstly performed. It was burnt in
1613 and rebuilt in 1614. The National Theater has three separate
theatres under one roof in this building by Waterloo Bridge: the
Oliver, the Lyttleton and the Cottesloe. The largest auditorium,
the Olive theater, is named in honour of Laurence Oliver. The
National Theater stages both classical and modern plays. The
Royal Opera House is situated near the former site of the Covent
Garden Market in central London. The theatre presents
spectacular productions with international house.
To sum it up I should say that the richly varied world of London’s
theatreland includes the bright light of West End as well as the
studios and ceilars of the fringe. You can find whatever you taste
in theater.
4) Theatres in Minsk
A cultural life is highly developed in Belarus, especially in Minsk.
Theatres in Minsk are differ from one another. And each of them
has its own history, style, atmosphere.
The most famous theaters in Minsk are the Opera and Ballet
House, the Yanka Kupala theater and the Gorky Russian Drama
Theatre.
The Opera and Ballet House was founded in Belarus in 1933 on
the basis of the Belarussian opera and ballet school. During
several years the troupe had been growing and was increased
by several high professionals and soloists.
The Yanka Kupala theater is the oldest theater in Belarus. It was
founded in September 1920. It’s repertoire includes about 25
performances. The theatre speaks to the audience in the
Belarussian language, it expresses thoughts and feelings of the
nation though the works of its literature.
National Academic Drama Theatre includes 28 performances.
The theater has its own artistic appearance. This theater is one of
the centers of theatrical art, an integral part of cultural life of the
country.
Theatres in Minsk are rather various and they continue to thieve,
because Belarussian nation are theatrical nation.
5) Last visit to the cinema 6) Film review
Cinema plays an important role in the life of any society. It is an
available popular form of art. Lots of people find going to the
cinema one of the best ways of spending their leisure time. The
movie audience is predominantly a young one.
Due to numerous video facilities, cinema attendances have
declined sharply. But there is no denying the fact that the
cinema-going habit is still a strong one.
No matter how large the place you live in is (whether it's a big
city or a small provincial town, or even a settlement) there's most
likely to be a cinema there.
As for me, I'm fond of going to the cinema. It's a pity, I don't
always have time for it. It's an open secret that we live in a very
difficult time now. But people do need something amusing and
pleasant, something to laugh at. That's why I give my preference
to comedies.
The last time I was on film “Christmas trees”. This film is about five
small stories.
In The Brothers, the inseparable friends, Borya and Zhenya, will
once again be on the verge of breaking up, because Zhenya is
going to return to Yakutsk. The skier and snowboarder turned the
whole city over for the sake of the smile of one beauty in the
short story “Restaurant of quick acquaintance”. “The Station for
Three” will tell the story of a simple girl from Voronezh who went in
pursuit of her happiness - the capital actor Komarovsky, and in
the novel “Bad Grandpa” the Snow Maiden will go to save a
lonely, but very grumbling grandpa
7) My favourite actor
Who is a great actor? An actor who must be convincing in his
role and accurately portray elements such as time and emotion
to the audience. To be a successful in front of the camera or on
stage, one must possess certain skills. The qualities needed to be
a great actor: 1. Is Captivating: A great actor is so convincing in
a role that he can hold an audience captive and make them
feel as if there is nothing but the story at hand. 2. Has a True
Commitment: A great actor is committed to becoming the best
actor he can be, as well as to working hard and preserving
through rejection to find the best roles. 3. Shows Confidence: A
great actor is confident in his work and portrays that confidence
both during a performance as well as in public to help create a
rapport with the public. 4. Has Insight: A great actor has keen
insight into human behavior and can effectively convey the
emotion that influences one's actions. 5. Is Able to Use His/Her
Intelligence for Role Creation: A great actor uses intelligence to
research roles and impart that knowledge into their acting to
develop more convincing attributes of the character. Great
actors generally also have excellent reading and interpretation
skills. My favorite who I like and admire is Jonny Depp. John
Christopher Depp II (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor,
producer, and musician. He has been nominated for three
Academy Awards and has won the Golden Globe and Screen
Actors Guild Awards for Best Actor. Depp rose to prominence on
the 1980s television series 21 Jump Street, becoming a teen idol.
Depp is regarded as one of the world's biggest film stars.
8) Ecological problems (Greenhouse effect, ozone depletion,
global warming)
Pollution is one of the world’s biggest environmental problems,
as it tends to be a typical byproduct of modern life.
Greenhouse Effect is the process by which radiation from a
planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a
temperature above what it would be without its atmosphere. By
burning fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, we increase the level of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. A greenhouse is a glass house in which
plants grow. The glass lets light in and at the same time keeps heat from getting out.
This heat keeps the plants warm, even when it is cold outside. The same happens to
the Earth's atmosphere. It lets sunlight in and keeps carbon dioxide and other gases
from getting out. We need these gases but too much of them trap more heat.
Ozone depletion. Ozone is a colorless gas that contains the
same atoms as oxygen. Although it makes up less than a million
of the atmosphere, it forms a protective shield around the earth
that is vital to many forms of life. Some countries have banned
the use of ozone-layer-damaging chemicals.
Global warming is a long-term rise in the average temperature
of the Earth's climate system, an aspect of climate changeshown
by temperature measurements and by multiple effects of the
warming. Scientists made an alarming discovery in the 1980s. They found out that
the average temperature of the Earth's surface was slowly rising. Today we know that
global warming is increasing because more and more gases get into the atmosphere.
9) Pollution and its aftermath. (Air pollution, water pollution,
endangered species) 10) Global environmental problems
Nowadays nature of the earth is strongly influenced by people.
Environmental pollution is one of the biggest problem in the
world. There are a lot of different types of pollution: air pollution,
noise pollution, soil pollution, water pollution. Millions of people
nowadays in the areas where the air is extremely polluted and
dangerous to be breathed. Needless to say, that in most cases
air pollution is causes by people. Numerous factories every day
release into the atmosphere tons of chemicals and even heavy
metals. This not only effects the atmosphere, but influences
man’s health as well. As a result, people suffer from astma,
caught and lung diseases. We use water every day and we
don’t live without it. We drink water, wash everything with it and
produce many goods on the base of water. In addition, other
inhabitants of our planet need it not less than we do. Animals
and plants drink it as well and some of them also live in the
water. However, the water has been polluted disastrously. Seas,
oceans, rivers and lakes have become a place into which
factories pour poisonous chemicals and waste. After that water
becomes polluted and dangerous to live in it. Polluted soil is the
low quality soil by various actions of man and natural processes
which make soil unfit for the crop product. Main causes of soil
pollution are forest fires, use of chemicals fertilizers to improve
crop production.
Noise may not seem as harmful as contamination of air or water,
but it is a pollution problem that affects human health and can
contribute to a general deterioration of environmental quality.
11) The Chernobyl catastrophe
On April 26, 1986, the worst nuclear accident in history took
place at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant near Pripyat,
Ukraine. A large cloud of poisonous radioactive elements was
released into the air when one of the plant’s nuclear reactors
exploded and started a huge fire. The plant was only 2 miles
away from Pripyat never to return. Today, it is a ghost town that is
being taken over by surrounding forests. Another 85,000 people
living within 18 miles of Chernobyl were relocated in the next
month. Over the years, as many as 350.000 people have left their
homes due to high radiation levels. Over 55,000 square miles
were contaminated, but 70% of the radiation settled on nearby
Belarus Some scientists estimate that more than 200,000 people
have died since 1986 as a result of the accident, and another
100,000 deaths from cancer may occur in the coming years.
Others think that these numbers are much smaller. Over 5 million
people still live in contaminated areas, and their health may be
at risk from eating contaminated food, such as fish from the
rivers, mushrooms and berries from the forests, and meat or milk
from cattle and sheep that graze on the land. Several European
countries will not accept food products grown in these areas.
Many workers have moved away, and life is difficult for those left
behind. Some even believe that the accident contributed to the
collapse of the Soviet Union. One positive outcome is that the
safety of nuclear power plants has vastly improved since the
accident. However, the safety of nuclear plants around the
world still varies, depending on what safeguards and codes
countries have implemented.
12) International ecological organizations
Environmental protection is of a universal concern. Some
progress has been already made in this direction. As many as 159
countries — members of the UNO — have set up environmental
protection agencies. There are many organizations in the world,
which work and cooperate together in dealing with international
problems. Some of them are official, the other are public. Among
them are the United Nations Organization, The Red Cross
League, Greenpeace and many others. Let's take, for example,
the United Nations. It is an organization to which nearly all the
countries of the world belong. It's headquarters are situated in
New York. Its central aim is to maintain peace and security in the
world, to develop friendly relations among nations. Greenpeace
is an international organization, which deals with ecological and
environmental problems. It was formed in 1971. Now it is a
powerful organization, which works all over the word. There are
many serious actions in the list of Greenpeace activities. The
national offices exist in 27 countries of the world. In Russia
Greenpeace was formed in 1992. It works here on four directions:
Wood Campaign, Antinuclear Campaign, and Campaign for
preservation Lake Baikal. Greenpeace tries to attract public
attention to different problems in the world and find out who is
guilty. It is financed by personal voluntary donations of its
supporters. One more organization I'd like to speak about is the
World Wildlife Fund. It was formed in 1961 by a small group of
people. Now it is a large organization. The aim of it is to sake
animals and plants of the world. As for me, I'd like to join
Greenpeace organization. I am extremely concerned in
ecological problems in our country, especially in our region. It is
very important what water we drink, what food we eat. Besides,
it is the place where I live. We must save our land for future
generations.
13) Greenpeace
Greenpeace is an international organization, which deals with
ecological and environmental problems. It was formed in 1971.
Now it is a powerful organization, which works all over the word.
There are many serious actions in the list of Greenpeace
activities. The national offices exist in 27 countries of the world. In
Russia Greenpeace was formed in 1992. It works here on four
directions: Wood Campaign, Antinuclear Campaign, and
Campaign for preservation Lake Baikal. Greenpeace tries to
attract public attention to different problems in the world and
find out who is guilty. It is financed by personal voluntary
donations of its supporters. One more organization I'd like to
speak about is the World Wildlife Fund. It was formed in 1961 by a
small group of people. Now it is a large organization. The aim of it
is to sake animals and plants of the world. It has raised over 35
million pounds for conversation projects and given support to
National parks in five continents. As for me, I'd like to join
Greenpeace organization. I am extremely concerned in
ecological problems in our country, especially in our region. It is
very important what water we drink, what food we eat. Besides,
it is the place where I live. We must save our land for future
generations.
14) Most common diseases
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well
being. For a healthy life cycle, a person needs to have a
balanced diet and has to regularly exercise. One must also live in
a proper shelter, take enough sleep and have good hygiene
habits.The health of all organisms depends on their surrounding
or their environment. llergy occurs when a person's immune
system reacts to substances in the environment that are harmless
for most people. These substances are known as allergens and
are found in dust mites, pets, ticks, moulds, foods and some
medicines. The most common allergens:
* Pollen from trees, grass, weeds (allergies that occur in the
spring) * Animal dander (proteins, that are found in the skin and
saliva of furry pets such as especially cats and dogs)
A cough may be acute, subacute, or chronic depending on
how long it lasts. Acute coughs last less than three weeks and
usually are caused by the common cold or other infections such
as sinusitis or pneumonia. Subacute coughs last three to eight
weeks and remain after the initial cold or respiratory infection is
over. Chronic coughs last more than eight weeks and can be
caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
AIDS is a sickness that attacks the body's natural system against
disease. AIDS itself doesn't kill, but because the body's defense
system is damaged, the patient has a reduced ability to fight off
many other diseases, including flu or the common cold. It has
been reported that about 10 million people worldwide may
have been infected by the virus that causes AIDS. It is estimated
that about 350 thousand people have the disease and that
another million (!) may get it within the next five years. So far
there is no cure for AIDS. The AIDS virus can be passed on
sexually or by sharing needles used to inject drugs. It also can be
passed in blood products or from a pregnant woman with AIDS
to her baby.
15) At the doctor`s 16) How I`ve been taken ill
Is there anything more important than health? I don't think so.
"Health is the greatest wealth," wise people say. You can't be
good at your studies or work well when you are ill.
If you have a headache, heartache, toothache, backache,
earache or bad pain in the stomach, if you complain of a sore
throat or a bad cough, if you run a high temperature and have a
bad cold in your head, or if you suffer from high or low blood
pressure, I think you should consult a doctor. The doctor will
examine your throat, feel your pulse, test your blood pressure,
take your temperature, sound your heart and lungs, test your
eyes, check your teeth or have your chest X-rayed. After that he
will prescribe some treatment, pills, tablets or some other
medicine which we can buy at the chemist's. He will recommend
you to stay in bed for some time, because there might be serious
complications. The only thing you have to do is to follow his
recommendations.When a patient is completely cured, he is
discharged from the hospital. There are different departments in
the hospital. They are: a surgical department, therapy, and the
department of infectious diseases. I can't say I get sick often.
When I was a kid, I had a sore throat every spring.One day I
woke up in the morning and could not walk to the bath because
I felt terrible, I had a high temperature and a strong runny nose.
My mom said to stay home and stay in bed until the doctor
arrives.She made me hot coffee and brought me pills. The
doctor measured the temperature and pressure and prescribed
the necessary medications. I followed the recommendations
and soon returned to College
18) At the dentist’s
At the dentist's office all the necessary instruments-dental mirrors,
pliers, explorers, excavators, forceps-are sterilized and ready for
use. When a patient enters the room, he is comfortably seated in
the dental chair and the dentist asks what is troubling him.
If a patient complains of a mild toothache the dentist asks him
to open the mouth, takes the dental mirror and an explorer and
begins probing for cavities. When there is a cavity in the tooth it
means the tooth is carious. Then, the specialist removers the
debris and the decaying dentine with an excavator, cleans and
forms the cavity with the drilling machine using special drills. If the
cavity is not large, the tooth can be stopped with a permanent
filling. If a patient suffers from acute toothache and severe pain
irradiates to his right eye, the temple and the ear, the pulp has to
be devitalized and extirpated. Then, the dentist may act in two
different ways. Either he puts some arsenic paste on an opened
pulp and stops the tooth with a temporary filling. In this case the
patient has to visit the doctor in two days to complete the
treatment. Or the dentist can give the patient an anaesthetic
injection, carry out ail the necessary procedures and stop the
teeth with the permanent filling. This method is convenient, but
rather expensive too.
In all cases the patient is recommended to clean his teeth twice
a day, to avoid certain food, to rinse his mouth after every meal,
to visit a dentist once a year. If a person follows these rules of
mouth hygiene he'll have his teeth intact
17) Annual medical examination
Certain headaches, muscle pains or simple flu are often
neglected especially if you are too busy dealing with more
important things in life. However, experts say that these petty
things could be indications of a more serious health condition.
Thus, an annual medical examination is necessary. The general
medical examination is a common form of preventive medicine
involving visits to a general practitioner by well feeling adults on a
regular basis. This is generally yearly or less frequently. It is known
under various non-specific names, such as the periodic health
evaluation, annual physical, comprehensive medical exam,
general health check, preventive health examination, medical
check-up, or simply medical.
The term is generally not meant to include visits for the purpose of
newborn checks, Pap smears for cervical cancer, or regular visits
for people with certain chronic medical disorders (for example,
diabetes).The general medical examination generally involves a
medical history, a (brief or complete) physical examination and
sometimes laboratory tests. Some more advanced tests include
ultrasound and mammography.
If necessary, the patient may be sent to a medical specialist for
further, more detailed examinations.further, more detailed
examinations.
19) At the hospital
Hospitals are one of the most important pillars of any society.
They are the physical execution of an important part of the
infrastructure of a nation: healthcare. Hospitals play an important
role in people’s lives; with the great pollution levels and changing
lifestyles, more and more people are failing prey to diseases and
requiring adequate medical care.
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment
with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical
equipment. In our country the hospital is a single building or a
number of buildings on a campus.
It has ambulance service and trauma center. Hospital include a
dispensary or pharmacy, pathology, and radiology, and on the
non-medical side, there often are medical records departments
and/or a release of information department.
Hospitals usually distinguished from other types of medical
facilities. For example from policlinic. Policlinic generally provide
only outpatient services. If a person fall ill, they will ring up their
local policlinic and call in a doctor. At the local policlinic patient
has their own patient’s card which is filled in by the physician.
Everything about the patient – the diagnosis, the changes in the
patient’s condition after the treatment- are written down in the
card. If it is necessary, a nurse will come to the patient’s house to
give him or her injections or carry out any of doctor’s
administrations. All our people receive the treatment free of
charge.
20) First aid
First aid is the help that you give someone quickly after they
have hurt themselves or have had an accident . It can stop a
person from becoming more ill. In some cases, it can even save
a person’s life. Only someone who knows first aid well should try
to treat an injured or sick person. Usually, you give first aid until a
doctor or an ambulance arrives. Never try to give someone first
aid unless you know what to do. The wrong actions can do more
harm than good. Sometimes you cannot wait until help arrives.
You must begin helping a person at once, especially if the victim
is bleeding strongly, has been poisoned or if breathing has
stopped. Even if you wait for a short time this can be fatal . Here
are some important rules forimmediate help • Do not move a
person who may have a broken bone , internal injuries or an
injured spine unless you really have to. • If the victim is lying
down, keep the person in that position. Do not allow them to
walk or stand up. • Never give food or liquid to a person who
may need an operation. Never give water to a person who is
unconscious . It is a good idea to have a kit with first aid supplies
at home or in your car when you travel. It should include
bandages , tissue , something to write on, a flashlight , scissors ,
safety pins , a spray or a lotion that kills germs . Always have a
blanket ready to cover a person.
21) Illnesses provoked by the ecological conditions
Illnesses and conditions caused by factors in the environment
are collectively called environmental diseases. Pesticides,
chemicals, radiation, air pollution, and water pollution, are
some of the manmade hazards that are believed to
contribute to human illnesses. Potential illness-causing agents
are everywhere: at home, at work, and at play. However, the
likelihood of an individual developing a specific disease
depends on the hazards present in their particular
environment and their genetic susceptibility to a specific
hazard. For example, x-ray technicians are at risk for radiationinduced illnesses, whereas coal miners are prone to lung
diseases caused by inhalation of dust. Proper use of
safeguards can prevent these and other environmental
diseases. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and
social well being. For a healthy life cycle, a person needs to
have a balanced diet and has to regularly exercise. One must
also live in a proper shelter, take enough sleep and have
good hygiene habits. The health of all organisms depends on
their surrounding or their environment. We need to be happy
in order to be truly healthy. Regular medical checkups are
important, however, many of us do not realise how beneficial
checking in with the doctor can be. Spending a little time,
every 12 months, checking your health could save you a lot of
pain. Many diseases, such as high blood pressure or diabetes,
do not have obvious symptoms at first; other diseases (i.e.
cancer) may only produce common flu like symptoms in early
stages. It has been said ‘prevention is better than cure’ and
when it comes to your health this saying rings loud and true
22) Maladies of the XXI century 23) Social maladies
We entered the 21st century with such maladies as heart and
vascular system diseases, environmental diseases, cancer, AIDS
(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). The risk factors
causing these diseases are poor environment (especially after
Chernobyl disaster), constant stress and bad habits. We witness
more and more cases when people suffer from such
environmental diseases as food allergies, chronic fatigue
syndrome, asthma, thyroid gland. They all have a huge impact
on the quality of life, darken our prospects for future. Alcohol,
drugs, smoking, AIDS have also become the reality of our life,
especially among young and middle-aged people. Smoking is
very dangerous. Most young people smoke because their friends
pressure them to do so. They may be copying their parents who
smoke, or other adults they respect. Smoking is now banned in
many places so that other people don't have to breathe in
smokers' shocking tobacco smoke.Passive smoking, when you
are breathing someone else smoke, can damage your health
just like smoking can. Smoking becomes addictive very quickly,
and it's one of the hardest habits to break. Cigarette smoke also
contains tar - a major factor for causing cancer. Another poison
of many young people is alcohol. It can make you sick, and you
can become addicted to it. It's a very common form of drug
abuse among teenagers. Don't let anyone at a party pressure
you into drinking if you don't want to, especially if you're legally
under age because it is weakens our sense and clouds our
judgment. Once inside the body it passes through the
bloodstream to the liver, where poisons are digested. When
alcohol reaches your brain, you may immediately feel more
relaxed and light-hearted. You may feel you can do crazy things.
But after two or three drinks, your actions are clumsy and your
speech is slurred.
24) Artistic genres
Art is an embracing notion (music, painting, theatre, literature
and so on). Art had the most important role in the development
of the mankind. The first were found on walls of ancient caves. So
we can guess that painting was the first way of art. Painting is the
most understandable way of art, because it gives us the most full
and vivid impression, helps people to understand outside world
and each other. Art develops our good qualities. Art has a great
educational significance. Art brings people up – makes them
more humane and kind. Nowadays we have many genres of art
as romanticism, classicism, cubism, realism, impressionism,
surrealism and others. And I would like to tell about some of my
favorite genres of art. Romanticism began in the late 18 century
as a reaction against the rules and nouns of classicism and
ended in the middle of 19 century. The romantic style is full of
imagination, wild natural beauty, emotions and feelings which
are portrayed in a mysterious and dramatic manner. Romantic
artists often use melancholic themes and dramatic tradegy.
Impressionism originated in France at the end of the 19 century.
Impressionists broke from traditional European painting
techniques. They created paintings that were suddenly different
in how they looked because they used paint in small touches of
unmixed primary colors rather than broad mixed brush strokes.
Surrealism is a style in art in which ideas, images and objects are
combined in a strange way like in a dream. This art movement
was dedicated to expressing the imaginations in a method that
was free from control, convention and reason. Unusual and
fantastic images from subconscious mind are represented
without any attempt to make them logically comprehensible.
The aim of the movement was an attempt to discover superreality by interpreting dream and reality together.
25) British pictorial art.
Art is an embracing notion (music, painting, theatre, literature
and so on). Art had the most important role in the development
of the mankind. The first were found on walls of ancient caves. So
we can guess that painting was the first way of art. Painting is the
most understandable way of art, because it gives us the most full
and vivid impression.
Art helps people to understand outside world and each other.
Art develops our good qualities. Art has a great educational
significance. Art brings people up – makes them more humane
and kind.
Painting in England in the 17-19 th centuries is represented by a
number of great artists and during that period it was greatly
influenced by foreign painters. The Flemish painter Van Dyck was
a really the father of English portrait school. Van Dyck created
the impressive, formal type of portrait and such masters as
Reynolds and Gainsborough owed much to their study of his
works. He created a genre of aristocratic and intellectual portrait
which influenced much the development of English painting.
Thomas Gainsborough one of the greatest masters of the English
school, was a portraitist and a landscape painter. His portraits are
painted in clear tones. Blue and green are predominated colors.
One of the mostr famous works is the portrait of the Duchess of
Beufort. He was the first English artist to pain his native countryside
so sincerely.
Joseph Turner was an outstanding painter whose most favorite
topic was to paint sea. He painted waves and storms, clouds
and mists with a great skill. Although his talent was recognized
immediately he deliberately turned his back to the glittering
social world of London.
26) Belarusian fine arts.
Belarusian artists have made an enormous contribution to the
development of Slav culture. In the 12-18 th centuries the most
popular genres of the fine arts in Belarus were frescos, icon,
portrait painting. The 16 th century portraits created in Belarus
were influenced by the Italian and German Renaissance. Secular
painting in Belarus took the form mainly of portraiture, much of
which was anonymous before the 18 th century. An important
role in the formation of young artists in Belarus was played by the
opening of Art schools in Vitebsk and Minsk. A lot of water colors
were lost during the war. In war-time the topics of the day were
the focus of all art. The water colors of those days are
permeated with excitement and people’s unbending spirit and
readiness to fight against the invaders. The artists tried to come in
closer contact with the heroes, to mingle with the subjects and
contemporary life. Water-color landscapes are particular
phenomenon in Belarussian art. Here we should mention Tsvirko,
one of the leading Belarussian artist. His pictures to life. The most
famous Belarussian artists are Mark Chagall, Ivan Fomich
Khrutsky, Napoleon Orda, Leonid Shchemilyov. Mark Chagall was
born on July 7, 1887 in Vitebsk. Mark took the violin and singing
lessons, began to draw and spoke Russian rather than Yiddish. In
the winter of 1906 he moved to the St.Petersburg for a thorough
artistic training in the cultural heart of Russia. At the time he
became acquainted with Bella Rosenfield. Many of his painting
were dedicated to her. Russian artists were better received in
Paris then in their own country. That is why the only place for
Mark Chagall to go was Paris. His work was called “Surreal”. In
1914 the painter got a chance to show his pictures to the world.
His major solo exhibition was arranged in Berlin. For the next 25
years lived in France and America. His monumental works
include the windows in the UN building in NY.
Ivan Fomich Khrutsky is known for his still lifes and portraits. He
was in a family that descended from Polish gentry in the village
of Ula, near Vitebsk. In 1827, Ivan Fomich Khrutsky came to
Petersburg and in 1830 entered in the Imperial Academy of Arts.
His first known works are dated 1832. In 1836, Ivan Fomich
Khrutsky was awarded The `Major silver medal of the academy
of his still-lifes. Ivan Fomich Khrutsky painted nice genre pictures
and portraits. In 1840 he left Petersburg forever and settled in the
family estate Zakharenichi, Polotsk region.
27) Famous artists of England and Belarus
Art is an embracing notion (music, painting, theatre, literature
and so on). Art had the most important role in the development
of the mankind. The first were found on walls of ancient caves. So
we can guess that painting was the first way of art. Painting is the
most understandable way of art, because it gives us the most full
and vivid impression.
Art helps people to understand outside world and each other.
Art develops our good qualities. Art has a great educational
significance. Art brings people up – makes them more humane
and kind .
Thomas Gainsborough one of the greatest masters of the English
school, was a portraitist and a landscape painter. His portraits are
painted in clear tones. Blue and green are predominated colors.
One of the mostr famous works is the portrait of the Duchess of
Beufort. He was the first English artist to pain his native countryside
so sincerely.
Joseph Turner was an outstanding painter whose most favorite
topic was to paint sea. He painted waves and storms, clouds
and mists with a great skill. Although his talent was recognized
immediately he deliberately turned his back to the glittering
social world of London.
Mark Chagall was born on July 7, 1887 in Vitebsk. Mark took the
violin and singing lessons, began to draw and spoke Russian
rather than Yiddish. In the winter of 1906 he moved to the
St.Petersburg for a thorough artistic training in the cultural heart
of Russia. At the time he became acquainted with Bella
Rosenfield. Many of his painting were dedicated to her. Russian
artists were better received in Paris then in their own country. That
is why the only place for Mark Chagall to go was Paris. His work
was called “Surreal”. In 1914 the painter got a chance to show
his pictures to the world. His major solo exhibition was arranged in
Berlin. For the next 25 years lived in France and America. His
monumental works include the windows in the UN building in NY.
Ivan Fomich Khrutsky is known for his still lifes and portraits. He
was in a family that descended from Polish gentry in the village
of Ula, near Vitebsk. In 1827, Ivan Fomich Khrutsky came to
Petersburg and in 1830 entered in the Imperial Academy of Arts.
His first known works are dated 1832. In 1836, Ivan Fomich
Khrutsky was awarded The `Major silver medal of the academy
of his still-lifes. Ivan Fomich Khrutsky painted nice genre pictures
and portraits. In 1840 he left Petersburg forever and settled in the
family estate Zakharenichi, Polotsk region.
28) Favourite artists and their works
Art is an embracing notion (music, painting, theatre, literature
and so on). Art had the most important role in the development
of the mankind. The first were found on walls of ancient caves. So
we can guess that painting was the first way of art. Painting is the
most understandable way of art, because it gives us the most full
and vivid impression.
Art helps people to understand outside world and each other.
Art develops our good qualities. Art has a great educational
significance. Art brings people up – makes them more humane
and kind.
Ivan Fomich Khrutsky is known for his still lifes and portraits. He
was in a family that descended from Polish gentry in the village
of Ula, near Vitebsk. In 1827, Ivan Fomich Khrutsky came to
Petersburg and in 1830 entered in the Imperial Academy of Arts.
His first known works are dated 1832. In 1836, Ivan Fomich
Khrutsky was awarded The `Major silver medal of the academy
of his still-lifes. Ivan Fomich Khrutsky painted nice genre pictures
and portraits. In 1840 he left Petersburg forever and settled in the
family estate Zakharenichi, Polotsk region.
Joseph Turner was an outstanding painter whose most favorite
topic was to paint sea. He painted waves and storms, clouds
and mists with a great skill. Although his talent was recognized
immediately he deliberately turned his back to the glittering
social world of London.
Mark Chagall was born on July 7, 1887 in Vitebsk. Mark took the
violin and singing lessons, began to draw and spoke Russian
rather than Yiddish. In the winter of 1906 he moved to the
St.Petersburg for a thorough artistic training in the cultural heart
of Russia. At the time he became acquainted with Bella
Rosenfield. Many of his painting were dedicated to her. Russian
artists were better received in Paris then in their own country. That
is why the only place for Mark Chagall to go was Paris. His work
was called “Surreal”. In 1914 the painter got a chance to show
his pictures to the world. His major solo exhibition was arranged in
Berlin. For the next 25 years lived in France and America. His
monumental works include the windows in the UN building in NY.
29) World’s biggest museums and galleries
If you really want to know what someone is like as a person,
mention the term, "art gallery" to them and see how they
respond. People tend to have strong feelings about art galleries.
Many people who've never even visited a gallery tend to think
that they're "fancy," and exclusive places where they're not
welcome. Contemporary art dealers and gallerists are busy
people who are juggling many things most of the time. Given the
lack of arts education in schools, informing the public can be
exhausting and it's not always on the top of the lists of galleries
that are trying to stay afloat. I love art galleries.
Mark Chagall was born on July 7, 1887 in Vitebsk. Mark took the
violin and singing lessons, began to draw and spoke Russian
rather than Yiddish. In the winter of 1906 he moved to the
St.Petersburg for a thorough artistic training in the cultural heart
of Russia. At the time he became acquainted with Bella
Rosenfield. Many of his painting were dedicated to her. Russian
artists were better received in Paris then in their own country. That
is why the only place for Mark Chagall to go was Paris. His work
was called “Surreal”. In 1914 the painter got a chance to show
his pictures to the world. His major solo exhibition was arranged in
Berlin. For the next 25 years lived in France and America. His
monumental works include the windows in the UN building in NY.
The Hermitage is the largest public museum and art gallery in
Russia and one of the most important in the world. It takes its
name from a pleasure pavilion adjoining the winter palace, build
to the order of Catherine the Grate in 1764/67 for the display of
her treasures. It was opened to the public by Nikolas 1 in 1852.
The collection also include much in addition to painting, notably
extensive holdings of Central Asian and Oriental Art.
The Louvre in Paris is the national museum and art gallery of
France, and epitome of the nation’s history and culture. The first
building on the site, begun 1190 by Philip Augustus as a fortress
and arsenal, held the royal treasures of jewels, armour,
illuminated manuscripts. In addition to one of the world’s
greatest collection of paintings, The LOUVRE houses many other
treasures, including large holdings of Greek and Roman
antiquities.
30) Museums and galleries in Belarus
Art is an embracing notion (music, painting, theatre, literature
and so on). Art had the most important role in the development
of the mankind. The first were found on walls of ancient caves. So
we can guess that painting was the first way of art. Painting is the
most understandable way of art, because it gives us the most full
and vivid impression.
Art helps people to understand outside world and each other.
Art develops our good qualities. Art has a great educational
significance. Art brings people up – makes them more humane
and kind.
Ivan Fomich Khrutsky is known for his still lifes and portraits. He
was in a family that descended from Polish gentry in the village
of Ula, near Vitebsk. In 1827, Ivan Fomich Khrutsky came to
Petersburg and in 1830 entered in the Imperial Academy of Arts.
His first known works are dated 1832. In 1836, Ivan Fomich
Khrutsky was awarded The `Major silver medal of the academy
of his still-lifes. Ivan Fomich Khrutsky painted nice genre pictures
and portraits. In 1840 he left Petersburg forever and settled in the
family estate Zakharenichi, Polotsk region.
Mark Chagall was born on July 7, 1887 in Vitebsk. Mark took the
violin and singing lessons, began to draw and spoke Russian
rather than Yiddish. In the winter of 1906 he moved to the
St.Petersburg for a thorough artistic training in the cultural heart
of Russia. At the time he became acquainted with Bella
Rosenfield. Many of his painting were dedicated to her. Russian
artists were better received in Paris then in their own country. That
is why the only place for Mark Chagall to go was Paris. His work
was called “Surreal”. In 1914 the painter got a chance to show
his pictures to the world. His major solo exhibition was arranged in
Berlin. For the next 25 years lived in France and America. His
monumental works include the windows in the UN building in NY.
The National Art Museum is a cultural house of Belarus. Its
holdings are considered one of the biggest in Eastern Europe.
Today it is not only a museum/art gallery but also a modern
scientific and educational center and an art platform.
The diverse collections of the National Art Museum include over
30,000 items of Belarusian and foreign art.
The State Art Gallery opened in Minsk in 1939. The collection
featured works of art taken from the history museums of Minsk,
Vitebsk, Mogilev and Gomel, and paintings donated by the
Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum, the Pushkin Museum of
Fine Arts, and the State Hermitage Museum.
In 1957 the State Art Museum of the BSSRmoved into a new
magnificent building designed by Mikhail Baklanov. The building
was decorated with allegorical sculptures named Art, Sculpture
and Fame.
By the end of the 20th century, the holdings of the museum
grew so big that only a small portion of the collection could be
displayed.
The new halls display masterpieces of art of ancient and
modern Belarus, Western Europe, the East, and Russia.
The unique collection of the Belarusian artincludes works of
ancient icon painting, sculpture, woodcarving, textile, paintings
from the 19th century, works of decorative and applied arts, and
works of arts from the 20th century.
31) Museums and galleries in London
Art is an embracing notion (music, painting, theatre, literature
and so on). Art had the most important role in the development
of the mankind. The first were found on walls of ancient caves. So
we can guess that painting was the first way of art. Painting is the
most understandable way of art, because it gives us the most full
and vivid impression.
Art helps people to understand outside world and each other.
Art develops our good qualities. Art has a great educational
significance. Art brings people up – makes them more humane
and kind.
Thomas Gainsborough one of the greatest masters of the English
school, was a portraitist and a landscape painter. His portraits are
painted in clear tones. Blue and green are predominated colors.
One of the most famous works is the portrait of the Duchess of
Beufort. He was the first English artist to pain his native countryside
so sincerely.
Joseph Turner was an outstanding painter whose most favorite
topic was to paint sea. He painted waves and storms, clouds
and mists with a great skill. Although his talent was recognized
immediately he deliberately turned his back to the glittering
social world of London.
The National Gallery contains the national collection of Europian
paintings from 1300-1900. It was founded in 1824 when the
government purchased 38 paintings from the collection of John
Julius Angerstein. They were first displayed in his former house at
100 Pall Mall. Further bequests soon necessitated larger premises
at the present building in the Trafalgar Square, designed by
William Wilkins, was opened in 1838. The collection as a whole
now has about 2000 pictures.
The National Portrait Gallery contains tha national collection of
portrait of eminent British men and women. It was founded in
1856 at the urging of the historian and politician Philip Henry
Stanhope, 5 th Earl Stanhope, who was the first chairman of the
trustees. Recently The National Portrait Gallery has began to
commission portraits of living sitters, and since 1980 it has
organized a series of annual portrait awards for artists under 40
years old.
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