сберегательная активность граждан и определяющие еë факторы

ǶȉȏȖȘȕȈȧ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȧ
ǹǩǭǸǭǫǨǺǭdzȄǵǨȇ ǨDzǺǰǪǵǶǹǺȄ ǫǸǨǮǬǨǵ ǰ
ǶǷǸǭǬǭdzȇȆȁǰǭ ǭǚ ǼǨDzǺǶǸȃ
ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȐȧ țșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȗȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȖȑ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȒȐ
ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȐșȒȈȚȤ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ, Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȗȖșȖȉȣ ȍȨ
ȘȍȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ. ǶȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ, ȜȖȘȔȐȘțȦȡȐȝ ȕȍȥȔȐșșȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȘȖșȚ ǪǪǷ,
ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȚ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȓȋȖșȘȖȟȕȣȍ șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ, ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȍ
șȖȉȖȑ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȐȕȊȍșȚȐȞȐȑ Ȋ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȍȒȚȖȘ
ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȒȐ. ǰȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȌȈȟȐ
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȝ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ, ȜȖȘȔȐȘțȦȡȐȝ șȉȍȘȍȋȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤ
ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ, Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȘȖȋȕȖȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȍȨ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒȐ ȕȈ șȘȍȌȕȍșȘȖȟȕțȦ ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐȊț.
ǹȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ Ȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȍșțȘșȖȊ ȐȕȊȍșȚȐȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȈ
ȓȦȉȖȋȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ. ǹȚȍȗȍȕȤ Ȑȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȍȚșȧ
ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐșȚȐȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ, ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȖȚ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ.
Ǫ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ, șȘȍȌȐ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȚȍȒțȡȐȍ Ȑ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȔȣȍ ȉțȌțȡȐȍ
ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȣ, țȘȖȊȍȕȤ ȉȓȈȋȖșȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ, ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕț ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȕȣȝ șȚȈȊȖȒ, ȐȕȜȓȧȞȐȦ,
ȕȈȓȖȋȖȖȉȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ. Ǫ ȟȐșȓȍ șțȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ – ȖȞȍȕȒȐ Ȑ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐȊ șȚȘȈȕȣ, ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ Ȓ ȉȈȕȒȖȊșȒȐȔ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈȔ, ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ/ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧ. ǨȕȈȓȐȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȒȘȐȚȍȘȐȍȊ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȖȋȖ
șȍȒȚȖȘȈ, ȕȖ Ȑ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȒȐ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ, ȟȚȖ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȍȚ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȜȖȒțș ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊ ȖȘȋȈȕȖȊ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȖȒȘȍȌȐȚȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȋțȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ.
Ǫ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȐ șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȜȖȕȌ, șȖȏȌȈȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍȔ
ȗȖȌ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ-ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȔȍȘȕȖșȚȍȑ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȍȓȧ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȨȕȕȣȔ Ȋ
ȉțȌțȡȍȔ. Ǫ ȞȍȓȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȖȑ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȖȑ, ȚȖȊȈȘȕȖȑ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȊȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȈȝ. ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ șȚȈȚȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ Ȗ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȧȝ
ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȧ Ȋ șȚȖȓȤ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ, ȗȍȘȍȑȌȨȔ Ȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȏȒȖȔț Ȑȝ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȦ, Ȉ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ, Ȓ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȣȔ șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧȔ.
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȧ ȕȈ ȘȣȕȒȍ ȉȈȕȒȖȊșȒȐȝ ȊȒȓȈȌȖȊ,
ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȍȨ ȊȈȎȕȍȑȠȐȍ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȍ. ǶșȕȖȊȕȣȔ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȔ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȈ șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȚȍȒțȡȐȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȣ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȚșȧ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔȐ ȒȖȔȗȖȕȍȕȚȈȔȐ:
ȖȗȓȈȚȈ ȚȘțȌȈ ȕȈȨȔȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ;
ȌȖȝȖȌȣ ȖȚ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ;
șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȚȘȈȕșȜȍȘȚȣ;
ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȣ ȗȖ ȊȒȓȈȌȈȔ Ȑ ȌȐȊȐȌȍȕȌȣ ȗȖ ȞȍȕȕȣȔ ȉțȔȈȋȈȔ;
ȟȐșȚȣȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȣ ȖȚ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȈȞȐȐ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȣ;
ȗȘȐȘȖșȚ ȏȈȌȖȓȎȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȍȌȐȚȈȔ;
ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȣ.
ǬȖȝȖȌ ȕȈ ȌțȠț ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȚȐȊȕȣȝ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȍȑ, ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȦȡȐȝ
ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖșȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ. Ǭȓȧ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȕȌȐȒȈȚȖȘȈ ȞȍȓȍșȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ
ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ, ȖȚȘȈȎȨȕȕȣȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȔȖȔ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȘȋȈȕȈȔȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȈ
șȚȘȈȕ ǩȈȓȈȕșȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ. ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȑșȧ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ, Ȋ
ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȖȑ ǴȖȓȌȈȊșȒȖȑ ǸȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȍ ș 2007 ȗȖ 2012 ȋȖȌ șȘȍȌȕȐȑ ȌȖȝȖȌ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȊȖȏȘȖș
ȕȈ 28,1%, șȖșȚȈȊȐȊ Ȋ ȋȖȌȖȊȖȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ 2 332 ȌȖȓȓȈȘȈ, Ȋ șȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȏȈ ȔȍșȧȞ – 194,3 ȌȖȓȓ. (ȚȈȉȓ. 12).
ǬȐȕȈȔȐȒȈ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȍȑ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȍȚ Ȗ șȚȈȉȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȐȐ șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ Ȋ
ȕȈȟȈȓȍ 2010 ȋȖȌȈ ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȒȘȐȏȐșȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȖȔ 2008-2009 ȋȋ. ǷȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ
34
ǪȍșȚȕȐȒ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ ȹ10’2013
ǶȉȏȖȘȕȈȧ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȧ
ȚȍȕȌȍȕȞȐȧ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ țșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖȑ, Ȑ ȍȎȍȋȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȘȖșȚ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȚȘȨȝ ȓȍȚ ȊȈȘȤȐȘȖȊȈȓ
Ȋ ȌȐȈȗȈȏȖȕȍ 8-14%, ȟȚȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ șȘȍȌȕȐȔ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧȔ, ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ ǼȍȌȍȘȈȞȐȐ
(8-18%) Ȑ ǻȒȘȈȐȕȍ (11-21%).
ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ șȖȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ș ȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ, ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȦȡȐȔȐ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ Ȋ
ǸȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȍ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȈ, ȚȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ. ȅȚȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȖ ș
ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȔȍȚȖȌȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈȔȐ Ȓ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȍȑ. Ǫ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ, Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ
ȌȖșȚțȗȍ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȧ Ȗ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȔȖȓȌȈȊșȒȐȔȐ șȚȈȚȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȖȘȋȈȕȈȔȐ
ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ, ȈȕȈȓȖȋȐȟȕȖȋȖ ǩȈȓȈȕșț ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ. Ǫ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȍ Ȍȓȧ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ țȘȖȊȕȧ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȦȚ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ, ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȔȣȍ ȗțȚȨȔ ȖȉșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȉȦȌȎȍȚȖȊ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȝ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊ. ȅȚȐ
ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȖșȧȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ șțȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȖȞȍȕȒȖȑ ȘȍȗȘȍȏȍȕȚȈȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȋȘțȗȗȣ
ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ țȘȖȊȕȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖșȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ, ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȌȖȔȖȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊ Ȑ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ șȘȍȌșȚȊ. Ǫ șȐȓț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȖȘȘȍȒȚȕȖ șȖȖȚȕȍșȍȕȣ ș
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ, ȘȈșșȟȐȚȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ șȚȘȈȕȈȔ. Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ
ȖȚșȓȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȝ ȚȍȕȌȍȕȞȐȑ Ȋ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȍ ǸȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȈ19.
ǺȈȒ, Ȋ 2012 ȋȖȌț ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȌțȠȍȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȝȖȌȈ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȣ Ȋ șȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȏȈ
ȔȍșȧȞ șȓȖȎȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ țȘȖȊȕȍ, ȉȓȐȏȒȖȔ Ȓ 125 ȌȖȓȓȈȘȈȔ. ȅȚȖ ȕȈ 1,2% ȊȣȠȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ 2011 ȋȖȌȈ. Ǫ
ȞȍȓȖȔ, ȗȖ ȖȞȍȕȒȈȔ ȔȖȓȌȈȊșȒȐȝ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ, ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ țșȗȍȠȕȣȔ ș ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒȐ
ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȝ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȉȣȓ 2008 ȋȖȌ (+28,1%), ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȏȈ
ȒȘȐȏȐșȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ 2009-2010 ȋȋ. ȌȖȝȖȌȣ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ șȕȐȏȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ 6,1%.
ǺȈȉȓȐȞȈ 12
ǶșȕȖȊȕȣȍ ȐȕȌȐȒȈȚȖȘȣ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ șȚȘȈȕȈȔ ȏȈ 2012 ȋȖȌ
1.ǹȘȍȌȕȍȔȍșȧȟȕȣȍ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȣ
ȕȈ ȌțȠț ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ, ȌȖȓȓ.
2. ǹȘȍȌȕȧȧ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȕȈȧ ȗȓȈȚȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȈ, ȌȖȓȓ.
3. ǷȘȖȎȐȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȔȐȕȐȔțȔ, ȌȖȓȓ.
ǷǴǸ
ǻȒȘȈȐȕȈ
ǸȖșșȐȧ
ǴȖȓȌȖȊȈ
124,6
(șȗȘȈȊȖȟȕȖ)
194,3
322,8
737,4
299,6
378,7
856,9
287,1
104,3
130,4
209,5
124,5
Ǫ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȍ șȚȘȈȕ ȔȐȘȈ, ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȕȈȧ ȗȓȈȚȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ
ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ, șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ 26-39%. ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ Ȓ ȕȍȋȈȚȐȊȕȣȔ
ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐșȚȐȒȈȔ ȌȈȕȕȖȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȑ, ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȚȕȍșȚȐ ȚȖ, ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȍȨ șȘȍȌȕȐȑ
țȘȖȊȍȕȤ Ȋ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȒȍ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȕȖȔȐȕȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ. ǺȈȒ, ș 2007 ȗȖ 2012 ȋȖȌ
șȘȍȌȕȧȧ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȈ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȕȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȣ Ȋ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊȖȔ ȥȒȊȐȊȈȓȍȕȚȍ ȊȖȏȘȖșȓȈ Ȋ 1,6 ȘȈȏȈ șȖ 184,8 ȌȖ
299,6 ȌȖȓȓ. (ȘȐș. 16).
250.0
200.0
150.0
100.0
ǸȖșșȐȧ
ȌȖȝȖȌȣ ȕȈ ȌțȠț ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ
ǻȒȘȈȐȕȈ
ǴȖȓȌȖȊȈ
șȘȍȌȕȍȔȍșȧȟȕȈȧ ȏȈȘȗȓȈȚȈ
ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ
ȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ Ȟȍȕȣ
ǸȐș. 16. ǺȍȔȗȣ ȘȖșȚȈ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈ ȌțȠț ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ, ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȕȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȣ Ȑ ȐȕȜȓȧȞȐȧ
Ȋ 2012 ȋȖȌț, % Ȓ 2007 ȋȖȌț
Ǫ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȗȖ ȚȍȒșȚț ȌȈȕȕȣȍ Ȗ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȌȖȝȖȌȈȝ Ȑ ȘȈșȝȖȌȈȝ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ǸȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȈ, Ȉ
ȚȈȒȎȍ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȘȈșȟȨȚȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȐ ȕȖșȧȚ șȗȘȈȊȖȟȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ.
19
ǪȍșȚȕȐȒ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ ȹ10’2013
35
ǶȉȏȖȘȕȈȧ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȧ
ǯȈ ȥȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ Ȟȍȕȣ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ, ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ
ȕȐȊȍȓȐȘȖȊȈȊ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȔȣȑ ȗȘȐȘȖșȚ. Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ șȖȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȘȖșȚȈ ȏȈȘȗȓȈȚ Ȓ
ȐȕȜȓȧȞȐȐ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȖ 1,6 : 1,6 , Ȋ ǻȒȘȈȐȕȍ – 1,4 : 1,7, Ȋ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȍ – 1,7 : 1,4 șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ. ǹȓȍȌțȍȚ
ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ, ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȍȒțȡȍȔ ȋȖȌț șȐȚțȈȞȐȧ Ȋ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȓțȟȠȐȓȈșȤ, șȘȍȌȕȍȔȍșȧȟȕȈȧ
ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȕȈȧ ȗȓȈȚȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȖ ȐȚȖȋȈȔ I ȗȖȓțȋȖȌȐȧ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȈ 4,7%.
ǸȖșȚ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȚ Ȋ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȍ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȓșȧ țȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ, ȚȈȒȐȝ ȒȈȒ
șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȚȘȈȕșȜȍȘȚȣ, ȌȖȝȖȌȣ ȖȚ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȐ ȊȈȓȦȚȣ.
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ ȖȚ ȘȍȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ
ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȣ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ș 2007 ȋȖȌȈ ȊȖȏȘȖșȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ 2 ȘȈȏȈ, ȗȘȍȊȣșȐȊ Ȋ 2012 ȋȖȌț 32%
șȖȊȖȒțȗȕȣȝ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ, șȚȈȕȖȊȧșȤ ȊșȨ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȔȣȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ șȘȍȌșȚȊ Ȍȓȧ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȈȠȍȑ
ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ. ǬȈȕȕȈȧ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒȈ ȕȈȗȘȧȔțȦ șȊȧȏȈȕȈ ș ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȖȔ ȔȐȋȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ, ȗȖ
ȖȞȍȕȒȈȔ, ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ 150-170 Țȣș. ȗȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȞȍȊ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕȣ ȚȘțȌȐȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȘțȉȍȎȖȔ. ǪșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖ ȐȚȖȋȈȔ 2012 ȋȖȌȈ ȖȉȢȨȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȨȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒț șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȗȖȟȚȐ 425 ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ
ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ. Ǭȓȧ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȧ, Ȋ ǸȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȍ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȈ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚșȧ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ
ȖȚȚȖȒȖȔ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȑ șȐȓȣ, ȌȈȕȕȈȧ șțȔȔȈ șȓȖȎȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȐȎȍ – ȖȒȖȓȖ 420 ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ. ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ,
ȍșȓȐ 5 ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ șȘȍȌȕȍȌțȠȍȊȣȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȐ ȘȍȔȐȚȍȕȞȐȑ ȗȖ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȍ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȐȍ
ȕȈ 36,6%, ȚȖ ȏȈ 2012 ȋȖȌ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȎȐȚȍȓȧ ǷǴǸ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȕȈ 1,2% ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ
ȘțȉȍȎȈ, ȟȍȔ ȗȖ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȍ.
Ǫ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖșȕȖȊȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȔȈȓȖȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ, ȊȈȎȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȔ
ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ șȐșȚȍȔȈ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȈȘȈȕȚȐȑ Ȑ ȔȐȕȐȔȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ
șȚȈȕȌȈȘȚȖȊ. Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ ȚȍȕȌȍȕȞȐȍȑ, ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȐȊȠȍȑ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒț ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȈ
șȚȘȈȕ ǹǵǫ, șȚȈȓ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȣȑ ȘȖșȚ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȘȈȕșȜȍȘȚȖȊ (Ȋ 2-3 ȘȈȏȈ), ȊȒȓȦȟȈȦȡȐȝ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȗȍȕșȐȐ,
șȚȐȗȍȕȌȐȐ, ȗȖșȖȉȐȧ Ȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕțȦ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ, șȚȘȈȝȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȏȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ. Dz ȗȘȐȔȍȘț, șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ
ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȤ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ ȖȚ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ǻȒȘȈȐȕȍ, ȋȌȍ Ȑȝ
șțȔȔȈȘȕȣȑ ȖȉȢȨȔ ȗȖ ȐȚȖȋȈȔ 2012 ȋȖȌȈ ȌȖșȚȐȋ 37% șȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ, ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ
ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ 17%. Ǫ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ ȏȈ 5 ȓȍȚ ȌȖȓȧ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȓȈșȤ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȋ 2 ȘȈȏȈ
ș 11 ȌȖ 21%. Ǫ șȚȘțȒȚțȘȍ ȚȘȈȕșȜȍȘȚȖȊ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ șțȔȔȣ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȗȍȕșȐȐ – ȗȖȟȚȐ 89% (27,1%
ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȍȕșȐȖȕȍȘȈȔȐ), ȊȍșȖȔțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȗȖșȖȉȐȧ Ȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȈȧ
ȗȖȔȖȡȤ – ȖȒȖȓȖ 9%.
ǺȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȔ șȐȋȕȈȓȖȔ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ țȔȍȕȤȠȍȕȐȍ țȌȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȍșȈ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȖȚ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ
ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ, ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȕȖȍ Ȋ șȚȘțȒȚțȘȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȗȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȞȍȊ Ȑ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ ȉȓȐȏȓȍȎȈȡȐȝ
ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ. Ǫ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ, ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ ȗȘȐȘȖșȚȈ Ȑȝ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ Ȋ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ (ȕȈ 14,5%)
țȌȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȌȈȕȕȖȑ șȚȈȚȤȐ șȖȒȘȈȚȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ 2,9 ȗ.ȗ. (ȌȖ 7,0%) șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ. Ǫ
ǻȒȘȈȐȕȍ Ȑ ǸȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ ǼȍȌȍȘȈȞȐȐ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȕȈȘȈȡȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȝȖȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖȑ (Ȋ 2,2 Ȑ 1,6 ȘȈȏȈ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ), Ȉ șȖȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȓȍȊȖȋȖ țȟȈșȚȐȧ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȕȣȔ
– ȕȈ 0,2 ȗ.ȗ. (ȌȖ 15,1%) Ȑ ȕȈ 1,5 ȗ.ȗ. (ȌȖ 8,5%).
Ǫ ȝȖȌȍ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȖȞȍȕȒȈ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ
ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȉȓȈȋ. ǺȈȒ, ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȌȖȝȖȌȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ
ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȍȒȚȖȘ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȒȐ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈ ȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ, ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȋ
șȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȗȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȔȣȔ șȚȘȈȕȈȔ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ 70-85% Ȋșȍȝ ȚȘȈȚ (ȚȈȉȓ. 13). Ǫ Ȑȝ șȚȘțȒȚțȘȍ
ȗȘȍȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȚ ȘȈșȝȖȌȣ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ
țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȐȕȌȐȒȈȚȖȘȖȊ, ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ Ȑ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȤ țȘȖȊȍȕȤ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ
ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ. ǺȈȒ, Ȋ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈȝ, ȋȌȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȣ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȐȏȒȐ, ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ
ȌțȔȈȚȤ, ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ, Ȗ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȐȐ, Ȉ ȊșȨ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȜȐȕȈȕșȐȘțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȔț ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗț.
ǶȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȘȍȑȚȐȕȋ ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȖȊ ǾȍȕȚȘȈ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ «ǸǰǨ-ǨȕȈȓȐȚȐȒȈ»20, ȔȖȎȕȖ
ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ, ȟȚȖ ț ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ șȚȘȈȕ ǭȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȋȖ șȖȦȏȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȒțȗȒț ȍȌȣ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȌȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ
ȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȝ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊ, ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏțȍȔȖ ȏȈȕȧȓȐ ȊșȦ ȊȍȘȝȕȦȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȚȈȉȓȐȞȣ (ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ
20
http://ria.ru/research
36
ǪȍșȚȕȐȒ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ ȹ10’2013
ǶȉȏȖȘȕȈȧ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȧ
șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ǸțȔȣȕȐȧ (26,6%) Ȑ ǴȈȒȍȌȖȕȐȧ (30,5%)). ǯȈȔȣȒȈȦȚ ȘȍȑȚȐȕȋ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ǹǹǹǸ.
ǵȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ ȔȍșȚȍ (38 ȗȖȏȐȞȐȧ) ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ǻȒȘȈȐȕȈ, ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȚȘȈȚȧȚ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț șȊȖȐȝ
ȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȝ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈ ȍȌț. ǬȈȓȍȍ șȓȍȌțȦȚ ǴȖȓȌȈȊȐȧ Ȑ ǩȍȓȈȘțșȤ (ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ 43%). ǻȘȖȊȍȕȤ
ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȗȖ ȌȈȕȕȖȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȦ ȚȈȒȎȍ țșȚțȗȈȍȚ șȘȍȌȕȍȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȔț – 26,6%.
ǺȈȉȓȐȞȈ 13
ǹȚȘțȒȚțȘȈ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈ ȌțȠț ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ șȚȘȈȕȈȔ ȏȈ 2012 ȋȖȌ
ǷǴǸ
1. ǹȘȍȌȕȍȔȍșȧȟȕȣȍ ȘȈșȝȖȌȣ
2. ǷȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȘȈșȝȖȌȣ
3. ǶȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȓȈȚȍȎȐ Ȑ ȊȏȕȖșȣ
ȌȖȓȓ.
194,5
134,6
11,5
%
100,0
69,2
5,9
ǻȒȘȈȐȕȈ
ȌȖȓȓ.
322,8
270,5
21,9
%
100,0
83,8
6,8
ǸȖșșȐȧ
ȌȖȓȓ.
737,4
547,9
79,0
%
100,0
74,3
10,7
ǴȖȓȌȖȊȈ
(șȗȘȈȊȖȟȕȖ)
ȌȖȓȓ.
%
132,0
-
Ǫ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ ȌȖȓȧ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈ ȗȐȚȈȕȐȍ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȖȒȖȓȖ 35% șȖȊȖȒțȗȕȣȝ
ȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȝ ȏȈȚȘȈȚ, ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ 5 ȓȍȚ ȗȘȍȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ ȚȍȕȌȍȕȞȐȧ Ȓ ȍȨ șȕȐȎȍȕȐȦ (ȕȈ
8,1 ȗ.ȗ.). ǷȖ ȐȚȖȋȈȔ 2012 ȋȖȌȈ ȗȘȖȌțȒȚȣ ȗȐȚȈȕȐȧ Ȋ țșȘȍȌȕȨȕȕȖȑ șȚȈȚȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȖȞȍȕȒȍ ȖȉȖȠȓȐșȤ
ȖȌȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ȋ șțȔȔț, ȉȓȐȏȒțȦ Ȓ 560 ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ. ȅȚȖȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȐȔȍȕȤȠȐȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȑ,
șȓȖȎȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȗȖ ǸȖșșȐȐ (1 530 ȌȖȓȓ.), ǻȒȘȈȐȕȍ (1 050 ȌȖȓȓ.) Ȑ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȍ (684 ȌȖȓȓ.).
Ǭȓȧ ȈȌȍȒȊȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȝ ȘȍșțȘșȖȊ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ
ȊȣȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȓȐ Ȑ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒȐ ȕȈȓȖȋȖȊ Ȑ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȚȍȎȍȑ. ǷȘȐ țșȓȖȊȐȐ Ȑȝ ȘȖșȚȈ
țȔȍȕȤȠȈȍȚșȧ ȉȍȏȕȈȓȖȋȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȝȖȌ, Ȉ ȥȚȖ, Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ, țșȓȖȎȕȧȍȚ ȗȘȖȞȍșș șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȑ. Ǫ
ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ, Ȋ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ ȖȉȢȨȔ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȐȏȢȧȚȐȑ ș 2007 ȋȖȌȈ ȊȖȏȘȖș Ȋ 1,8 ȘȈȏȈ, șȖșȚȈȊȐȊ
ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ 6% șțȔȔȈȘȕȣȝ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ. ǨȒȚȐȊȕȣȑ ȘȖșȚ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȓșȧ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ (1,7 ȘȈȏȈ) Ȑ
Ȋ ǻȒȘȈȐȕȍ (1,9 ȘȈȏȈ). ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ țȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȋȍș ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊ ȏȈ ȘȧȌ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ
ȓȍȚ șȕȐȏȐȓșȧ (Ȋ șȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȕȈ 1 ȗ.ȗ.), ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȍ, ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ, ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ ȍȡȨ 0,7 ȗ.ȗ.
ǶȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȚȈȚȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ ȗȖ
ȌȈȕȕȖȔț ȒȘȐȚȍȘȐȦ ș șȐȚțȈȞȐȍȑ Ȋ ǸȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȍ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȈ.
ǸȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȊ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒț Ȑ șȚȘțȒȚțȘț ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ, Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȒȓȦȟȍȊȣȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑȝ
ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȞȍȓȍșȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȓ șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧȔ: ȚȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȝ
ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȝ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊ Ȑ țȗȓȈȚȣ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȚȍȎȍȑ.
Ǫ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȊȐȌȈȔȐ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȣȝ ȈȒȚȐȊȖȊ –
ȉȈȕȒȖȊșȒȐȔȐ ȊȒȓȈȌȈȔȐ, ȊȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȘȗȖȘȈȚȐȊȕȣȍ Ȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ Ȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ,
ȘȈȏȔȍȡȍȕȐȧȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊ Ȋ șȚȘȈȝȖȊȣȝ, ȗȍȕșȐȖȕȕȣȝ, ȐȕȊȍșȚȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȜȖȕȌȈȝ, ȏȈȗȈșȈȔȐ ȕȈȓȐȟȕȖȑ
ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȣ Ȑ ȌȘ. ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȊȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ
ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ
ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȍȗȖȏȐȚȈȔȐ. ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ țȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȋȍș ȕȍȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ, ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȔȈȚȘȈșȕȣȝ,
șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȑ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȣșȖȒ.
ǺȈȒ, ȏȈ 2012 ȋȖȌ, șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȘȈșȟȨȚȕȣȔ ȌȈȕȕȣȔ, șȖȊȖȒțȗȕȣȑ ȖȉȢȨȔ ȕȈȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȣ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ț
ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȏȘȖș ȕȈ 65 Ȕȓȕ ȌȖȓȓ., ȐȓȐ ȕȈ 127 ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍșȟȨȚȍ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȎȐȚȍȓȧ (ȘȐș. 17). ǯȈ
ȥȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȕȈ șȘȖȟȕȣȝ ȊȈȓȦȚȕȣȝ ȌȍȗȖȏȐȚȕȣȝ șȟȍȚȈȝ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȐȞ
ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȓșȧ ȕȈ 15,7 Ȕȓȕ ȌȖȓȓ. Ȑ ȌȖșȚȐȋ 111,9 Ȕȓȕ ȌȖȓȓ., ȐȓȐ 219,9 ȌȖȓȓ. ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ. Ǫ ȞȍȓȖȔ Ȏȍ
ȗȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȦ ȕȈ 01.01.2013 ȋ. ȕȈ șȘȖȟȕȣȝ ȌȍȗȖȏȐȚȈȝ Ȋ ȉȈȕȒȈȝ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊ Ȋ ȖȉȢȨȔȍ
147,7 Ȕȓȕ ȌȖȓȓ., ȐȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ 290 ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȎȐȚȍȓȧ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ. ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, ȏȈ
ȗȘȍȌȣȌțȡȐȑ ȋȖȌ ȕȍȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȟȐșȚȖȑ ȖșȕȖȊȍ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ
ȕȈ 50 Ȕȓȕ ȌȖȓȓ. ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȐ ȖȞȍȕȒȍ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȖȊ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȊȖ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ, ȟȚȖ ȘȍȟȤ ȐȌȨȚ Ȗ șȖȊȖȒțȗȕȣȝ ȖȉȢȨȔȕȣȝ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȧȝ, ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȦȡȐȝ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒț
ȊȈȓȦȚȕȖȋȖ ȘȣȕȒȈ, Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ șȍȋȔȍȕȚȈ, ȊȒȓȦȟȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȐȞ, ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ șȌȍȓȒȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ Ț.Ȍ.
ǪȍșȚȕȐȒ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ ȹ10’2013
37
ǶȉȏȖȘȕȈȧ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȧ
1 200,0
150,0
800,0
100,0
400,0
50,0
0,0
2008
2009
0,0
2012
2010
2011
ȌȖȝȖȌȣ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ (ȓȍȊȈȧ ȖșȤ)
ȕȍȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧ (ȗȘȈȊȈȧ ȖșȤ)
ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ șȘȖȟȕȣȝ ȌȍȗȖȏȐȚȖȊ (ȗȘȈȊȈȧ ȖșȤ)
ǸȐș. 17. ǬȐȕȈȔȐȒȈ ȗȘȐȘȖșȚȈ ȕȍȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȚȒȈ șȘȖȟȕȣȝ ȌȍȗȖȏȐȚȖȊ
ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ǷǴǸ Ȋ 2008-2012 ȋȋ., Ȕȓȕ ȌȖȓȓ.
ǷȖȌȖȉȕȈȧ ȔȖȌȍȓȤ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ, ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȖȒțȗȒț
ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȣ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȗȘȐȖȘȐȚȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧ ȌȖȝȖȌȈ, ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ
ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖșȚșȖȊȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ. ȅȚȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȖ ș ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
ȥȚȈȗȖȔ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ-ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȕȍșȚȈȉȐȓȤȕȖșȚȐ, ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȉȈȕȒȖȊșȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȕȣȔȐ
ȒȘȐȏȐșȈȔȐ, șȓȈȉȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȖșȚȤȦ ȘȣȕȒȈ Ȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȉțȔȈȋ Ȑ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ Ȓ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊț ȒȈȒ
ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔț ȋȈȘȈȕȚț ȏȈȡȐȚȣ ȗȘȈȊ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ. ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ Ȋ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ
șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ țșȐȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȨȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȚȈȚțșȈ, ȟȚȖ șȖȏȌȈȨȚ
ȌȖȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȐșȒȐ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ șȍȒȚȖȘȖȊ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȒȐ. DzȖșȊȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȣȊȖȌ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ
ȈȕȈȓȐȏȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȍȑ, ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȘȐșțȕȒȍ 18.
600,0
400,0
6,6
6,2
6,1
4,4
4,2
2,5
200,0
0,0
2,2
0,0
ǸȖșșȐȧ
ǻȒȘȈȐȕȈ
ǴȖȓȌȖȊȈ
ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ
ȗȘȐȘȖșȚ ȌȍȗȖȏȐȚȖȊ (ȓȍȊȈȧ ȖșȤ)
ȘȈșȝȖȌȣ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȍ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȣ (ȓȍȊȈȧ ȖșȤ)
șȉȍȘȍȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȊȖȚȈ (ȗȘȈȊȈȧ ȖșȤ), %
ǸȐș. 18. ǷȘȐȘȖșȚ ȊȒȓȈȌȖȊ, ȗȖȒțȗȒȈ ȊȈȓȦȚȣ Ȑ șȉȍȘȍȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȊȖȚȈ
Ȋ șȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȕȈ ȌțȠț ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ șȚȘȈȕȈȔ ȏȈ 2012 ȋȖȌ, ȌȖȓȓ.
ǺȈȒ, ȗȖ ȖȉȢȨȔț ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȨȕȕȖȑ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȣ ȕȈ ȌțȠț ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ21 ȏȈ 2012 ȋȖȌ
ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍ ȕȈȔȕȖȋȖ (519 ȌȖȓȓ. ȗȘȖȚȐȊ 555 ȌȖȓȓ.) țșȚțȗȈȍȚ ǻȒȘȈȐȕȍ, ȖȗȍȘȍȎȈȧ Ȑ
ǸȖșșȐȦ (ȕȈ 22,2%), Ȑ ǴȖȓȌȖȊț (Ȋ 2,2 ȘȈȏȈ). ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȈ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȧ Ȑ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȣ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ șȓȖȎȐȓșȧ șȚȍȘȍȖȚȐȗ Ȗ șȝȖȎȍșȚȐ ȔȖȌȍȓȍȑ
ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ. ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȚȈȒ, Ȍȓȧ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ
ǷǴǸ «țȝȖȌ Ȋ ȊȈȓȦȚț» ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣȔ, ȖȉȢȨȔ ȗȖȒțȗȒȐ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȍȚ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ 69% ȖȚ
ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȗȘȖȌȈȎ, Ȋ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȍ – ȊșȍȋȖ 25%. ǺȈȒȈȧ șȐȚțȈȞȐȧ ȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȔ șȊȧȏȈȕȈ ș ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȖșȚȤȦ
ȗȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Șțȉȓȧ, ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȍ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕȣ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȤ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȊȈȓȦȚț
Ȋ ȉǗȓȤȠȐȝ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȈȝ ȒȈȒ Ȍȓȧ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȒțȗȖȒ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȉȓȐȏȓȍȎȈȡȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ șȖșȍȌȕȐȝ
șȚȘȈȕ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ Ȑ Ț.Ȍ.
ǨȕȈȓȐȏ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȧ șȚȘȖȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȍ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȉȈȕȒȖȊ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ, ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȖȑ
Ȑȏ ȖȚȟȨȚȖȊ, ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȦȡȐȝ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍ ȕȈȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ șȍȋȔȍȕȚȈ ȊȈȓȦȚȕȖȋȖ ȘȣȕȒȈ. Ǫ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ
țȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ, ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȐȚȖȋȖȊȣȝ ȞȐȜȘȈȝ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȣ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ, ȕȖ Ȑ ȖȉȢȨȔȣ ȊȈȓȦȚȣ,
ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȔȣȍ ȕȈ ȕȈȓȐȟȕȖȔ ȘȣȕȒȍ ȟȈșȚȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ, ȓȐȉȖ ȗȖ «șȍȘȣȔ șȝȍȔȈȔ» ȦȘȐȌȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ
ȓȐȞȈȔȐ.
21
38
ǪȍșȚȕȐȒ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ ȹ10’2013
ǶȉȏȖȘȕȈȧ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȧ
ǷǴǸ
ǴȖȓȌȖȊȈ
ǻȒȘȈȐȕȈ
ǸȖșșȐȧ
-20,0
120,0
2008
2009
260,0
2010
400,0
2011
540,0
2012
ǸȐș. 19. ǷȘȐȘȖșȚ ȊȒȓȈȌȖȊ ȕȈ ȌțȠț ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ șȚȘȈȕȈȔ Ȋ 2008-2012 ȋȋ., ȌȖȓȓ.
ǵȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȧ ȊȣȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȐȕȌȐȒȈȚȖȘȈ, ȒȈȒ
«șȉȍȘȍȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ
ȒȊȖȚȈ»,
ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȦȡȍȋȖ
ȌȖȓȦ
ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ, ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȔȣȝ Ȋ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ
șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧ. Ǫ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ ȍȨ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ șȓȖȎȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ
țȘȖȊȕȍ 2,5% ȏȈ 2012 ȋȖȌ, ȗȘȐȟȨȔ Ȋ șȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȏȈ
ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȖȕȈ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ 2,1%. Ǫ ǸȖșșȐȐ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȘȐȏȐșȈ 2008 ȋȖȌȈ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȖȗțșȒȈȓșȧ
ȕȐȎȍ 5% Ȑ ȗȖ ȐȚȖȋȈȔ 2012 ȋȖȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȜȐȒșȐȘȖȊȈȕ ȕȈ
ȖȚȔȍȚȒȍ 6,1%. Ǫ ǻȒȘȈȐȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ 2011 ȋȖȌț ȌȖ
82,5%
2,8%, Ȋ 2012 ȋȖȌț șȉȍȘȍȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȊȖȚȈ ȗȖȊȣșȐȓȈșȤ ȌȖ
ǻȒȘȈȐȕȈ
49,4%
4,2%. Ǫ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȍ ȗȖ ȐȚȖȋȈȔ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȖȘȔȈ șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȑ,
ȐșȝȖȌȧ Ȑȏ ȏȈȧȊȓȧȍȔȖȋȖ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȈȔȐ țȘȖȊȕȧ ȌȖȝȖȌȈ,
ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȈ ȔȈȒșȐȔȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ – 6,2%, Ȉ Ȋ șȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȏȈ
5 ȓȍȚ – 5%.
ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȘȖșȚȈ ȊȒȓȈȌȖȊ ȕȈ ȌțȠț ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ
ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖȔ
ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ, Ȋ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ Ȋ 2012 ȋȖȌț Ȗȕ
50,6%
șȖșȚȈȊȐȓ 58,0 ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȋȖȌ, ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ǸȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȈ
țșȚțȗȐȊ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧȔ ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȚȘȈȕ (Ȋ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȍ – 92,3 ȌȖȓȓ., Ȋ
43,9%
ǻȒȘȈȐȕȍ – 162,1 ȌȖȓȓ., Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ – 535,5 ȌȖȓȓ.). Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ, ȍșȓȐ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤ Ȋ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒȍ,
ȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ, șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȗȍȕșȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȘȖșȚ
Ȓ țȘȖȊȕȦ 2011 ȋȖȌȈ, ȗȖ ȐȚȖȋȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȜȐȒșȐȘȖȊȈȕ
ȕȈȐȔȍȕȤȠȐȑ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȐȘȖșȚ ȊȒȓȈȌȖȊ Ȋ
ȉȈȕȒȖȊșȒȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȍ – 13,2 ȌȖȓȓ. (ȘȐș. 19).
56,1%
ǵȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȊȈȎȕȣȔ ȈșȗȍȒȚȖȔ, ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȦȡȐȔ ȕȍ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
șȉȍȘȍȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ, ȕȖ Ȑ
ǷǴǸ
88,6%
ȧȊȓȧȦȡȐȔșȧ ȐȕȌȐȒȈȚȖȘȖȔ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ-ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ
ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ, ȊȣșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȊȈȓȦȚȕȈȧ șȚȘțȒȚțȘȈ
șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȑ. Ǫ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ țȘȖȊȍȕȤ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ Ȓ
ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȍ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȔț șȘȍȌșȚȊț
ȌȖȓȋȖșȘȖȟȕȣȝ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȕȐȏȒȖȔ
11,4%
țȘȖȊȕȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȔȣȝ șȚȘȈȕ. ǵȈ 1 ȧȕȊȈȘȧ
2013 ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ 11,4% șȘȖȟȕȣȝ ȌȍȗȖȏȐȚȖȊ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ
ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȊȈȓȦȚȈ
ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȈȓȦȚȈ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȖȔȐȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȖ Ȋ ȗȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȐȝ Șțȉȓȧȝ (ȘȐș. 20). Ǫ
ǴȖȓȌȖȊȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȓ – 56,1%, Ȋ ǻȒȘȈȐȕȍ
ǸȐș. 20. ǹȚȘțȒȚțȘȈ ȊȒȓȈȌȖȊ ȗȖ
șȚȘȈȕȈȔ ȏȈ 2012 ȋȖȌ, %
– 50,6%, Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ – 82,5%. Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ
ǸȖșșȐȑșȒȈȧ ǼȍȌȍȘȈȞȐȧ
17,5%
ǪȍșȚȕȐȒ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ ȹ10’2013
39
ǶȉȏȖȘȕȈȧ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȧ
Ȑ ȕȈȓȐȟȐȍ ȗȖȏȐȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȚȍȕȌȍȕȞȐȐ, ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȧȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȌȖȓȧ ȘțȉȓȨȊȣȝ șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȑ Ȋ
ȗȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȐȝ ȉȈȕȒȈȝ ȗțșȚȤ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ, ȕȖ ȗȍȘȔȈȕȍȕȚȕȖ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ, Ȋ șȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȏȈ ȋȖȌ ȕȈ
1,2 ȗ.ȗ., Ȉ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ ȏȈ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ – ȕȈ 6,0 ȗ.ȗ.
ǼȈȒȚȖȘȖȔ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȔ șȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȔȐȚȤ șȐȚțȈȞȐȦ ȕȈ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȖȔ ȘȣȕȒȍ ǷǴǸ,
ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȍȕȐȍ ȐȕȜȓȧȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȋȖȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȐȘȈ ȗȖ ȐȕȜȓȧȞȐȐ
ȕȈ ȖȚȔȍȚȒȍ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ 5-8% ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ, ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ, 3-ȝ ȓȍȚȕȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ. ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȖȒȈȎȍȚ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒț ȘțȉȓȦ, ȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚ ȊȣȊȍșȚȐ șȚȈȊȒȐ ȗȖ ȘțȉȓȨȊȣȔ ȊȒȓȈȌȈȔ
ȕȈ țșȚȖȑȟȐȊȣȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ țȘȖȊȍȕȤ. DzȓȦȟȍȊȣȔ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȏȌȍșȤ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ
ȌȖȓȋȖșȘȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȍȕȌȈ.
ǷȘȐ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ ȘȈȊȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ, ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȑ țȘȖȊȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ
ȊȈȎȕțȦ, ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȦȡțȦ, ȘȖȓȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȐȐ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȘȈȏȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȝ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȕȈ ȉȈȕȒȖȊșȒȐȍ șȟȍȚȈ Ȑ ȊȣȉȖȘȍ ȊȈȓȦȚȣ ȊȒȓȈȌȈ. ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȈ
ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȍ ȥȚȖ șȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ. ǺȈȒ, Ȋ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ, ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ Ȑȏ ȘȐșțȕȒȈ 21, ȉȈȕȒȐ
ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦȚ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȣȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȊȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ șȘȍȌșȚȊ, ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ
ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȍ. Ǫ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ, ȗȖ ȊȈȓȦȚȕȣȔ ȌȍȗȖȏȐȚȈȔ Ȋ șȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȏȈ 2012 ȋȖȌ șȚȈȊȒȈ șȓȖȎȐȓȈșȤ
ȕȈ ȖȚȔȍȚȒȍ 6,2%, ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȖ ǴȖȓȌȖȊȍ – 4,5% Ȑ ȗȖ ǻȒȘȈȐȕȍ – 7,0%. Ǫ ǸȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ ǼȍȌȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȍȨ
țȘȖȊȍȕȤ Ȋ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ șȘȖȒȈ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȐȈȗȈȏȖȕȍ 3,4-4,5%.
14,00
Ȋ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȍ
10,00
11,00
6,00
5,00
2,00
ȧȕȊȈȘȤ
ȈȗȘȍȓȤ
ȐȦȓȤ
ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ
ȧȕȊȈȘȤ
ȈȗȘȍȓȤ
ȐȦȓȤ
ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ
ȧȕȊȈȘȤ
ȈȗȘȍȓȤ
ȐȦȓȤ
ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ
ȧȕȊȈȘȤ
ȈȗȘȍȓȤ
ȐȦȓȤ
ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ
ȧȕȊȈȘȤ
ȈȗȘȍȓȤ
ȐȦȓȤ
ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ
17,00
ǴȖȓȌȖȊȈ
ǻȒȘȈȐȕȈ
Ȋ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȍ
ȧȕȊȈȘȤ
ȈȗȘȍȓȤ
ȐȦȓȤ
ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ
ȧȕȊȈȘȤ
ȈȗȘȍȓȤ
ȐȦȓȤ
ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ
ȧȕȊȈȘȤ
ȈȗȘȍȓȤ
ȐȦȓȤ
ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ
ȧȕȊȈȘȤ
ȈȗȘȍȓȤ
ȐȦȓȤ
ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ
ȧȕȊȈȘȤ
ȈȗȘȍȓȤ
ȐȦȓȤ
ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ
23,00
ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ
ǸȐș. 21. ǬȐȕȈȔȐȒȈ șȚȈȊȖȒ ȗȖ ȊȒȓȈȌȈȔ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ șȚȘȈȕȈȔ ȏȈ 2008-2012ȋȋ., %
ǷȖ ȊȒȓȈȌȈȔ Ȋ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȍ ȗȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȐȍ ȉȈȕȒȐ Ȋ șȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓȐ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ
ȌȖȝȖȌȕȖșȚȤ – 14,2%, ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȕȣȍ șȚȈȊȒȐ șȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ țȒȘȈȐȕșȒȖȔ
ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȖȔ ȘȣȕȒȍ – 16,6%, ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓȌȈȊșȒȐȍ ȉȈȕȒȐ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȗȖȌ 9,6%,
ȘȖșșȐȑșȒȐȍ – 6,5-7,7%.
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ, ȐșȝȖȌȧ Ȑȏ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȧ șȉȍȘȍȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȊȖȚȣ, ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ș șȈȔȣȔ ȕȐȏȒȐȔ
ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍȔ șȚȈȊȖȒ (ǸȖșșȐȧ, ǴȖȓȌȖȊȈ) ȗȖ ȐȚȖȋȈȔ 2012 ȋȖȌȈ ȜȐȒșȐȘȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ
șȉȍȘȍȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ, ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ țȘȖȊȕȍ
ȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ Ȓ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȣȔ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈȔ, Ȑ, ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ, Ȓ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȔȖȑ ȕȈ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ
țȘȖȊȕȍ ȔȈȒȘȖȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȍ.
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȐȚțȈȞȐȦ Ȋ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊȤȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȖȞȍȕȐȊȈȚȤ ȖȌȕȖȉȖȒȖ. ǭșȓȐ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ
ȈșȗȍȒȚȣ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ Ȑ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȖȋȖ șȍȒȚȖȘȈ, ȚȖ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȖ ȕȈ
ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȗȧȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȖ Ȋ ȘȖȓȐ ȕȍȚȚȖ-ȒȘȍȌȐȚȖȘȈ ȉȈȕȒȖȊșȒȖȑ
șȐșȚȍȔȣ (ȘȐș. 22). ǰșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ șȚȈȓ 2011 ȋȖȌ, ȗȖ ȐȚȖȋȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȚȕȖȑ ȖșȕȖȊȍ ȘȍșțȘșȖȊ, ȟȍȔ ȘȈȏȔȍșȚȐȓȐ. ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ, ȈȉșȚȘȈȋȐȘțȧșȤ ȖȚ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȑ ș
ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ șȚȘȈȕȈȔȐ, ȕȈȠȐ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȍ, ȗțșȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȕȖ, ȕȖ «ȕȍșțȚ» șȊȖȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȉȈȕȒȐ,
ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑȝ ȖȉȢȨȔ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȘȖȏȕȐȟȕȣȝ ȒȘȍȌȐȚȈȝ, ȕȖ Ȑ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ
40
ǪȍșȚȕȐȒ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ ȹ10’2013
ǶȉȏȖȘȕȈȧ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȧ
ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ ȜȐȕȈȕșȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȨȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȐ șȗȘȖșȈ ȕȈ ȏȈȨȔȕȣȍ ȘȍșțȘșȣ ȒȖȘȗȖȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ
șȍȋȔȍȕȚȈ.
74,0
54,0
34,0
14,0
-6,0
2008
2009
ȗȘȐȘȖșȚ ȊȒȓȈȌȖȊ
2010
2011
2012
ȗȘȐȘȖșȚ ȏȈȌȖȓȎȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȍȌȐȚȈȔ
ǸȐș. 22. ǹȖȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȘȖșȚȈ ȊȒȓȈȌȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈȌȖȓȎȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȍȌȐȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȌțȠț ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ
Ȋ ǷǴǸ ȏȈ 2008-2012 ȋȋ., ȌȖȓȓ.
ǩȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ, ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ, ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȗȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘț șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȑ,
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȕȈȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȊȈȓȦȚȣ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ. Ǭȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȐ
ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȞȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȕȊȍșȚȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȘȍșțȘșȣ, ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȒȖȔȗȓȍȒșȕȖȍ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ
ȘȧȌȈ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ: ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȌȖȓȋȖșȘȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȍȕȌȈ ȔȈȒȘȖȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȚȈȉȐȓȤȕȖșȚȐ;
ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȐȍ țșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȣȝ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȖȊ; ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖȍ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖȔ ȊȏȧȚȣȝ
ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȋȈȘȈȕȚȐȑȕȣȝ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ; ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȍ ȘȣȕȒȈ șȉȍȘȍȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȖȊ; ȗȖȊȣȠȍȕȐȍ
ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȉȈȕȒȖȊ Ȋ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȝ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ, Ȑ, șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȒȈ ȐȔȐ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔ,
ȖȘȐȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȓȖȐ, ș țȟȨȚȖȔ ȌȍȔȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȚȘțȒȚțȘȣ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ
Ȑ Ț.Ȍ. Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȈȔȣȔ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȖ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ
ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȜȈȒȚȖȘ ȕȍȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȕȖșȚȐ. ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȣ șȔȖȎȍȚ ȒȈȘȌȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȤ
ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒț, ȗȖȊȣșȐȚȤ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ Ȑ ț ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȠȕȍȔ Ȍȕȍ Ȑ
ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȚȤ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȣ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ.
ǪȍșȚȕȐȒ ǷȘȐȌȕȍșȚȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ ȹ10’2013
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