Томас С. Пейн1, Ахмед Амри2, Билал Хумейд2, Наталья Рухкян2 1 2 Международный центр улучшения кукурузы и пшеницы (CIMMYT), Мексика Международный центр сельскохозяйственных исследований в аридных зонах (ICARDA), Сирия (Triticum aestivum L.), (T. spelta L.), (T. durum Desf.), (T. dicoccon Schrank), spp.), + (x Triticosecale (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Avena sativa L.). , - , . + 1 ; + . - – / . 2 4 5 5 (-20°C), 5 . > - - 4 -25°C), 5 , / 5 5 + , + 0 1 1 ( , ? / (Secale ereale L.) 4 1 / , , + . (-15°C). 24 4 5 + . - 5. / . 0 - 5 - -, 1 1 - 5, 5 . 0 4 @ 5 - > 5 + + + - 5 / 4 / + 1 5 , + B - , + + . 4 5 5 5 - / + 5, 1 @ @ 5C - - + . B 4 - . - - 5 5, + 1 + 5 - 1 + 5 + . 1 , A + - - / . ! B - 4 + 4 4D ( , / / 500 / + 4 - 1@ - + 5 - ), + 1 + 4 - 4 , 4 / + 5. . " B 4 4 , - / + B -/ 5 4 + / 85% 1100 + , , + 4 24 4 . 4 + / + . , - ,+ 4 - . / , / -. 4 ,+ . ! B 4- 4 + 4 - 1 . - - . G + 5 4 4 1 5. 2 ! 0 4 , - 4 B . 4/ , + 4 . ? 4 , 4 / . 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B 4 4 - 4 - 4 + 1 5 . ,+ 4 + 5 4 / 5 5 - 4 4 + / . ! * ! 24 + 4- / - 4 T + 5 4- , , + T + , 4 @ 1 + 5 . @ + @ + 1 + / . 4- . - + 1 - , + 4 4 / / . ! B + + + - 4 / . > - 35 C / / - - , 10–15% / @ @ / 5 @ + 1 - : + 4 1 6–8 / 10–25ZC - + , 5 / - 5–8%. Q - / / 12–15%. + @ 1 :4 - ° 0 - , @ - , 5–8%. 7 ( ! > 1 - - 5 (/ 5 + 4 - 0 + / 5 + - - 4 + / - 4 - / 4 - (200-300 ) ). 1250-2500 - 500 5 5 4 -, 4- + - + - . -+ 1, / 4 . / + + 10–20 . , + 4 C + - / - 5000–7500 4 -, , 4 0 1@ 5 . - 4 + - - - - 4 0 5 50-100 . 0 0 - 4 5 K . . @ + 1 / 1 , - / - + 4 .G / . > + 5 1 4 , - / - K @ 4 1@ 5 / . -- - / , 4 5 5+ 4 + + . 4 . ! B / 4 + 4 5, + 4 . 1, - / 5 4 1 1 . 0 , + 4 + + + 4 4 5. 8 , + - * > (Claviceps purpurea) > (Claviceps purpurea) [ 5 (Alternaria triticina) > (Claviceps purpurea) ? (Rhynchosporium secalis) [ / + (Sclerospora macrospore) K 5 indica) (Tilletia \ 1+ , Tilletia tritici (= T. caries) T. laevis (= T. foetida) > 4 , Urocystis agropyri (=U. tritici) (Tilletia controversa) , Tilletia controversa (= T. pancicii, T. hordei) \ hordei) (Ustilago L nigra) B tritici) (Ustilago L + (Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa) 0 T \ (Ustilago segetum (= U. kolleri) (Ustilago @ (Ustilago nuda) L + (Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa) B (Ustilago avenae) L + (Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa) 5 (WSMV) 0 + c 4 5 (BSMV) 1@ (Anguina tritici) ( ! c ! + 5 0–2ZC + + $ - 4 - - , - : -; -18 -20ZC . ! 24 - ! @ , / 1 . , 9 / @ / . , / . 4 4 + , , 4 , + / , . -, C 1, 4 / 4 - - 5 [14 5 . + , - 4 5 - - - - . 0 4 > + 4 4 «+ @ + 4 . , - 4 @ - ». K 1 - / : sgsv@nordgen.org % B , @ 1 4 5 4 / - , , - 4 5 4 . . - . / 4 5) . 1+ + , + 4 1 , + 4 Q - - / 1 , , 4 ( j - ( + C + 1 , B 1@ - 4 4 - . . Q , + 5) - , 4 . c - - 1 . + 1+ , , + / 4 + 4 5 , + 4 . . $ ! 0 4 - 1@ + - > 5 4 , , + 4 > , - / , ) (GAA) + ? T (FAO/IPGRI 2001) ( > T , (SMTA) MTA . ( ) 4 ( ) 4 10 ? 4 A + , 5 @ 4 , - : 4 @ 5, 5 5 5 , + 5 5 , , 5 > - / > 4C j 4 , 5 5 s 4 2 , 4 G / + - \ * \ + 5 \ + 0 5 + 0 5 0 L \ B T + 5 T 2 2 2 2 + T R + T 1000 R 2 2 > / + 5 5 + T 5 2 + T 1000 + R 5 + 1000 5 5 «> » : http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/croplist.pl. ! 1@ 5 ! Breese EL. 1989. Regeneration and multiplication of germplasm resources in seed genebanks: The scientific background. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, Italy. Cook RJ, Veseth RJ. 1991. Wheat Health Management. APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, USA. Engels JMM, Visser L, editors. 2003. A guide to effective management of germplasm collections. IPGRI Handbooks for Genebanks No. 6. IPGRI, Rome, Italy. S K : 11 http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversity/publications/pdfs/899.pdf. G : 16 2008 . FAO/IPGRI. 1994. Genebank Standards. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and International Plant Genetics Resources Institute, Rome, Italy. S K : http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversity/publications/pdfs/424.pdf. G : 16 2008 . FAO/IPGRI. 2001. Multi-Crop Passport Descriptors. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and International Plant Genetics Resources Institute, Rome, Italy. S : http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversity/publications/pdfs/124.pdf. G + : 16 2008 . IBPGR. 1985. Oat descriptors. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources. Rome, Italy. S : http://www.bioversityinternational.org/publications/Web_version/146/begin.htm#Contents. G + : 16 2008 . IBPGR. 1985. Descriptors for wheat (Triticum spp.), revised. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, Italy. S : http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversity/publications/pdfs/303.pdf IPGRI. 1994. Descriptors for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy. S : http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversity/publications/pdfs/333.pdf. G + : 16 2008 . ISTA. 2008. International Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association. ISTA Secretariat, CH-Switzerland. Lehmann ChO, Mansfeld R. 1957. Zur Technik der Sortimentserhaltung [On the technique for collection-maintenance]. Kulturpflanze 5:108-138. nd Mathre DE, editor. 1997. Compendium of Barley Diseases, 2 edition. APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN., USA. Mezzalama ML, Gilchrist L, McNab A. 2001. Seed health: rules and regulations for the safe movement of germplasm. CIMMYT, Mexico D.F., Mexico. nd Wiese MV. 1987. Compendium of Wheat Diseases, 2 edition. APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, USA. S / 1 @ c A (Harold Bockelman, USDA Small Grains Collection), R R (Monica Mezzalama, CIMMYT Seed Health Laboratory) K \ (Imke Thormann, Bioversity International). T @ C 1 , - S G (Dr Axel Diederichsen, Plant Gene Resources of Canada); . W. c 5 (Dr Christoph U. Germeier, Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Germany); .. K [ (0K?, ? ); - ‰ 0 (Jan Valkoun, ICARDA, ). *. Payne T.S., Amri A., Humeid B. and Rukhkyan N. 2008. ? / 1. B , , + . 0: Dulloo M.E., Thormann I., Jorge M.A. and Hanson J., editors. Crop specific regeneration guidelines [CD-ROM]. CGIAR Systemwide Genetic Resource Programme, Rome, Italy. 14 pp. 12 1- > 5 (Triticum aestivum) - 5+ 24 ). Ana Maria Sanchez/CIMMYT (R 2- W+ (Avena sterilis L.) @ / + . Axel Diederichsen/Plant Gene Resources of Canada 3- R @ + , @ @ 1@ . Axel Diederichsen/Plant Gene Resources of Canada 13 X 14