Чикагское утверждение о библейской герменевтике

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The Chicago Statement on Biblical Hermeuneutics
QBD:=KDH?ML<?J@>?GB?H;B;E?CKDHC=?JF?G?<LBD?
KL:LVB ML<?J@>?GBY B HL<?J@?GBY
L?F: ‹ :\lhjkdh_ ijZ\h FK;; <k_ ijZ\Z khojZg_gu Ba^Zgh k jZaj_r_gby
:job\h\ >ZeZkkdhc ;h]hkeh\kdhc K_fbgZjbb ojZgys_c Zjob\u ,&%,
Fu ml\_j`^Z_f
Fu hl\_j]Z_f
KL:LVY , –
qlh ghjfZlb\guf Z\lhjbl_lhf K\ys_ggh]h IbkZgby y\ey_lky
Z\lhjbl_l KZfh]h ;h]Z b qlh wlhl Z\lhjbl_l IbkZgby aZk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zg Bbkmkhf Ojbklhf
=hkih^hf P_jd\b
aZdhgghklv hl^_e_gby Z\lhjbl_lZ OjbklZ hl Z\lhjbl_lZ
IbkZgby beb ijhlb\hihklZ\e_gb_ h^gh ^jm]hfm KL:LVY ,, – Fu ml\_j`^Z_f qlh IbkZgb_
y\ey_lky g_jZa^_ebfuf ;h`vbf Keh\hf \ujZ`_gguf gZ q_eh\_q_kdhf yaud_ lZd`_ dZd
Ojbklhk y\ey_lky ;h]hf b Q_eh\_dhf \ h^ghc Ebqghklb
hl\_j]Z_f qlh mgbqb`_ggZy
Fu
?]h mgbqb`_gghklb \dexqZ_l ]j_o KL:LVY – Fu ml\_j`^Z_f qlh Ebqghklv b jZ[hlZ
BbkmkZ OjbklZ y\eyxlky p_gljZevguf khkj_^hlhqb_f \k_c ;b[ebb Fu hl\_j]Z_f qlh dZdhceb[h f_lh^ bgl_jij_lZpbb dhlhjuc hljbpZ_l beb aZl_fgy_l Ojbklhp_gljbqghklv IbkZgby
y\ey_lky ijZ\bevguf KL:LVY – Fu ml\_j`^Z_f qlh K\ylhc >mo \^hogh\b\rbc IbkZgb_
^_ckl\m_l q_j_a g_]h k_]h^gy qlh[u ijhba\_klb ba wlh]h ihkeZgby \_jm Fu hl\_j]Z_f qlh
K\ylhc >mo dh]^Z-eb[h mqbl dh]h-eb[h lhfm qlh ijhlb\hj_qbl mq_gbx IbkZgby KL:LVY 9 –
Fu ml\_j`^Z_f qlh K\ylhc >mo ^Z_l kihkh[ghklv \_jmxsbf aZ^_ckl\h\Zlv b ijbf_gblv
IbkZgb_ d kh[kl\_gghc `bagb Fu hl\_j]Z_f qlh ijbjh^guc q_eh\_d kihkh[_g ^moh\gh
jZaebqZlv [b[e_ckdh_ ihkeZgb_ [_a ihfhsb >moZ K\ylh]h KL:LVY – Fu ml\_j`^Z_f qlh
q_eh\_q_kdZy nhjfZ IbkZgby \dexqZ_l \ k_[y hrb[hqghklv jZ\gh dZd b q_eh\_qghklv OjbklZ \
,,,
,9
9,
;b[eby \ujZ`Z_l ;h`vx bklbgm \ ijhihabpbhgguo ml\_j`^_gbyo b fu aZy\ey_f qlh
[b[e_ckdZy bklbgZ y\ey_lky dZd h[t_dlb\ghc lZd b Z[khexlghc >Ze__ fu ml\_j`^Z_f qlh
ml\_j`^_gb_ fh`_l [ulv bklbgguf lhevdh _keb hgh ij_^klZ\ey_l \hijhku lZdbfb dZdbfb hgb
_klv \ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb Z _keb `_ hgh g_\_jgh bklhedh\u\Z_l nZdlu lh ml\_j`^_gb_ y\ey_lky
hrb[hqguf
qlh g_ kfhljy gZ lh qlh IbkZgb_ kihkh[gh mfm^jblv gZk d
Fu hl\_j]Z_f
kiZk_gbx [b[e_ckdZy bklbgZ ^he`gZ hij_^_eylvky \ l_jfbgZo wlhc nmgdpbb >Ze__ fu
hl\_j]Z_f qlh hrb[dZ ^he`gZ hij_^_eylvky dZd lh qlh g_k_l \ k_[_ ijhba\hevguc h[fZg
KL:LVY 9,, – Fu ml\_j`^Z_f qlh agZq_gb_ \ujZ`_ggh_ \ dZ`^hf [b[e_ckdhf l_dkl_
Fu
y\ey_lky hl^_evguf hij_^_e_gguf b nbdkbjh\Zgguf
hl\_j]Z_f qlh ijbagZgb_ wlh]h
hl^_evgh]h agZq_gby mkljZgy_l jZaghh[jZab_ _]h ijbf_g_gby KL:LVY 9,,, –
ml\_j`^Z_f,
Fu
qlh ;b[eby kh^_j`bl mq_gby b fZg^Zlu dhlhju_ ijbf_gyxlky dh \k_f dmevlmjZf b
kblmZpbhgguf dhgl_dklZf b ^jm]bf fZg^ZlZf dhlhju_ \ ;b[ebb ihdZaZgu ebrv \ k\h_f
hlghr_gbb d dhgdj_lguf kblmZpbyf
hl\_j]Z_f qlh jZaebqb_ f_`^m mgb\_jkZevgufb b
Fu
dhgdj_lgufb fZg^ZlZfb IbkZgby fh]ml hij_^_eylvky dmevlmjgufb beb kblmZpbhggufb
nZdlhjZfb >Ze__ fu hl\_j]Z_f qlh k mgb\_jkZevgufb fZg^ZlZfb ke_^m_l h[jZsZlvky dZd k
dmevlmjgh b kblmZpbhggh hlghkbl_evgufb KL:LVY ,; – Fu ml\_j`^Z_f qlh l_jfbg
]_jf_g_\lbdZ dhlhjuc bklhjbq_kdb h[hagZqZe ijZ\beZ wda_]_lbdb fh`_l \iheg_ ho\Zlu\Zlv
\k_ qlh \dexqZ_lky \ ijhp_kk \hkijbylby agZq_gby [b[e_ckdh]h hldjh\_gby Z lZd`_ lh dZd wlh
dZkZ_lky gZr_c `bagb
hl\_j]Z_f
Fu
qlh ihkeZgb_ IbkZgby ijh^bdlh\Zgh ihgbfZgb_f
lhedh\Zl_ey Wlbf kZfuf fu hl\_j]Z_f qlh ]hjbahglu [b[e_ckdh]h Z\lhjZ b lhedh\Zl_ey
fh]ml kijZ\_^eb\h kf_rb\Zlvky \ j_amevlZl_ q_]h ihemq_gguc l_dkl [m^_l g_klb ^ey
lhedh\Zl_ey lZdh_ agZq_gb_ dhlhjh_ [m^_l \uoh^blv ba ih^ dhg_qgh]h dhgljhey lh]h agZq_gby
dhlhjh_ \ujZ`_gh \ IbkZgbb KL:LVY ; – Fu ml\_j`^Z_f qlh IbkZgb_ i_j_^Z_f gZf ;h`vx
³
³
´
´
Fu
bklbgm \_j[Zevguf iml_f q_j_a rbjhdh_ jZaghh[jZab_ ebl_jZlmjguo nhjf
hl\_j]Z_f qlh
dZdZy-eb[h ebfblbjh\Zgghklv q_eh\_q_kdh]h yaudZ ^_eZ_l IbkZgb_ g_Z^_d\Zlguf ^ey i_j_^Zqb
Fu ml\_j`^Z_f
;h`v_]h ihkeZgby KL:LVY ;, –
qlh i_j_\h^u l_dklZ IbkZgby fh]ml
i_j_^Z\Zlv agZgb_ h ;h]_ aZ ij_^_eu \k_o \j_f_gguo b dmevlmjguo [Zjv_jh\
hl\_j]Z_f,
Fu
qlh agZq_gb_ [b[e_ckdbo l_dklh\ klhev k\yaZgh k dmevlmjhc ba dhlhjhc hgh ijbreh qlh
ihgbfZgb_ lh]h `_ kZfh]h agZq_gby \ ^jm]bo dmevlmjZo y\ey_lky g_\hafh`guf KL:LVY ;,, –
Fu ml\_j`^Z_f
qlh \ ijhp_kk_ \uiheg_gby aZ^Zqb ih i_j_\h^m ;b[ebb b mqbl_evkl\Z \
dhgl_dkl_ dZ`^hc hl^_evghc dmevlmju ^he`gu [ulv aZ^_ckl\h\Zgu lhevdh l_ nmgdpbhgZevgu_
wd\b\Ze_glu dhlhju_ \_jgu kh^_j`Zgbx [b[e_ckdh]h mq_gby
aZdhgghklv l_o
Fu hl\_j]Z_f
f_lh^h\ dhlhju_ eb[h y\eyxlky [_aqm\kl\bl_evgufb d lj_[h\Zgbyf f_`dmevlmjghc
dhffmgbdZpbb eb[h \ ijhp_kk_ bkdZ`Zxl [b[e_ckdh_ agZq_gb_ KL:LVY ;,,, –
ml\_j`^Z_f qlh hkhagZgghklv gZebqby ebl_jZlmjguo dZl_]hjbc nhjfZevguo b
Fu
klbebklbq_kdbo \ jZaebqguo qZklyo IbkZgby y\ey_lky g_h[oh^bfuf ^ey ijZ\bevghc
wda_]_lbdb ih ijbqbg_ q_]h fu b p_gbf `Zgjh\uf djblbpbafhf dZd h^ghc ba fgh]bo
^bkpbiebg [b[e_ckdbo bkke_^h\Zgbc
Fu hl\_j]Z_f
qlh `Zgjh\u_ dZl_]hjbb hljbpZxsb_
bklhjbqghklv fh]ml [ulv aZdhggh aZ^_ckl\h\Zgu \ hlghr_gbb d [b[e_ckdbf ih\_kl\h\Zgbyf
dhlhju_ ij_^klZ\eyxl ba k_[y l_dklu nZdlbq_kdh]h oZjZdl_jZ KL:LVY ;,9 –
qlh [b[e_ckdZy aZibkv kh[ulbc jZa]h\hjh\ b \ukdZau\Zgbc khhl\_lkl\m_l
bklhjbq_kdbf nZdlZf g_kfhljy gZ lh qlh hgb ij_^klZ\e_gu \ jZaghh[jZabb khhl\_lkl\mxsbo
ebl_jZlmjguo nhjf
hl\_j]Z_f
ijb^mfZgh [b[e_ckdbf Z\lhjhf beb ljZ^bpbyfb dhlhju_ hgb
aZ^_ckl\h\Zeb KL:LVY ;9 –
g_h[oh^bfhklv lhedh\Zgby ;b[ebb kh]eZkgh __
ml\_j`^Z_f
Fu
Fu
qlh ex[h_ kh[ulb_ jZa]h\hj beb \ukdZau\Zgb_
aZibkZggh_ \ IbkZgbb [ueh
Fu ml\_j`^Z_f
ebl_jZlmjghfm beb ghjfZevghfm kfukem Ebl_jZlmjguf kfukehf y\ey_lky bklhjbdh]jZffZlbq_kdbc kfuke lh _klv lh agZq_gb_ dhlhjh_ \ujZ`Ze Z\lhj Lhedh\Zgb_
khhl\_lkl\mxs__ ebl_jZlmjghfm kfukem ijbgbfZ_l \ jZkq_l \k_ jblhjbq_kdb_ nb]mju b
ebl_jZlmjgu_ nhjfu kh^_j`Zsb_ky \ l_dkl_
aZdhgghklv dZdh]h-eb[h ih^oh^Z d
Fu hl\_j]Z_f
IbkZgbx dhlhjh_ ijbibku\Z_l _fm agZq_gb_ g_ih^^_j`b\Z_fh_ ebl_jZlmjguf kfukehf
KL:LVY ;9, – Fu ml\_j`^Z_f
qlh aZdhggu_ djblbq_kdb_ f_lh^u ^he`gu bkihevah\Zlvky
^ey hij_^_e_gby dZghgbq_kdh]h l_dklZ b _]h agZq_gby
hl\_j]Z_f ijZ\h iha\heylv dZdhfmeb[h f_lh^m [b[e_ckdhc djblbd_ ih^\_j]Zlv ih^ \hijhk bklbgghklv beb q_klghklv agZq_gby
Fu
\ujZ`_ggh]h Z\lhjhf beb ex[h]h ^jm]h]h mq_gby IbkZgby KL:LVY ;9,, – Fu ml\_j`^Z_f
_^bgkl\h ]Zjfhgbx b ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv IbkZgby b aZy\ey_f qlh hgh kZfh y\ey_lky k\hb
emqrbf lhedh\Zl_e_f Fu hl\_j]Z_f qlh IbkZgb_ fh`_l [ulv bklhedh\Zgh lZdbf h[jZahf
qlh h^bg hlju\hd [m^_l bkijZ\eylv beb ijhlb\hj_qblv ^jm]hfm Fu hl\_j]Z_f qlh iha^gb_
Z\lhjZ IbkZgby g_\_jgh bklhedh\Zeb jZggb_ hlju\db IbkZgby dh]^Z pblbjh\Zeb beb
kkueZebkv gZ gbo KL:LVY ;9,,, – Fu ml\_j`^Z_f qlh kh[kl\_ggh_ lhedh\Zgb_ ;b[ebb
kZfhc k_[y y\ey_lky \k_]^Z ijZ\bevguf gbdh]^Z g_ hldehgyxsbfky gh gZijhlb\
jZatykgyxsbf hl^_evgh_ agZq_gb_ \^hogh\e_ggh]h l_dklZ Hl^_evgh_ agZq_gb_ keh\ ijhjhdZ
jZkijhkljZgy_lky gZ ihgbfZgb_ wlbo keh\ ijhjhdhf ohly b g_ h]jZgbqb\Z_lky wlbf b
h[yaZl_evgh \dexqZ_l \ k_[y gZf_j_gb_ ;h]Z aZk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zggh_ \ bkiheg_gbb wlbo keh\
Fu hl\_j]Z_f qlh Z\lhju IbkZgby \k_]^Z ihgbfZeb ihegh_ ijbf_g_gb_ k\hbo kh[kl\_gguo
keh\ KL:LVY
– Fu ml\_j`^Z_f qlh ex[h_ bagZqZevgh bf_xs__ky ij_^klZ\e_gb_
dhlhjh_ lhedh\Zl_ev ijb\ghkbl \ IbkZgb_ ^he`gh [ulv \ ]Zjfhgbb k mq_gb_f IbkZgby b [ulv
ih^\_j`_gguf _]h dhjj_dlbjh\d_ Fu hl\_j]Z_f qlh IbkZgb_ h[yaZgh khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv
qm`^uf bagZqZevgh bf_xsbfky ij_^klZ\e_gbyf dhlhju_ _fm ijhlb\hj_qZl lZdbf dZd
gZlmjZebaf w\hexpby kZc_glbaf k_dmeyjguc ]mfZgbaf b j_eylb\baf KL:LVY ;; – Fu
ml\_j`^Z_f qlh ihkdhevdm ;h] y\ey_lky Z\lhjhf \k_c bklbgu lh \k_ bklbgu [b[e_ckdb_ b
;,;
wdkljZ[b[e_ckdb_ y\eyxlky ihke_^h\Zl_evgufb b k\yaZggufb b qlh ;b[eby ]h\hjbl bklbgm
dh]^Z hgZ \ukdZau\Z_lky ih \hijhkZf bf_xsbf hlghr_gb_ d ijbjh^_ bklhjbb beb q_fm-eb[h
^jm]hfm >Ze__ fu ml\_j`^Z_f qlh \ g_dhlhjuo kemqZyo wdkljZ[b[e_ckdb_ ^Zggu_ bf_xl
p_gghklv ^ey ijhykg_gby lh]h qlh IbkZgb_ mqbl b ^ey ih[m`^_gby d bkijZ\e_gbx eh`guo
lhedh\Zgbc Fu hl\_j]Z_f qlh wdkljZ[b[e_ckdb_ fg_gby dh]^Z-eb[h hijh\_j]Zxl mq_gb_
IbkZgby beb khojZgyxl ijbhjbl_l gZ^ gbfb KL:LVY ;XI – Fu ml\_j`^Z_f ]Zjfhgbx
ki_pbZevgh]h hldjh\_gby k h[sbf hldjh\_gb_f b khhl\_lkl\_ggh [b[e_ckdh]h mq_gby k
nZdlZfb ijbjh^u
hl\_j]Z_f qlh q_klgu_ gZmqgu_ nZdlu [m^ml ijhlb\hj_qblv bklbgghfm
agZq_gbx
KL:LVY ;;,, –
ml\_j`^Z_f qlh ;ulb_ -11
y\ey_lky nZdlbq_kdbf hibkZgb_f dZd b \ky hklZevgZy qZklv dgb]b
hl\_j]Z_f qlh mq_gb_
Fu
Fu
dZdh]h eb[h hlju\dZ IbkZgby
Fu
;ulby - y\ey_lky fbklbq_kdbf b qlh gZmqgZy ]bihl_aZ h[ bklhjbb a_feb beb ijhbkoh`^_gbb
q_eh\_q_kl\Z fh`_l hijh\_j]gmlv lh qlh ;b[eby mqbl h l\hj_gbb KL:LVY ;;,,, –
Fu
ml\_j`^Z_f ykghklv IbkZgby hkh[_ggh \ k\h_f ihkeZgbb h kiZk_gbb hl ]j_oZ Fu hl\_j]Z_f,
qlh \k_ hlju\db IbkZgby y\eyxlky jZ\gh ykgufb beb qlh \k_ hgb bf_xl jZ\gh_ hlghr_gb_ d
ihkeZgbx h[ bkdmie_gbb KL:LVY
– Fu ml\_j`^Z_f qlh q_eh\_d g_ y\ey_lky
aZ\bkbfuf hl hiulZ [b[e_ckdbo mq_guo \ \hijhk_ ihgbfZgby IbkZgby Fu hl\_j]Z_f qlh
q_eh\_d ^he`_g b]ghjbjh\Zlv ieh^Zfb l_ogbq_kdh]h bkke_^h\Zgby IbkZgby ijh^_eZggh]h
[b[e_ckdbfb mq_gufb KL:LVY ;;9 – Fu ml\_j`^Z_f qlh _^bgkl\_gguf lbihf ijhih\_^b
;;,9
dhlhjh_ \ ^hklZlhqghc f_j_ i_j_^Z_l [h`_kl\_ggh_ hldjh\_gb_ b _]h khhl\_lkl\mxs__
ijbf_g_gb_ d `bagb y\ey_lky lZdZy ijhih\_^v dhlhjZy \_jgh b lsZl_evgh baeZ]Z_l l_dkl
IbkZgby dZd Keh\Z ;h`v_]h
qlh ijhih\_^gbd h[eZ^Z_l dZdbf-eb[h ihkeZgb_f
hl ;h]Z hl^_evguf hl l_dklZ IbkZgby
Fu hl\_j]Z_f
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