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XIV . 24 : . % * ) * ," " " – – +: " " .* +# # – ' #/1 * # 2$ ' – 2$ . # + . .1 # $ % , + $ # "/ # 2( & + # ' # ) #/" " # ) ) ". * , #) 1 * " 2 "/ 0 % 1 * ) # .+ * )& " - #/" .+ 1 " * ' " , + # # + #) 1 * $/ & * ) # + " ; + 1 * ) + ( " .+ * 7$ ' 9 ' ## ; * " , .' ' " # &, '1 . # ". . " " + # ; ' , 1 * " % + # & + ' $/ ' # $ , #/ " / " ) $ % ," * ," + + # & % # . # 2 #/ ," + .% # " - 1 " # + , " % " #/ . ," % . # % ' #/1 # + /1 # ) , " # $ # # .& " " + .& '# + # & & - . # " "+ " "/, " 2 " ) #) " ) " .* + # & * " , " * ' ## + , 7 * + * $ *" , ' . % * . '. " '.# , % " # ) . 2", " ' #/1 ) "/ + # &+ 80% ) #)2" ) " + + 1 " , 15% – " + + ' % * 8 " 5% – " + + # .* ' " . + * + # &# / "/ " +, " #/ + ' #/1 " * # + ) #)2" ) .* -. % " % ' % # + ", " + # $ # * ++ . " &1 + ) # + , " )( * ) ," % + % #/, * , , , , # ) # ")$ #/ * " 2" ) # % . ' * * $ ' . # . , " . ) '. " #/ " 2" ' * ' * )*. " 2" " &1 . ," * # + , * % # % ) ) / " + + * ++ " .+ ' + 1 &* + , " 1 + " #)+ .* # + *% " " " 0 % % , ' " + ' # . & 0 25 - #/ .& " " " " " " #/ " + .* # # . + " % , ) #)) + ' + , + # &-. ". 2" , + 2 + ( / ' % ".* 2 – ) # + % * + # & 2( * # .*, " . # " $ 2" * #/ * $ . + )+ $ # + .* " 1 & * )( + # # " .+ " #) " ) " #/ " # .* # + , #/ * '6 " + + + + " + % + # & % '( " . 26 "/ " & " .* " " * + + " + # " 2 $' * % " . "* # + " " "% '6 " + + , #) " * #) ) . ' # ( ""/ # .* " * ," + # + & " " 3. , & ( - - , # ( # + # & '( " + " #/ # $ 2 - #/2 " " , 2 " + " .* "1 &, % #)2( + ) #) " ) * $ + $&# " % . + .+ " # + 9 + # &-. " 2" % # ( < # (Hiil) , " .&, %# )+, * # % ' % # + &1 ) #)# ) " + + % % * # 0 ' . . " # ) ," % % # % % 0 + # ". .* % . " .* # + ( #) " ". + * ) –* , ( #2 ) # + ), * & ( % #/ + 0# ). 4" % . * " & " " * + + # (Irir Samaale), " % ) + " & # . 4" " % . # + + 2" '( . # + , " )( ) ," % * & ( % #/ + 0# ), " 2" ) " + + + 0 % " * ' (Saab) , " " " , ## " 10 % . 2" ) . " ," % + 2" ) % . " .* # + # # + " (beelweyn ). 2 / # + '. + 2" + % 2 " " * " + )* #)2" ) , # , '( . ". . +/ 11 (tol /qabiil – qolo – jifo – laf – jilib – reer – qoys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diyo) # (mag) – + " #/ & + .& ( ', ' ".* .*. %# # + " )" $ – (isim ) # (duubab) " &1 . – á (caaqillo), (odayaal), ! (aqoonyahan), (nabaddoonno), )( $ /2 )" #/ "/2 '( . # " " # $) # + – (amiir), ó (boqor), (suldaan), á (islaan), á (ugaas), á (gar ad), (malaq) # (wabar) – '. " ) # " , " " &1 . ' 2" ) + + # + '( . # ' # " & .* # )" #/ .* + $ . 2" + , ' 2" . ")$'. # + , ## " 1 2" # . '# +. & $ & '( ., " $ $ 2" " 1 ) # $ 2" 0# ". % + '( + . $ . #) # + . '. 1 2" ) ## " " + " &1 – (Guurti). $ / # + '. " #/ " " ' " " &1 % * .* # # + . " $ + " % " &, . " # # + , 1 1 * -# ' " # , + " " % ( #) % # + . # $ % 0# " $ / + $ " %# "/ " ) # # + , ( ," ') "/ # % " ) % " " " .* # # + , + 2( % " " " 2( 2 0 #/ 2 % " ,– (abbaanduule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– (xeer) – " # ') + % # $ ) 1 " , ' '." + 0 + & .* " 1 &, " #/ .& * " + " ' " + " #/ # .+ % + # + " + + * )& " ): (xeer daaqsato) – #) " ; (xeer qodato) – #) +# #/- ; (xeer dabato) – #) * " ; " 30 (xeer kalluumaysato) – #) .' . + " " +, ) # $ & " % ) #)2" ) '( + #) * + # & * # + . 2" ) (xeer guud). " + # $ )+, " " , " )" ) . " - , % # 2( + ( " . " 1 ), ' , . # " + " #/ & $ & + .& ( ' # ' ".* .* * + $ ' -. " " , .* # + + + ' " % + $ – + #.& (100 '#2 - # * $ .& , # " " & #2" ), $ # +) ' + " )" #/ .# " "/ " # 2 + + - 2. ," + #/ ' #/1 * " .* # + + % " #2 "/ + $ ' & % + + ( , " + # # '* + " . # "/ & (diyo). % & " ., ' "/ # + . # "/ 8 + " " ) # .& % + " )" #/ " + % ( " . 1 ), . +. " &1 + + 0# " +, '# " $ 2" ) $ )+ # + ) #)2" ) ')" #/ .+ #) # ) 0# " 2( + " + . '( " ## " 2 " " " "/ * # % + '( + , $ .& # " " " & '( &. . # # '. " % 2 '( . - #/ & #)- . # + + # - " " ) - #/ ' .+ ( ( .+. # , # ) " " + # & % '( " " & # XX " # " #/ . + ), " #/ % ' . ." + — ) # " .* #) " % '( " % " .* " " , ' - ), " " #/ ) + 1 "/ # + % * # )*. : + " .& " " # + + # &" # # " #/ ) % $ ) & + # . : % . & . #/ " " " $ & " &1 # + " # . + ) # .* ")* " .. & " ., # )* # " #/ % " " " ) % " .* % # " 0 - #/ & ' & " +., + " ) ) )" #/ "/ " &1 # + , ' $ 2( + 0 " + $ .* 0# " * + $ # .+ # + % + , " " # # 1 + # & % '( " . # & + $ # + " # - " + .+ 31 " + 0 - & #/ + + 2. " + $ )+ '.# 0 + 0 #/ .* % #/ .* % " #/ & # " + # , ," * )2" ' & * . % & " ., ' # # ) & & ) " .* + #/ .* 1 + % * # + .* ) & # $ 2 " " " # ) ) $ & " &1 # + , ' - " #/ .* 2$ .* - )* " ., ' #/1 & " " 1 * " ' .* & " & $ .* # ) 2 # % # 0 " , " ) % " # + . ) # + + '( ". + + , . " " , # + . ) ( . 2" ( " ( # #)2( ) # ) # " , - #/ . #/" . ". $ + # & + '( " . # 3.1. . - ( – ' &1 * + # & * ," % , & + $ " " % "/ 5 +# . # , " "/ + ¼ # * + # &- . ' # + % # .+ / # # )" #/ .+ # + + * ) #)2" ) (Abgaal), (Habar Gidir), " (Sheekhaal), (Murusade), (Dagoodiye), (Gaaljecel) (Xawadle). + '( + + " 2" *+ ( «< », $ 1 % # $ " #/ VIII . .,. * % # "% < , 40 . $ ( ) # + ) " " ," % .* . & * +., % ) ," % * * )" " #/ )+. " + + # , " . " . + # + ( , * # ), + " .* " 2" ) % " 1 ' "/) , , &# , " " " . % & " ., # + $ 1 * #/, " . " " )" ) * , # % . # " * ' $ & " ') " #/. ," % .. ," + ' #/1 " + # & * " " 2" ," % * 2 + " .* $ " .* # + , & # + "/2, + ". " & ) . .+ + . < # "/ " 32 . 7. # . # + * #)2" + ( " - " #/ . 2$ . % . + # , 2% % " 2 - 2 . #/1 ) "/ # + * – ," " .. + " " +, + % % $ " # , .* -. 1 * #/, '% #/, * ' -% , + , " )" % " & # $' ( " + # # .* " " *) # )". ' , " % # , 0 # %, ' . " . '( . * # , * " ,, + , , #)2( # 9 ' ## , " $ + 2" ) +# # +, " #/ . '( . '% #/ * ' -% , #)2( ' $ . & . % < '/8, + + ) " +.1#)2" .' # "+. . /+ . + ) * " 2" ) * ' * " * XII ., % " ' %# .& % * . XVI . # . 9 ' ## # 33 % 2( * " " )* " % " * – # + & + + " $ , " .& " + + + '.# " " ". XVII . + % " " )"/ 1 " 2 # + + , ." 1 * + % + # & # + " " + % % , * # ) + $ # .* " & " + )( & " #/ ' #/1 * #" " . # # + # " # & - XIX . # + * #2 # / #/ ' " #/ 2 ' /' , " 2 2% + # %# # 1 &* < ,. " " # * " $ " # 1943 %. « % +# + # &- » (SYL), & + # & & # " & % - , . " 1 & #/ ' $ + % % " , '6 )2( % * % - * * + # &- . &1 & " + # #/ * ( ' # # . + , $ % # + * ' -% + # , - 80-* – # 90 %%. 1# % " #)# $ .* 0 + & '6 % + # & % % ( ) – - # " & % - , .%1 & %# 2 #/ $ " " % $ + ) 1991 % . ," % + " " # * " # + "/ #2 . ". - " #/ .* % * # " # .* " " * + # , " + # " " " . ( # , & + # , " +/ -+ " , # " + ' # ) " " #/ # + ): 1991-95 %%. – # * * + ( + .& ", '% #/), 1995-96 %%. – * + 3 * & ( + .& ", # , * ' -% ), 2000-04 %%. – ' + # < ( + .& ", * ' -% ), 2004-07 %%. – # * + ( +/ -+ " + % " #/ " , '% #/), 2007-09 %%. – < < & ( +/ -+ " + % " #/ " , '% #/), 2009-12 %%. – 9 0 9 &* *+ ( + .& ", '% #/), 2012 %. – < 9 &* *+ ( "3 , '% #/). # % * ' # + " .* + .* + # &* # " #/ , " #)2( * # + * , * )" % # « » (%# + 2( & , 1 * #/), % # 34 « » ('. 1 & (+ * #/), * # ), ' " % ), « « « * #/ 9 , 1 " " * #, (+ " #/ & " «7 +- #/-7$ », * ' » ('. 1 & +, % 1 , '% #/), .& +, % 1 , '% #/), - # « » ( » (%# # 0 " * » (# 0 - #/ ( /)- " + #/+ %, * ' -% ), ('. 1 & # «< '- #/- # +» % - &, * ' -% ), % # ' & /* ' -% ) % . .+ $ )+ # + * ) #)2" ): ( % - ( +, & / * ' -% % < * + / * ' -% #" ' 7$ + , # ' / * ' -% % ' ## * 3 *< / * ' -% % , * + 7 # # /* ' / % % ", # * + ; 0( + ++ # ) 7 / ' / '% #/ / + # % *+ # ' ## % # / '% #/ / + # ' # 0 0 , $ /+ # / % % ", % + #/+ + " - ' ## / ' / '% #/ / # # 9 # + # / # # /+ # #" + *+ < & -* " / '% #/ / + # < & *+ '# «< ' '» ,/ # % ' ## * < 1 3 , 7 '# (+ *+ -* ') / % *+ 3 * «3 &» % % ", 9 * #/ / * ' / % % ", #" 1 &* # % < # % ' *+ < # 0 7 % / # # + 7$ $ ## / $ ' / ' < " ' % % ', #/ $ ,#/ / % ' ## * * + 7 8 - ,/ $ ' /% % ', ' *+ < & 7$ # / % % ', % # $ / $ ' ## % ' #/ # # , #" ' * # + ' # 7#) # + * ) * 1 , # + ) " , " % 2( * " . * $ #) * # ) + % % # 0# " , 2( * + $ # + + + % * ," % , ( " " " " 35 &1 , #/" " #/ – ) #)2" & " ( " " #/ " ( & " - 0 - #/ + +.& " + * ) .* " - & # + * ( % . 1 & ). < ") # . " '# + + 1 " #/ " # " " #/ " ," # ) % - ) . " # ) " 22 1 22 # " + # . & # & % - & * ) #) " ) « ) * » (Hawiye Action Group – HAG), " + # & * ,+ % " , $ 2( * . 4" % " # '' " " . + * , $ % * ' -% , #/ " + $ + . # .+ + * ' /' # "/ + # " HAG " " . # + , $ % + $ " % - #)* # '# ) # " * - & HAG " " # $ ' # " % " " * # + + , ) $ + + # # . 3.2. . - " ( " ., ) 9 # +, . ." , 7 – (8 ) )) + # & ) % # + . 8 # "/ ( + " # + + )+ $ " " % "/ 4 +# . # , " " #) " + 1/5 # * + # &- . &1 + # + + " )" ) (Isaaq)2, (Gadabuursi) # (Samaroon), (Ciise), (Surre), (Biimaal), " (Akisho) # (Guure), (Gurgure). # + #)2" + + # ( + # # ), 2 "/ % , 7$ ' " , + , + /1 & " – %, #/% ,< , $ )) 9 ' ## $ )) 7$ ' . #/ + " " ) 7 $ ( + # ), " % '.# ". . : < &" + « * & ,» (Madaxweyne), < # « ,» (Mahe), # *« # %» (Mandaluug) « ',» (Madoobe). " * 1# + . # + . $ ( ) # + ) * + ," % . , " ) " $ " ' # " 2 + # &2 * * $ ). 36 *) + . ,% # . 8. ( ( * ). # # # # + # , – + " .2" + " + 2% ' " # & &- # "/2. + " " +, " . '( . , % ' , % # , #)2( ' $/ % # , " 2" " + + +. # +, '( . $ ' #- ' ,% % , 1 , $ 2( & ' # & + # , " $ + 2" ) +# # +, . ( ) + ( " % . $ .* -. # + , " . $ " .* % *, " * 7. -7 , < , , 7$ $ % ( 40 ), < % & , 6 , ' , + ( + # # ) 7$ ' " , )". 0 # %, " % # , " " #/ " # " )" % " & # $' . # + , ' + + # & + ," +, % )" ) & " &. " " ), " $ .+ " . % '. # + 37 % , " . # " + # & . # + . " $ &1 . , * # + /1 % * + # &# + .% # %# 2 #/ % " 0 % % . # + " #)# ," 2 .* # + *% " , )1 * ) ," + % – #" " 0 " #/. 7 13 " 2", " * + '.# % 7. -7 , * )( & ) " " + & 40 . $ " , " XIV-XVI . ' . " ) . # + + " % + + # & + # + + , + 0 + " # & * " * " & ' , # % .& + + *+ « &» (Axmed Gurey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« " $ ) + # )# 2" " )# +. " - % 38 + )+ »: * , . *+ , . * ++ , < & , . # , . * , . ' ##., . , . * ++ , . + , . *+ , . # , . ., . 5*6 , . * ++ #/, . # #/, . * ++ #/-7$ , . # #/., . . #/- " + , . 7$ 0 . , . * + #/, . # : & # #/- ' , . + + #/-< & , . # , . ' # ' , . ' #) "" # ' , . ' #) 0 , . < 1 + . + ' +, 1 &* * * # ' -* 1 + # + &1, " + # $ # * ++ . %# " , # & 1 &* * # / +/ . & " * $ . " &$ . + % , * 1 & % + " .* # + , # / ' *+ , + #, 2' , " % & $ . – '. ' – # / , *+ , * + '% +. ," + 1 1 " * # + # #)2" ) ' #/1 * % .– (Habar Magaadle) " (Habar Habuush), " "/ " + 1 &* 15 * , $ . % $ . ' & . +.+ + % # .+ # )" #/ .+ # + + ) #)2" ) (Habar Yoonis), (Habar Awal) (Habar Jeclo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( ) , % , , $ ", ( ,' ., + % , &2, - " . ,' * . . , 47 % #/ # + + 0# – + % + % " .+ +, * # "/ " % " # ). #)2" + $ / 7$ '. 9 ' ## " #.& # & ' $ , + ) /, %# .+ ' +, + % + # % % " % " , + /1 & " – '#2 # , " $ .+ +# # +( " * & *, % + $ ). + #/ + % #/ + 0# " 2" 1 &* -7 % #) 7 & + , " .& ) '. * # ) + *+ ( «< #», " " 2 / * # ' % # + &1 ) #)# ) " + + ' . . %# )+, 1 &* 7 % #) '.# + . &, " " .* 1# + . # + % #/ + 0# ( # " # # # ): " # 3 +# . ( . . 12. ( # 48 #/1 " # + * & '( 2" ) + $ ' & ) . ( # ), " .& + " "# " ) " + " % ) . + # " #) )" ) " #/ .+ + # &- + . + " % , # + , , , " )( ) % #/, % )" * # " * ) . + # – , , , " " " . '( " " & " # + * & + " ' " . "# " .* # + + # , # % 2( + + " .* ) #) ") " , '( . * & , $ 2( " ) # & " " , ( '6 )2" ) # + +#) " . ," + + ) # + * & " . 2" " " 2 * $ ). + , # +) #) " - " #/ 2 "/ &, – & 7 0 " ( # & ) $ )) 9 ' ## . . # + * & #)2" ) " " #/ + -" " , + +. (gambar). # + % #/ + 0# + + " .* '( #2 2" & " $ 2( " & $ " " '( ., " # 1 ) " % * + # & * # + # ," % . + , " # + . 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"# ' ) '( " # " % " & " + + # # * " ) #/ & " . ." ) 2012-13 %%. + % " & & " +. ) '( * .' " # . #/1 " $ & " &1 # + * " , " $ . # " , ) " # / 2 .' + % " & & " 36 +. . ," + .' . # + " /2 " % $ % + $ 74 * # # + " #)2( * ) # + ,# + *+ , " # #' * " - &« # + # / $ )+ & " &, "# # + . 2014 %. .+ " ' # '. 1 % * + # « », * )( % # +) + * % *, + /1 * ", % # – # " " # $ "' &» " - " + : . " ". &1 + " " " #/ # " - " +/ .* $ " # # , " #) + -+ "# " " ". '% + /* " / . " " , # + * " – " " " , #$ # + " "# . + # .& " "# ' ( # "/ # 2 - #/ -, + 2 # " " * % # ) " + , #2 ) ," + /1 " , + " ' "/ ) ) # )+ " &' # + " + . " " $ ) * + & # # ". + " #/ " #/ # " .* # + "# . # " % , $ # #$ "/ + " " * # % # " * # & " + < " + , " $ . # # + + " + " # + + % , + * ,, " # .+ " #/ " " + . , % $ " $ % 0 + ) % ' " + " " *, " « », % 1 " , " # '. & " «" * & + .»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– )) " - ) ) % % + # & + # + # 2 ( + 20 2#)). 4" " /1 "+ # ) " 2-3 & + ' #/1 * " , " + " * ," - + # % .+ )+ . & % . 0% & ( . $ )) 9 ' ## ) % & " $ $ # ) " #/ .+ # .+ ' )+ ( )+ $ +) + + + # .* + # &- . ' $/ " % 1 ," '.# )" " "/ + . + ) ( ) $ "/ ' . " " # +% 0 + " # + . # + % * + # &" "/ ) " ," * " - &. 4. +. E. Cerulli, “Somalia: Scrutti vari editti ed inediti, vol. 1” (1957); I. M. Lewis, “The Somali Conquest of the Horn of Africa” (1960), “Peoples of the Horn of Africa” (1955). 5. +. H. Lewis, “Origins of Galla and Somali” (1966); H. C. Flemming, “Baiso and Rendille: Somali outliers” (1964); E. R. Turton, “Bantu, Galla and Somali Migrations in the Horn of Africa: a Reassessment of the Jubba/Tana Area” (1975); L. Cassanelli, “The Shaping of Somali Society” (1982); Bernd Heine “A Linguistic Geography of Africa” (2008). 6. +. Mohamed Nuuh Ali, “History in the Horn of Africa, 1000 B.C. – 1500 A.D.: Aspect of Social and Economic Change Between the Rift Valley and the Indian Ocean” (1985); Cristopher Ehret, “The eastern Horn of Africa, 1000 B.C. to 1400 A.D.: The Historical Roots” (1995). 7. +. Abdalla Omar Mansur, “The nature of the Somali Clan System”; Abdi M. Kusow, “The Somali Origin: Myth or reality”; 77 Mohamed Haji Mukhtar, “Islam in Somali History: Facts and Fiction” (1995); Ali Abdirahman Hersi, “The Arab Factor in Somali History” (1977). 8. +. J. Sanches, “High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males” (2005). 9. " . + # & " . 2" % *+ «< #», % – < # ' , (Hiil Abroone), " "/ – + % (Ram Nag). # % 2", " '.# + .* + #/+ , # 1 * ) VII . " + % : &# , * )( + ) + % + # # . )+ ' * " , «< #» '.# * + # & + # ; ( . ). 10. )* " .* + # & * # + + + + # ' + " ) ( . «< # », + +.& , " 1 & ) '. #/ + + . ( " 2" " $ # $ ), " «< #» '.# "- +, # 1/ '( + + + # ' . 11. ! " % " ) % ) + $ )" )+ « # +)», « # + "/» « » + # &( "". + 2 0 . . /2 , % . + # &* " .* # + (," % .) + % " ". "/ 30 # &, # + – 20 # & ' # . 12. # . + + # &" )" ' " % + # , + "+ . " . ' # # + " . + # &-. # 2" ( , " " '#) " ) + " ' " .+ + + + $ " " "/ + ' +0 + # , # + & " + + . + : # ' ( # «7, ,»), % # – ' " +) # , – +) "- , ' – +) «7, ,» (" "/ « #% ) .&») – ( . +) $ ( # .* + $ + ) " ). 13. 4" / " +, " ) . + # ," % % " « 7 +» (Diraa dhabay), " "/ " + + " , % 7 # +#2 8 /8, '.# % 7 -7 . 14. '# + # # '.# %# 1 + 1991 %. % . 6 - " # " $ & % * # + , * 1 * " + # & % #/ % $ ) ( 7), " .% # $ 2 #/ $ " " % $ + ,. " * 78 + -0 " + # , % + # # " + $ % ' # ). 15. " " " ( ) " " " , & " + #/ 0 " , #/ * % 0 # # % # % 2", " # habar, " " ) )* + # & * # + , +" & % ) . " " #/ « $ # ) $ ( , + "/», « + & " ». ," + )* # + " " ) .+ ' # 1 " '#) + + # reer. 16. « #/+ » (Kulmiye) – )( ) " ) + # # , ' 1 ) " * .' * 2 2010 %. '+ 2002 %. 2012 %. .' * + " . % . # " " $ '.# &, # % ) . # # # " % * # " * % - & + # # . 3 - ) « #/+ » + " " #/ ' #/1 " # + " . 4" " ) $ " ) + ( " # + + * ' #/ * ' - $ ,# ( ). 17. « » (Waddani) – .* " & + # # , ' ")' 2011 %. ' 0 " « ». .' + + " . % . # " 2012 %. ) . # # . # " '. 1 & )( & " « '». .' * 2012 %. « » )# 2- + " # # " " " . ) 2013 %. ) . 1# # . ( & & % – « + » (Umadda). . " ) « » ) #) " ) .+ # " + + )( & " ' /' # "/ + # # . " ) + ( " $# + * ' -& % * # + . 18. « » (UCID) – ) - #- + " ) " ). 2# 2011 % " # # / 0 - , " .* # # " 2 % - 2 « ». + + , )# 3+ " .' * + " . % . # " 2012 %. ") + $ % ## , * ' -& % * # + . 19. # " ) % - ) « '» (UDUB) ' 2# 2001 %. 7 2#) 2010 %. '.# )( & " & + # # , 1 & ) $ + ( " # + * ' #/ % ' . # 2012 %. $ " % .& , ) + "/ # = 1# . 79 « #/+ » « ». .' * 2012 %. " " " # " " " . 20. « - +' » – # + " ) - # " ) % , * 1 ) " 2 # + * % «< ' #/- # +». 2009 %. # # / 0 - : %# < + « » # / « 1-9 ' '», % ) %# *+ + « ',» $ # 3 + # #2 # / ' /' " « 1-9 ' '» 2% + # . ")' 2012 %. % « - +' » %# *+ + « ',» + " & + & + .' # ' « 1-9 ' '» + & %# # ) 2% + # % 0 #/ % % 7$ ' # . $ . 0 + ) « - +' » 0 + 2" ) + + # $ # + % % * # + ' +,. 21. +. Mohamed Xaji Mukhtar “Historical Dictionary of Somalia” (2003). 22. ' $/ + + # . 2" " " 2 ' % & % , ") 1 2 ) " # 1 &*, # $ % " % 1 , # - +' , * )( % ) % &. " ," " " ) ) #)# / & "/2 # % ' $/) * # , ") 1 % ) (8 #/1 2% +' . 23. .* -. $ , & , "# 2" ) " & 1"/2 % & .: $ " + .+ # + (jareer ) . + # ), ' # " + & $ &, # " "/2 " # # $ ), ' #/1 + " +, 1 + + " # ".+ % ' + , " % #) ' #/1 " " " # & + # * " . «,0 » ". # - , . & " " & " # # $ . 24. ) % % 1 , + & * )" ) . * # , " .& XIII . '.# .+ ) .+ ' $/ . 25. +. Mohamed M. Kassim “Aspects of the Banadir Cultural History” (1995). 26. +. Anita Adam “Benadiri People of Somalia” (2011). 27. 7 ) 0 - ) # " , $ & " &1 + # & * # + , " ) 1 ) ) 2000 %. % " (7$ ' " ), % # # ". #) .* ,"* % + # 0 + # + " " # 80 % * % % " & # " : ". + .+ % + # + – * , , ( + " ) * & – '.# . # . . "., " #/ . # + « )" & % .» # # # " & ".. ) " + # ) + " % " .* % * # " + # # # 0 - #/ « " + 4,5». 28. # (reer) " " " ) " .* )* + # & * # + . ," + # . " # ' #/ % # + ( ), # ' + " % $ ), + , , -* # , -' &. 29. 7 + ," + " " .' 2" + 1 , " #)) '. 30. " +.& + # &- + ' ) ' ) #2 " " % # ) # " . . # " + # " 2" ," " ' ) .+ $ "+ 1# % ' 2" ) % #2 ) .* " - &. " $ +) )" ) + #/+ " ' ) + #/ * ) " ) * + # & * ," % * + " . 31. .* * & , # « + # » 1# " # " ) «sac maal», " ) . + & "« ». ( & ," + # % ," % # # $ +) + 0 % + # &– + # . 32. '# " #/ ) # "/ # ) + + # & * # " & ( # )) '. "# " ) ' #/1 2 " ). 33. 7 . % ++. " ) " % +.1# & # ". + # 2013 %. 34. ' " #/ .& " « " 1 #.» + "" " ." + # #/ * ". ) 1 # " # ' # " % #/ % ' ) 1 +# . " & " 2013-16 %%. "0 " ) UNICEF. 35. «7 +- #/-7$ » ( ' % ) . – « $ ) /») – " " #/ + ) # + " ) % , " # 1 ) ) " % « #/- # *» () &« "/ -+ #/+ » + # ) 2006 %. * 1 ) 2 # + * . " «7 +- #/-7$ » * " + # " " # & + # & & " ## % # .* % . " " & " "/ ." , ) / $ " &1 '% #/, 1 * #/ 81 " .* % * # + * . " + % ) #)2" ) + % " ". " " % 1 . «7 +#/-7$ » 0 - #/ # " 0 2 + (/ " &" . 36. " + 2013 %. # " % "# , . " ' *+ «3 # », " # / " "/ .' * " " " ) " + .* # &, '* +.* #) * ), # " #/ , ) ' #/1 & )" "/2 + .* 1 & * % # ). 82 $ ) / : Abdalla Omar Mansur, “The nature of the Somali Clan System” (1995). Abdi M. Kusow, “The Somali Origin: Myth or reality” (1995). Ali Abdirahman Hersi, “The Arab Factor in Somali History” (1977). Ali Jimale Axmed “The Invention of Somalia” (1995). Cristopher Ehret, “The eastern Horn of Africa, 1000 B.C. to 1400 A.D.: The Historical Roots” (1995). Dastuurka Ku-Meel-Gaarka ee JFS (2012), Dastuurka Puntland (2012), Dastuurka Qaranka Somaliland (2001). E. R. Turton, “Bantu, Galla and Somali Migrations in the Horn of Africa: a Reassessment of the Jubba/Tana Area” (1975). Helen Chapin Metz, “Somalia: A Country Study” (1992). H. Lewis, “Origins of Galla and Somali” (1966). I. M. 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'( 2" ) # " * ) .+ &. $. 7$ ' (7 '# ) … ( , - Dir , # # 7 ( # 20%) ," % Dir Madow Dirirsame Dis ow 7 7 7 -+ ’ ’+, Doqondiide Dubays 7 ’ 7 ’' & ’ ’ , ( + " + &1 * + # & * 7 ' ,/ % #/6 4 #/ $ ,#//* < $ # /+ 0# " + # # , 7$ ' " , % (7$ $ % , 7 7 ,7 # )+ $. 7$ ' , $. 9 ' ## , < , %, #/% &, $. 9 ' ## ;% + # # 4 #/ $ ,#//* % # /* " / < , $. 7$ ' < &# , % #, " 7 ’ ' 7 ’'# Duruqbo 7 ’ Duub Dheere Dha riyo (Muu-se Dhaariyo) Dhaayoow Dhabarweyne Dharooye 7 '- ,’ , 7 ’ 8 + *+ #, #/% (+ #.& ," ' 7 8 7 ' ’& , 7 ’& /+ # %/ -* '/* 7 % #/ ' & (+ #.& ," ' & / 7$ % % ) ) ,/ (+ #.& ," $ ## / $ ' / ',/* . #. – 4 +# . #. ( + " ). % * )" + # & # + , #) 1 #.& " ". 0 " #. + ( " )" & – " " . # + 1 " # . " #/ " * + # , + # # , 7$ ' " 4. # +) + # . % < , # " %# .& # - " #/ " .* " #/ " % # , "# . - % ( $. 9 ' ## ) % ( + &) + # # ) , ! " Dudub Duduble #1 # # +) " # + # , * ") "/ % 2" # + " . & " )" & – % $ - " #/ " &1 + # . … ( # Dhulbaahante , - , # 7 #' * ’ " ( + 4’+ 4’ , 4’&# < 9 Faarax Garaad Facaye Faranjecle 3 3 3 Fardaanoow 3 7 #' * ",/* " / ,/ 7$ $ ## / $ ' % % ',/* 4 7 % /* Ferole Fiqi ilmi Fiqi Cumar 3 # 3 ’ - ’#+ 3 ’ - + ’ Fiqi Maxamed 3 ’ -+ * + #, ". 0# Eemid Erdh (Irdhe) Eyl $ # /+ 0# " - # + / % #/ 0# + /+ # %/ + #//+ ,/ 1. ' & / ,/+ ,/ 2. 9 * #//* '/* ' ## / ,/+ ,/ " " , ! #. – %, & , 800 ". . #. # +) " % , , ". # ' /' " ' " * # % + $. 7$ - " - XIX – # XX . . ' + % % $ $ 2" " + < " + " 3 . # +) " # " #/ " * + # , "# + # # . &( & ' , + + % # # +) + 0# . * ' ), , . % " -" #/ * + 9 &* + 7$ ' «7$ á » % " 2012 %. %# #) " # + " + # . #/1 " " &1 # + – ;:3 . &, # ( , ,) & # # # +), " /1 " # / ," + + /1 " +, % " .+ )" + '.# * " . #, & % , #/% < , &, # " / +',/ '# # */ < el y 4’# & ( # (Cali Madoobe) + ',) *-% & $ ’,# " + #1 / .- . % 2 # ;% + 1. % . + + # #/% , 2% # , % ,- " . # 2. ;% , 2% + # … ( , - Fiqi Khayre 3 Fiqi Shini Fiqi Walaal Fiqi Xirsi Fiqi Yacquub Fiqi Yaxye Fool ulus 3 -1 ’ 3 - # ’# 3 -* ’ 3 -) ’' 3 -)*6 3 #- ’# Fuurlabe 3 ’ # ', Gaada Neceb Gaadsan ’ ’ - ,,’' Gaalboore Gaaljecel Gaashaanbuur 1 Gaboobe Gabooye ' ’', ' ’& Gabtaanle '" ’ # ( + , # -* ’& , # ## / ' " + ,/+ ,/ 3 $ / $ ' # /* ' & / ,/ $ " /* " / * / ,/ ' & / ,/+ ,/ ,/ # /* / < # /* + #//+ ,/ #/' ’ , #/ $ ,’#/ < +,/+ ' ’ 1. 2. % 4 0# /* 4 % # / % # / 6)* / #' * #.& ," *+ -* " / ", " #1 " , % ,- " . & . + # #, * # , % % % , % " # # + " + # . % , $. 9 ' ## 7$ ' " , # # 7 % – * ## . ( + # # ) < # ( ' ,), , # +) " # " #/ " + # . % (7 % *' ) # # +) " # " #/ " * . $. 9 ' ## ,< , . + # 7$ ' # , * ") + % % $. 7$ ' ( " &1 . $ 2" #/ .* + & ) # + " . $ * % " &1 . % 1 ' / % # . " ( ) 2" * $ " + # # . < ( #) + # # , ".& )" & – * " + # . # , % 1 . " 2" ') " + + * 1 " , # 1 ) + # IV . , ' #/1 " + + -# &- % ' & + 2" ) ' # ) - #/ + " " % . ! #. – 50 ". . #. , % … ( , - Gadabuursi (Samaroon) Galgalo Galimeys (Cabdi Kuumade) Gameedle ' ’ ( + #/% ’# # + ’& ( ' - + Gariire Garjante ’ , $ ’ ", Garsiis Garwaali Garweyne ’ " + , + ' ## #, ,/ '# # */ " # #, . % $ % ), #, ' # &, ( - 7$ 7$ ' " #.& ," .9 - " , ' # + % # # +) # %. " # " #/ " * + # , + # # % % 40 . " . + #. + # &+ . % ,) + ’ # ’ -2’ ,’ , ( + # %/ ’ ) Garaad Yusuf Gardheere Garre , # # #1 (+ #.& ," 0 < 4 % # /* * 1. 2. ) " / 5 & ,/ # + * (+ #.& ," , 7 % #/6 ’# ,’& , 7 ' ',/+ ,/ 7$ /* /+ 1. % # / 2. 7 ' ',/+ ,/ 0# 4 ( $. 9 ' ## ) %, < &# ;% % , .- . +. ), , . $. 7$ ' ;$ .& % 1. ;% % , .- . +. ) ), , . $. 7$ ' 2. * + # & * # + . $. 9 ' ## , $. 7$ ' , ! #. – 100 ". . #. &% , (4#/), & " 2" ) * /) 7$ '.. , '( 2"( & ' ,7 , ) ' + # " – 0-% ,, '# + * ' ), % ) . + . , .- . ) % # # +) " # " #/ " + # . 1. %, 2. % … ( , - Garxajis * ’ $ Gasar Gasaargude Gawaawin (Goboweyn) Geledi (Galadi) ,& ) #,’ Gendershe (% - ’ Geedi Fad Geedi ’ Ge lidle (Geledle) ’# Geelwaaqle Geel Walaal Geesagule (Ciise Harti) ##- ) 0# 9 * #//* '/* +',/ '# # */ -0 , 4# &/+ / # # # ’# % ’# ( -* " ) 0# 0# - # %/ / +',/ '# # */ 2 ( , #, 2% , - %, < ' * " &, # +) . " # " #/ " + # . $. 9 ' ## 1# + # )" #/ # +). XVIII . # + $ / 9 ' ## 7$ ( 0% & ) '. & #" ", " .+ 1920 %. # " ) ' . #, " 2" ') " + + ' % 1 &* + 7 . # +) " # + " #/ " + # . # +) " # " #/ " , $. 9 % – , - - + . ' ## , . $. + # . 7 % 7$ ' , % % , $. 7$ ' , .- . ) & 7$ ' " , # #, # &, ( ,,), . $. 7$ ' % 7$ ' " , # % , "# % 7 % #/ " , % % & % * & ,/ 0# 1 Geri " + # + , % ’ , ' ( + , # # #1 … ( , - , # # Gidir ’ Gil ale Gosha # ’# ’1 Goorad Go ygaal Gorg ate (Gorgaarte) ’ &% ’# % ’", ( + " + " % (< , , + &) & ( - 7 &) 7 # . 7$ ' # 7$ " 0# , & , ## / ,/+ ,/ / % #/ &1 ) % # + * ' " + ' .* XIII-XIX . % ’', $. 9 ' ## " 2% + # , = % $ " /* " / )% # + + ’ ' ’ % ’ , Gutaale Guudle " ’# ’ # Guudway ’ & Guulane ’# , < ' $ " /* " / -& / 5 * & ,/ ,/+ ,/ 9 * #//* 7$ % % " , - # + * ' ( +,), #6 , . + " + # && # " . " . '( . ," & ., $ 2( 40 , % #)2" + . #. # , , #, 2% % .- . ) #. # + $ # , ' - ,, $ $ #, # , + # . " . '( . ," & % ., $ 2( 40 , % #)2" + . % . % $ % ,7 $ *, % , (7$ - ! #. – -7 ) " # # +) " % 2 $ ## / $ ' ',/* / ' "# < * Gumasoor Gunbuur Gurgure # + , % % Guddoonwaaq Gugundhabe #1 , $. 9 ' ## # / ( $ * + # # ) # )" 130 ". . " #/ " #. 4. + . # +) % ," … ( # Guure (Akisho) , ’ ,( Haatim Haashin < ’" + < ’1 Habar Awal (Subeer Awal) < ’' ( ' & - Habar afaan < ' - 0 ’ Habar Ciise Habar Eji Habar Deel Habar Gidir (Madarkicis) < ' < ' < ' < ' (+ -,’ $ - ,# -% ’ ’ ) Habar Habuush < ' , # ’1 ) * & / ( + " + 5 #, +. , 1 $ * + # # ) $ *, ' # &, % , , * #/, % ( - 7$ $ % ) #, # #, . % $. . 7$ ' #/% % #/% , %, , . $. 9 ' ## , % ( , ) ( /+ # %/ * / ,/ & /* ' -% /* ,/+ ,/ < '/% % ",/* -* ' ’1 " ) ’#/ #/) + " % , ' # & (+ #.& ," / #1 # + , + # # . " # &1 # # +) " " #/ " " « . 9 + # #/+ ». +. % " # . ! #. – 1 +# . #. 1990-* %%. # +) ' " ) %# " + # & & # (2014 %.) " . + -" #/ " " " # # + )# ". + " #/ & ' " + " " #) 7. ! "/ $ & # + $ 2" # 0 " . #. # + * ' - $ ,# " #- $ ,# . % Habar Jeclo < ' - $ ’,# ,< % %, ,: #, . . % Habar Mag adle < ' + % ’ # Habar Wadaag < ' - )% # + + # # , , # % ’% 7$ % % $ ## / $ ' ',/* / < . .* # + , + 2( $ . ". " #/ " + # # , #2 ) " " . #. # + * ' #/, * ' -& , % # , 2', . … ( , # - # ’# -& ’ , # Habar Walaal Habar Yoonis < ' < ' Hadam < ’+, 0# Har w Hariin < < ’ ’ 0# Harti < ’ " Hawiye < Hawlqaade Hawraarsame < < Hayaag < )’% Heledle < # < ,/ $ * / ( + " + / # + 7$ ' " , # ". + # # ( % , , %), % ( 1 + ) #, + 0# 7 1. ’ # # +, # . 7$ .- . ;.-:. + . 9 ' ## &1 * + # & * = " 2% 2% % , " , ’ &, &, )% # + +',/ '# # */ 2. '% #//+ # /* ( 25%) ," -% 1. 2. / " * / ,/ ' & (+ #.& ," ) *- % # / #' * ",/ * " / '# # */ 0# 7$ ' " 1. , 2% 2. + # # #, & &, #1 " # +), " " #/ " * + # , " + # # # . # +) " # " #/ " + # . 7 % – , -' &. ' , # +) " # " #/ " + # . + # , 1. + ) + % # ) % # + , "# ( 2,5 +# . #.). " # + + # " " )+ " .& % #. 2. ! "/ # + +',/ , + % 1 ) - " #/ . - . + # 1 -1 ) ( " '% #/. 0 #/ + # + " * " - '% #/ . # 3+ " . + # , ! #. – .& 5 +# . #. )" & – " " . 1991 %. * + 2" #2 - . ". - " #/ .* % * # " # .* " " * + # , " + # " " . 7 % – # # . % " # # + " + # . . 7$ ' … ( Hiifmuge Hiilibi , # < 0+ %, < ’# ' Himidoor Hinjiile Hinjiye (Nuux Cumar) Hintire < + ’ < $ ’# < $ ( + ) < " ’ , Hiraab (Daame) < ’' ( ’+,) Hordare Hawle Hoolle (Howle) < ’ , < ’ # < ’## Hoon Hooroone < < Hubeer < ' ’ Idigfacle Idilmuge Idow , # " - # + ,/ 9 %0 ’# #+ ’%, / " + % #/ # /* " /* " / # + + 0# *+ -* " / +',/ '# # */ 3 1. 7$ ' ## /* 2. #6 / ' +,/ $ *- % &1 ) % ",/* % * / #/ / < ’ , ( + / & / /+ 7 % #/ # + 0# + 0# 6 " /* " / % # /* " / &/+ 0# $ " $. 9 ' ## #/% , $. 9 ' ## "# &, % # 1. $. 9 ' ## , 7$ ' , 2. $. 7$ ' , .- . ) = " #/ . 2$ . + # , % % % 7$ ' " , #, . % &, # 7$ ' " , # #, . % #, . $. 7$ ' , % % &, # #1 " ! "/ # 0 " . # . & # + 0 #/ 1+ " . , $ #. # + ' #/1 + ' #-* ,, # & # +) % .* $ # + ,* " . - " " + . #. # + + # , * ' -% , 1 * #/ '# . XVII . ," # + # & + + " - " #/- & " + % + # . . * ' + 2" #2 . ". 0 #/ .* % * # " . 4" # +) 7 % ( " )" – 0 # ',. + . … ( , - Ijaaje Ilaabe Ilawaay Ina Mage Iramage Isaaq , # # $ ’ $ # ’', # ’& -+ ’%, + ’%, < ’ ’1 " + ’## ' ’ + ’ * ’ 1 ’', 7$ ’ $ Jaamac Siyaad 7$ ’+ - .* ( * ," % (+ #.& ," $ " /* " / +',/ '# # */ + #//+ ,/ < ' -& / < # /* #.& ," ) Ja rso 7$ ’ Jajeelle (Jijeelle) 7$ $ ’## " + ,/+ * & / - ,/% % ',/* # /* '/* % # / + #//+ ,/ + # & Iskaashato Ismaaciil Saleebaan Ismiin Isxaaq Isharabe Jaaji ( + 7 #' * ",/* #/ / 7$ ' /% % " / % % 1 $. 9 ' ## , $. 7$ ' + # ( + # # ), .& % + + ) % "/ – 2,5 +# . #. ( + ) + )% # + + # # ). + % %# 1 ) 1991 %. + " #2 . ". % * % " & # " # .* " " * ," & & '# . # + " $ " # . " #/ " 3 . .& )" & – " " . ! # % # 0 & $. 9 ' ## $ * < , % ' $/ $. 7$ '. #, * # " +. , -+ , + ) 4" , #, &, $. 7$ ' , $. 9 ' ## , % < , 1 , % ',/* " ,< $. 9 ' ## . 13%) " #1 # +) # " #/ " "# /8. ( " )" + . . … ( , # jambaluul # 7$ +' # ’# , Jambeel 7$ +' ’# ( '(Cabdi Koombe) - ’+',) Janbeelle 7$ ' ’## Jareerweyne (Ooji) 7$ , ( ’ $ ) " - # + 9 # + " * * % , $. 7$ ' , , ',/* , , < &, #. # + $ , * " ,, ,. '. $ ' ## , $ 2( 40 , % #)2" + . " + * # ' # + ' " , .* ' + " % - + XVIIIXIX . # 7$ '. ," # + .2" «% 1 ». ! #. – 1 +# . #. & )" & – +# # . # + $ , & , " # . " #/ " * + # 7$ ' # . ( " % " $. 9 ' ## , ( , ,) , $. 7$ ' % #/ 9 ' # 30 # + , 7 # . 7$ ' )( * " " .* ' ## ’& , 7$ ' ’ / " + +',/ '# # */ ' Jibedi ( + #1 #, % Jibril Abokor Jibril Yoonis Jidwa q 7$ ' ’#' ’ 7$ ' #-& 7$ ’ 1. < ' #// 2. < ' - $ ,# / * #// + / # + ' + / + ,/ Jiiddo 7$ ’ 7 % #/6 + # # #, # # % ( - . 7$ $ % , 3 0 ), #, . . 7$ ' $. 9 ' ## , . 7$ ' , &, 2% % #. # + ' #/, ' " , )' ,. * # + , % #) +.* % . & )" & – +# # . '( 2" ) ' + # " ) . + & – 0- $ . # +) " # " #/ " + # . ! "/ " &1 $ $ 2" # + " . … ( , # Jiidle 7$ ’ # Jiiraan 7$ Jilible 7$ ’# '# % ’ Jire Jiroon 7$ 7$ , Jurtub 7$ " ’' Juunji 7$ ’ Kaariye Kablalax , # ’ ( + " + +',/ '# # */ 0# # %/ /+ 0# < '% #//+ ’ ’'# # * #( /* # ) # /* &1 ) % # + Kaboole ' ’# Kafaayo 0 8 7$ , & , (+ #.& ," Karanle ’ # < Kasaanle ’ # 9 " - # + " " " #/ # + < + 2014 %. ' . + # . , + *+ " " . 1 &* < "+ "- % (+ #.& ," $ " , 2% % , .- . ) " + # #, . 7$ ' ',/* #1 / % #/ ) $ ), , . 9 ' ## $. 9 ' ## ( ) % (3 ) % , "# , ! #. – $. . 7$ ' , " & – .- . ) +', . 7$ ' , . 9 ' ## ( 4 +# . #. " + & +. )# + ,. $. 9 ' ## ) % (< , , - ! #. – 500 ". . #. & ' # , + &, 3 ), # " " ) - < , , " #/% (4#/), + % # % - " . - . + 40 # % " , . $. # . )" + . 9 ' ## $. 9 ' ## , ## " # + , * 0+ %,. … ( , - , # # Kaskiqabe ’', < ( + " / '# # */ " + , % " ’ 1 ’+', /" ,/ )% # + '# # */ 7$ $ ## / $ ' / % % ',/* # /% % ',/* )% # + '# # */ # Kulmiye #/+ ’ Kuuloow Kuumade # + , Khaalid < ’# Khayre Laba iyo toban koofi (12 koofi) Layiile < & , ' - 8-" ' 0 & ’# Leelkase ,’# Leysaan & Libangashe Liboobe Lo’doon ' % ’1 ' ’', - ’ *- % # / #' * ",/ * " / '# # */ < ,/+ * & / # -+ , * & ,/ ,/ ’ 0# " / '# # */ #6 /% % ",/* 4 < # /* < % $. # " , # Korshe Koombe .& % , "# , . 7$ ' , + #.* # + " #/ " # , .- . % , $. 7$ ' , .- . # #, & #1 #. # + * # . * " ,% * " , "# , $ . " - , $ +' # ) 2,5 +# . . ! #. – +, % # + & . , #. #. # + '- % . % , + # # % , % ( #/ % ', #/& ), % #, $. 7$ ' &, . 7$ ' , , "# (3 , ' # ) < , $. 7$ ' (7 '# ) % % «12 $ # + &». ' #/ " ) + + % # # +) " , ( 0,5 +# . #.). " " # " #/ " * + # "# . " 1 ) # + + * " – ") ". . # +) " # " #/ " + # . " &1 . $ 2" ;:3 . … ( # Looboge (Aw Axmed) , # - ’' %, ( *+ ) Luwaay Maadey Maahe ’& ’ ,& ’, Maalin Guur Maalism ge Maamiye Maatay Macalinweyne # -% ’ # + ’%, ’+ ’" & # ’& , Maceeye Madarkicis ,’& * Madiigan % Madoobe ’', Madhiba n (Maxamed Gorgaate) * + 9 * #//+ 2 /+ 0# / ' +,/ ,/" ,/ - ,/% % ',/ * 7 % #/ < /+ 0# % # - ,/% % ',/ * '/ % % ",/* < ’& , ' ’ (+ - % % ",) " + " # /* 0# # / $ # + ’ Madaxweyn ( + , )% # + ,/ # + #.& ," 10 5 " #1 " , $. . 7$ ' , $. 9 ' ## , ,< #, & # % , + # + ) + % # ) % # + # ,- " . + - ( 3,5 +# . #.) #. # + , ' 8# , .- . ) + #/, ,, ' ', . % % ( #/ & , 4&#) % . 7$ ' , & +. ' , #, , . 7$ ' % = " . +. # + * ' -% + # % + + # #. # + % % ,, 1 ,# & # ,% # , .- . ) ,, ' %, &, * ,, )*6 . + # # , "# . % , +. # + 7$ ' " , # + # # , & )" & – . + # . " 2" ') " + + * 1 " , % #, # 1 ) + # IV ., ' #/1 " + + # &+ 2" ) ' # ) - #/ ) % . … ( , - Mag adle Maganlabe Mahadle Mahuraan Majeerteen , # # % ’ # % # ’', * ’ # ’ $ " ’ ,/ *+ -* " / +',/ / 7$ , & , < " / +',/ Makaahiil * ’#/ 1. 2. 3. Makan ’ , Makeyl Mandaluug 1. 2. &# # ’% Maqaabil ’' #/ Maqlisame Mareexaan # * ’ ’+, ( + % 7 / + -+ / #/ $ ,#//* #.& ," $ " /* " / + /+ # %/ # + / ' '# /* ,/ +,/ '/* " + " " % 7$ ' " , . 9 ' ## .- . + # ( , % #, + & , % ( # , ". % , # # 7$ $ % $. 9 ' ## 1. < 2. # # . % , + 7$ ' $. 7$ ' , ) #/% % ( , #/% + & #1 * , + # & * # + . # #.). %), # ) # +) % . * " ( 2 +# . " ) # " "# " # -+ + * %# + # & & # " . &1 & # + + . &1 * " #, 1. $ *, , "- # +. # + % ' ( + ). .- . , ), , .* # + (' # 1 +# . #.), " * )( # " . 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"Problem of Western Sahara: myth and reality" by N.Pogornova 252. "From the two-block system to the emergence of the ruling party: (socio-political trends in Israel after the elections for the nineteenth Knesset and the formation of Benjamin Netanyahu’s third government)" by Alek D. Epstein 253. "The Contemporary Middle East" , 47 (collection of essays) Internet: www.iimes.ru 145 + . . & "! ' ' 60 90/16. $ ! ,1 100 115114, $ " 19.05.2014 $. . ! «( / , 2- " ! # . 9,25 . . . , 14 $» ., 12 . .