тезисы докладов - Морской Гидрофизический Институт

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Kornyychuk Y., Özer A., Yurakhno V., Öztürk T. Current status of the
Black Sea whiting, Merlangius merlangus L., 1758, infection with
parasites ...................................................................................................110
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Mazlumyan S. On modeling of marine ecosystem integrated in a society
processes..................................................................................................207
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galloprovincialis
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Churilova T., Suslin V., Moncheva S., Kryvenko O., Manjos L.,
Dzhuly A., Newton A. Intensity, area extent and frequency of
coccolithophores Emiliania huxleyi blooms in the Black Sea:
application of remote sensing approach ..................................................264
Suslin V., Churilova T., Moncheva S., Slabakova V., Dzhuly A., Newton
A. The Black Sea regional algorithm of estimation of chlorophyll a
concentration and light absorption by colored detrital matter using
color scanners (MODIS and MERIS) data ..............................................265
12
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Podymov I., Podymova T. Anomalous Natural Phenomenon at the Coastal
Zone of Azov Sea // Global Congress on ICM. Lessons Learned to Address
New Challenges (Proc. EMECS 10 Medcoast 2013 Joint Conf.).– Turkey,
Ankara: Bizim Dijital Matbaa, 2013.– Vol.1.– P.655-664.
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Depart. of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Purdue University, 2010.– 40 p.
,
,
tpodymova@inbox.ru, podymov@coastdyn.ru
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.– 2012.– 1/13.– C.15-23.
. Microsoft ® Robotics Developer Studio.
.– .:
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.,
.
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.– 2008.– 1/15.– C.49-50.
-
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coast area / IC Marine Research Horizon 2020.– Varna, Bulgaria, 2013.– .43.
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51
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2
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.1.
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50
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2007 .
.
-
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.
.1.
.1.
.
53
1.
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-
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-
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1.
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2.
3.
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,
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.
4.
3
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4
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25
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20
0,03
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1,0
16
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4
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1
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0,1
0,1
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0,01 ÷ 1,7
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2
( 0,2)
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,
0 ÷ 500
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3
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,
. pH
6.
,
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8.
54
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30
30
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–
.
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-
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-
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.
2003 .
55
.
2012 .
-
"
",
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-
,
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-
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56
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oaoimhi@inbox.ru
-1
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[1, 2].
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.
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-
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0 ÷ 50 (0 ÷ 5)
…
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0 – 360
1400 ÷ 1600
0 ÷ 40
994 ÷ 1062
0,01 %
0,1 %
0,001
0,01
0,5
0,02
0,01
0,01 %
0,002
0,02
2,5
0,2
0,04
0,1 %
57
.1.
1.
2.
.
IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation
of seawater – 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56,
UNESCO (English), 196 p. Available from the TEOS-10 web site. See Eqn.
(2.8.2) of this TEOS-10 Manual.
Leroy C.C., Robinson S.P., Goldsmith M.J. A new equation for the accurate
calculation of sound speed in all oceans // J Acoust Soc Am.– 2008.– Nov;
124(5): 2774-82.– doi: 10.1121/1.2988296.
,
,
)
1
2
,
1
,
2
«
.
»,
science-mhi@mail.ru
.
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-
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-
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[1, 2].
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.
,
-
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-
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[3]:
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,
,
-
(
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,
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,
-
,
.
3.
.
,
[2],
.
Ami
-
D[ Ami ]
(m)
AE m i
i
A mi
D [ Am i ]
:
,
59
Q m C thr i
Am i
C max
v i,
Q m C thr i
D [ Am i ]
C max
i
Qm –
2
D [ v i ],
i
; Cthr i –
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vi
,
D[vi]
(
; vi –
[4].
-
)
-
.
.
.
,
,
.
IV – VI
,
.
,
-
.
.
1.
.,
//
2.
.,
3.
.,
.
.– 1983.– .272,
.
, 1989.– 528 .
.,
3.– .702-705.
.–
.
//
.
10.– .105-109.
.,
2011.–
4.
,
,
.,
.:
.
.
.–
-
//
.–
:
60
, 2010.–
.22.– .303-309.
-
,
,
naorekh-2004@mail.ru
,
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.
14-05-90400 «
».
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,
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gurovki@gmail.com
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,
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,
.
[1].
,
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,
.
CaCO3,
-
,
c
.
,
,
-
.
13
–
,
,
30 .
[2]
,
.
2011 – 2012
,
.
.
,
-
.
63
(0,36 %),
(0,23 %).
(48,11 %)
(19,62 %)
.
-
,
(0,6 %)
3
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–
.
.
,
-
.
[3, 4].
,
1,3
2005 .,
99,71 %,
61 %.
(14 –
.
57 %)
.
18,32
82,95 %.
0,66
4,74 %,
2,37 %.
-
(rain ratio parameter) [5].
[6]:
[6]
,
0,
=1–
CaCO3.
0,97
1,
,
14-05-90400 «
64
= CaCO3 / (CaCO3 + C ).
0
1.
,
,
0,80
,
0,98.
-
CO2 [6].
-
».
1.
.
.– M.:
, 1978. –
392 .
2.
.,
.,
.
//
.
-
.– 2003.– 1.– .9-23.
.
.– .:
, 2006.– .62-63.
4.
,
,
.–
:
, 2007.– .4.
5. Zeebe R.E., Wolf-Gladrow D. CO2 in seawater: equilibrium, kinetics, isotopes // Elsev. Oceanogr. Ser.– 2001.– 65.– 346 p.
6.
.,
.
//
.– 2011.– 2.– .72-83.
3.
.,
.
.,
,
,
,
,
aleks@iacp.dvo.ru
.
.
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,
(
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in situ
.
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-
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ADCP
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.
in situ
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,
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-
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(
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. «
»,
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,
,
,
,
margeo34@gmail.com
66
.
,
,
2,
SO2.
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(
»)
,
(
2).
-
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.
,
:
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS),
Aqua;
Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI),
Metop-A;
Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS),
NPP.
AIRS (
,
CO2
-
CO2,
).
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AIRS
,
1,5 – 2 ppm (
CSPP
(Dual Regression method).
CSPP
-
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-
).
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Level 1B,
Aqua
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(International MODIS/AIRS Processing Package).
,
AIRS.
IMAPP CSPP
IMAPP
-
Linux.
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:
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.
2
:
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CSPP_Retrieval_Processing.pl.
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CSPP,
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make_pattern.sh,
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-
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AIRS),
Aqua (
2013 .
,
.
.
.
CO2.
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CO2
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CO2
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-
. «
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2014 .
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SVP (
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.
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.
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,
,
,
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-
.) //
-
.
1.
2.
3.
.,
.– 1996.– .36,
.,
.–
.,
.,
.
(1922 – 1992
3.– .370-376.
.
, 2006.–382 .
.,
.
.
//
.
4.
.– 2002.–
6.– .60-69.
.
//
4.– .36-44.
72
.
.
.– 1996.–
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,
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6. Vrba J., Zaporozec, A. (Eds.) Guidebook on Mapping Groundwater Vulnerability.– International Contributions to Hydrogeology. v.16. International Association of Hydrogeology.– Heise, Hanover, 1994.– 131 p.
)
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**
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396
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.
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3
30
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-
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E-TRIX
14
,
.1).
«
»
«
»
85
7,0
Estuarine
Odessa
Sochi Linear Trend
Offshore
Moderate
Odessa Trend
Port Sochi
Good
Adler-Sochi
High
6,0
5,0
4,0
3,0
y = 0,0293x + 3,682
y = -0,0682x + 5,7654
E-TRIX
2,0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
.1.
.
5,25
.
,
-
3,93.
.
,
.
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.,
.,
.
.–
, 2010.– 154 .
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.,
.,
.,
.
.– 2013.– . 49,
86
//
6.– .664-675.
.
.
,
,
,
,
science-mhi@mail.ru
–
60 %
1
2
(1650
,
(
)
)
41 %
,
-
.
,
:
1)
,
;
2)
«
»;
3)
;
40
4)
.
2013 – 2014
.
–
.
[1],
.
1965 . [2],
1972 .,
[1].
87
»,
REF 203/213.
.
-
,
,
«
2013 . (
»
in situ «BAC9».
)
20
24,3 –
-
,
31,0 º ,
,
.
,
,
–
14.00 – 15.00.
–
6–7º .
(
1,0 – 7,8
;
(
) 2,3 4,1
)
.
,
,
,
-
40 ‰.
,–
,
-
,
.
2014 .
,
25,1
7,9 – 13,2
1,2
,
,
,
27,3 ° .
1,0 –
-
.
.
2013
,
2014
.
,
.
.
88
1.
.,
.
//
.–
2.
:
, 2013.–
.–
.
», 1965.– 163 .
.27.– .276-284.
:
–
,
.
rsi1976@mail.ru
–
–
,
,
,
-
,
.
–
,
,
-
,
.
,
.
.
.
(
, 1993).
,
.
,
,
,
,
-
.
,
,
5
:
89
1.
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)
;
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.);
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; 4)
); 5)
(
(
).
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.
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–
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,
91
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.
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vyalova07@gmail.com
,
-
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.
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100
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.
.
50 – 60
.
,
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.
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-
,
,
.
.
,
,
93
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,
rosamariya@mail.ru
,
,
,
94
,
-
.
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,
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:
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.
–
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,
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.
,
, ugfil@mail.ru
,
5,5
,
.
,
[1],
.
,
–
96
200
2000
3
/c [2].
–
-
,
-
.
,
[3],
.
,
,
-
,
.
100 .
.
1951 .
,
,
.
,
.
-
,
,
.
.
-
,
(
–
)
40-
.
,
0,01
37
.
.
.
-
.
,
80
16 – 17
,
.
-
(200
3
/c)
3–5
.
97
-
.
,
.
200
,
1
6,4
3
/c
10
.
(1,2
,
-
,
200
3
/c
4,4
,
.
,
2,7
3
200
,
–
8,3
).
,
.,
/c
,
.
.
,
-
.
,
,
(
,
150
)
-
.
1.
2.
.–
, 1962.– 855 .
.,
.:
-
.
//
.– 2008.–
3.
.
C
2.– .147-154.
.211.– .206-221.
//
.– 1995.–
,
,
,
eugene.medvedev1984@gmail.com
,
.
98
-
:
,
(HCO3-)
(CO2(aq)),
(CO32-).
,
–
.
,
.
.
(
),
27
1932
2013
,
(Alk),
.
-
,
6759.
.
.
,
,
: 8,21 –
2010.
1930
60- ; 8,19 –
70- ; 8,12 –
80- ; 8,14 –
pH
50
20 –
pH
2010
.
-
90- ; 8,0 –
0,21,
0,14.
0,22,
-
,
= – 0,13.
0,24.
.
,
2
2
2010503
73
.
,
.
2
60-
2
,
(316,91
,
–
60-
.; 389,85
2
–
2010-
.) [1].
99
[2],
2
2
1960
,
10
2010-
.
100
.
.
198
,
60
90-
.
.
2
.
468
2010-
.
,
2
.
,
2
60-
90-
.
,
14,5
13,7.
2010 .
-
,
2
"
"
,
,
12,6.
,
,
-
2
,
2
2,8
.
2,
,
,
90-
2010-
.
.
-
,
.
1. Full Mauna Loa CO2 annual record. http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/
trends/
2. Gernot F.E., Hiscock W.T., Luther G.W., Konovalov S.K. et al. Detailed measurements of carbon dioxide distributions in the Black Sea: indication of horizontal mixing and unexpected surface layer carbon deficit // Second international conference «Oceanography of the Eastern Mediterranean and Black
Sea. Similarities and differences of two interconnected basins». Turkey,
Ankara, 2002. P.310.
100
2013 – 2014
.
,
,
.
.
,
,
-
,
,
«
».
.
,
(
).
,
.
,
,
-
.
.
,
.
«
–
-
»
,
,
.
2012 – 2013
.,
471
(
).
10424023,01
,
,
101
:
– 651898,1 .
265477,6 ,
– 9479168,6 ,
–
,
.
2919903,2 ,
167413,8 ,
2013 .
11
-
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
(
).
-
,
.
6391851,6 .
-40, -100,
,
10 – 25
,
,
.
.
T = 60 ° .
.
,
,
,
(
).
-
,
-
,
94 %.
-
651898,1
.
265477,6
2013
,
.
1,3%
,
102
.
–
,
-
.
,
.
2010 – 2011
.
-
,
360000
3
.
600000
3
.
5 %,
– 0,1 %.
,
,
.
.
2011 .
1,8
1,6
–
,
2,4
.
,
1,2 – 1,8
2011 .
.
2013 .
.
0,09
10,05
4
2/
3
(1,8
),
3
/
2
3
).
2013 .
2013 .
-
15,33
5,33
3
3
.
,
,
,
.
.
-
,
103
.
.
.
burdiyan@mail.ru
75
,
«
»
2013 .
-
,
,
,
(
(
1)
2)
.
.
(0 – 3
-
)
.
(19
,
;
2)
(
(
, 2005).
,
191
-
,
.
67
-
),
(
-
1).
3
460
916 (
1500
9500 ./ .
-
4
10 – 10 .
2)
1,
,
,
,
,
25
450
-
./ .
-
1
250
./ .
(
104
2),
,
-
.
100 %
.
,
2,5 10
2
2
4,5 10
916 .
-
./ .
,
-
,
1,0
2,5 102
916 .
:
./ .
,
-
.
4,5 102
1
4,5 10
2
9,5 104
./ ,
–
-
./ .
.
1
4,5 102
.
1
./ ,
–
1
2,5 102
./ .
«A»
.
.
lustelm@mail.ru
,
«a» (
,
« »)
.
« »
,
.
,
.
,
2000 – 2010
,
.
,
« »
:
(0 – 0,5 )
25
500 (
« »).
105
(25 – 55),
-2
(4 – 6
-1
)
(7 – 10 º )
(Grev). Cl, Chaetoceros socialis (Laud.)
,
,
.
( 1
),
Skeletonema costatum
C. curvisetus (Cl.).
“
”
(100 – 300).
(250 – 500)
.
(40 –
-2
60
-1
)
( 20 ° ).
,
50 %
,
,
Ceratium tripos (O.F.Müll.)
Nitzsch., Ceratium furca (Ehr.) Clap. Et Lachm, Prorocentrum cordatum
(Ostf.) Dodge, Scrippsiella trochoidea (Stein) Balech.,
.
,
72 %
« »
175, 80 %
–
200,
90 % – 300.
10 %
300.
« »
(
,
)
.
,
.
« »
(
-
« »)
.
.
(
)
106
6
.
,
« »
.
.
,
-
,
,
-
,
,
.
,
-
.
,
« »
,
.
.
,
,
-
,
-
.
« »
« »
.
,
,
,
.
2050
1955
2010 .
-3
-3
(± 840
).
.
-
.
107
A
,
.
e-georgieva@rambler.ru
,
–
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
-
.
–
(Lohm) Hay & Mohler.
,
«
»
.
«
Emiliania huxleyi
–
[1],
» E. huxleyi
«
» [1, 4].
,
-
,
[2].
,
2013 .
72-
«
.
-
«
,
»
»
.
19
71
,
,
,
40, 80
.
.
E. huxleyi
(10 – 25 ),
(44º33.105, 36º17.700) «
108
,
,
»
30 .
334,8 – 4467,7
– 4367,7
./ 3,
.
3
.
./ .
E. huxleyi
.
–
.
xleyi
1
,
3
436,9
,
./ 3,
.
E. huxleyi
.
,
–
80 %
60 %
3
15,7 – 314,5
,
«
»,
.
161,3
,
80 %.
E. hu.
–
.
: 59,4 –
.
E. huxleyi.
[3],
,
,
90%
,
«
–
»
,
.
91
,
7
Flagellata.
)
(49
)
(24
.
.
,
-
,
,
.
.
,
3
[5].
1.
.,
.,
.
:
2011.– .51,
2.
//
1.– .45-53.
.,
.,
.–
.
109
«
»
,
Emiliania huxleyi
.– 2009.–
.77.– .28-32.
3.
.,
.,
.
Calanus
helgolandicus (Copepoda, Calanoida)
Emiliania huxleyi
Rhodomonas salina
//
.– 2001.–
.55.– .63-68.
4. Balch W.M., Holligan P.M., Ackleson S.G., Voss K.J. Biological and optical
properties of mesoscale coccolithophore blooms in the Gulf of Maine // Limnol. Oceanogr.– 1991.– 36. – .629-643.
5. Stelmakh L.V., Georgieva E.Yu. Emiliania huxleyi spring bloom in the Black
Sea: a tentative investigation // Intern. J. of Marine Science.– 2014.– v.4,
17.– P.160-165.
//
CURRENT STATUS OF THE BLACK SEA WHITING,
Merlangius merlangus L., 1758, INFECTION WITH PARASITES
Y.Kornyychuk1, A.Özer2, V.Yurakhno1, T.Öztürk2
1
2
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol
Sinop University, Faculty of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Sinop, Turkey
Black Sea whiting Merlangius merlangus (L.) is one of the main
commercially important fish species for Black Sea countries, especially
for Turkey, and this country catches more than 85 % of whole catch in
the Black Sea – mainly near Sinop region. The Black Sea Commission
reported in 2008 that other Black Sea countries use only small part of
whiting stocks. According to FAO, the general mid-annual catch of whiting (except Turkish catch) was less than 0.6 tons in 1996 – 2005 that allows us to believe an increase in whiting catches in future. The Black Sea
whiting is either definitive and/or, more importantly, the intermediate
host of some parasites which have zoonotic potential. Moreover, whiting
parasites may also be actors causing degradation in the quality of fish flesh
or important fish pathogens. It is also known that the Black Sea whiting is
divided into different populations with their reproductive isolation determined by spatially isolated spawning areas, and we could expect regional
differences in component structure of the Black Sea whiting parasites. So,
parasitological monitoring of whiting stocks is needed to reveal its past and
current status both in regions of intensive fishing (Sinop coasts) and regions of potential whiting importance as fishing object (Crimean coasts).
Current status of the parasite fauna of M. merlangus in the Black Sea
was revealed using 690 and 423 fish samples collected near Sinop (Tur110
key) and in Balaklava Bay (Russia) respectively, in the period between
May 2011 – April 2014. Conventional methods of parasitological dissection, parasite fixations and slide preparations were applied with respect to
taxonomic level of parasites. The values of infection prevalence (%), mean
intensity and mean abundance were calculated for each parasite species.
The similarity in whiting parasite fauna at two sampling localities was
evaluated using the Czekanowski-Sørensen index.
A total of eight parasite species were identified; Trichodina gobii
Raabe, 1959, Eimeria merlangi Zaika, 1966, Ceratomyxa merlangi Zaika,
1966, Myxidium gadi Georgevitsch, 1916, Gyrodactylus alviga Dmitrieva
et Gerasev, 1997, Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rud., 1802) larvae and
adults, Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 plerocercoids as well as Grillotia erinaceus (van Beneden, 1858) plerocerci were registered at both
sampling localities while Prodistomum polonii (Molin, 1859) was found
only once in Balaklava Bay. This research study revealed considerable
differences in prevalence and abundance values of T. gobii, G. alviga, G.
erinaceus and H. aduncum between both localities indicating two distinct
groups of whiting and supported other studies suggesting complex structure of whiting stocks in the Black Sea.
It is obvious that component structure of digenean community of the
Black Sea whiting in northern part of the Black Sea has strongly changed
since its previous investigations. The core of whiting parasite fauna is
extremely close at northern and southern regions of the Black Sea and
consists of the most common species of protozoa, myxozoa and helminths. On the other hand, six parasite species (T. gobii, E merlangi, C.
merlangi, M. gadi, G. alviga, G. erinaceus) were registered off Turkish
coasts for the first time.
,
,
,
olga.moiseenko.65@mail.ru
,
,
,
,
,
111
.
,
-
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
,
1998 .,
,
.
-
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
-
,
PLI [1],
.
-
–
.
,
,
PLI
,
-
,
.
,
–
112
.
– «rain ratio parameter»
.
-
[2].
,
,
-
,
.
,
,
,
-
,
.
.
:
+
2
2
2
+
2
2
+
2.
,
.
-
.
,
,
,
.
,
(
-
),
19
,
– 3,5
.
-
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
-
113
,
.
-
14-05-90400 «
».
1.
.
.–
, 2008.–
2.
//
-
:
.15.– .50-56.
.,
.
//
.– 2011.–
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
114
-
,
,
Mytilus galloprovincialis.
1400 3
2500 – 3000
./ 2,
,
,
84 – 100 3
.
-
2.– .72-81.
35 – 40
,
,
-
.,
.
,
,
,
.
-
.
«
.
»
–
1903 .)
.
(
(
90-
)
.
,
,
,
3
114
– 130
3
2
1
,
.
,
(
300
(
3
,
.
,
–
2
1
.
)
150
2180
)
-
,
2–3
2
–
1000
ytilus galloprovincialis.
.
-
2
,
,
,
-
[1].
BI
»,
,
,
–
[3].
«
-
[2].
.
115
,
,
,
,
[4].
(C.
laetevirens, C. rubrum, E. intectinalis, E.prolifera) [5].
(
)
«
.
»,
,
-
,
,
[6].
,
,
,
«
»
,
,
»–
«
,
.
-
,
.
1.
.,
.
( .
2.
-
) //
.
.
».– 2010.– 13.– .225-231.
.
//
.–
3.
, 2009.–
.18.– .19-29.
.
)//
116
. «
.
.
.– 2005.–
.
.,
1.– .33-37.
4.
.,
.
//
2007.–
5.
2, .VI.– .58-62.
.,
.
.
.–
.
-
//
6.
.
.
.,
. .
.– 2007.–
2.– .44-57.
.
-
//
.
).– 2010.– 3(44).– .310-312.
(
.
kozl_ya_oly@mail.ru
.
.
,
.
-
,
,
,
.
-
,
:
,
,
,
.
.
,
-
,
,
,
.
.
117
-
,
.
,
.
-
.
.
,
,
,
.
:
-
,
200
3
,
.
,
(
)
.
,
,
-
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
,
(
).
,
,
-
,
,
150
,
.
-
78
-
– 100 .
,
100
.
118
(
–
2/3)
.
,
,
,
,
-
.
,
.
,
,
-
,
.
, ,
-
,
.
,
250
.
,
.
-
.
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
(
)
,
.
,
julia_doroshenko@mail.ru, tihonoval@mail.ru
,
,
,
,–
119
(
)
.
.
,
,
,
, 2003).
–
.
5-
.
-
.
2013 – 2014
.,
4
,
,
.
(
(
)
)
.
.
(
(
)
-
)
.
3
2,0 10
6
1,5 10
./ ,
.
2500
.
25
-
./ .
1 – 2
,
.
-
,
.
0,1
,
5,6 %
–
0,2
.
0,1 – 1,8 %
5,6 %
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
-
,
.
-
,
.
,
120
-
2300
/100
.-
.
.,
-
,
.
2300
/100
.-
.
1140
-
.,
.
,
958,7
1320,8
/100
.-
. . .),
III
24,4 %.
,
,
.
-
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
eather86@mail.ru
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
-
,
(
,
,
)
;
.
-
,
,
,
,
(
-
),
[2, 3].
121
(
)
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».
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,
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;
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,
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,
,
.
,
,
;
,
-
,
.
1.
.
.
.
.–
:
, 1981.
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/
.
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:
.–
.
.
1.
, 2014.– 121 .
.:
.
1.1:
3.
/
, 2014.– 91 .
:
1/1614-1
03.06.2014 .–
.
rabushko2006@yandex.ru
,
-
,
,
,
(
)
.
,
-
,
,
.
123
Aurelia aurita Rhizostoma pulmo
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Botryllus schlosseri
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-3
(
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,
.
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,
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galloprovincialis, Rapana venosa
,
124
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, ,
.,
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30
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.
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.
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.
Rapamid®
,
,
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,
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,
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,
9
-
.
.
,
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Argoderm®
:
-
.
.
125
.
,
-
,
.
,
.
2010 – 2013
1
2
,
1
.
«
.
»,
2
,
–
.
-
,
,
.
,
.
(
,
)
.
.
2004 – 2008 . [1 – 4].
(
).
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,
-
.
.
.
2010 – 2014
224
.
,
,
,
126
.
2010
2014
.
.
2004 –
2008
.
1,41
N/ .
,
[5]
2008 – 2010
-
. 1,3 – 2
2004 – 2007
.
.
,
2004 – 2008 .
2004 – 2008 .).
68
45 %
,
(53
2012
2013 .
.
–
0,014
31 %
2011 .
-
.
,
2011 .,
1,5
,
2012 – 2013
.
.
2013 . (
2012 . (
2010 – 2013
–
0,11
0,06
.
0,02
).
.
),
-
.
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,
2004 – 2008
.
,
,
.–
.
-
.
,
.
3-
.
372
2
540
[6 – 8]
1.
-
.
,
.,
2011 .
2004 – 2008
. [1 – 4].
.
2004 .
127
) //
.–
, 2005.–
.
2.
.
.12.– .215-219.
.
//
.–
, 2007.–
.15.– .132-138.
3. Chaykina A.V., Dolotov V.V., Ilyin Yu.P., Konovalov S.K., Kuznetsov A.S.,
Repetin L.N., Voitsekhovich O.V. Observational studies of nutrient loads on
the Black Sea with atmospheric precipitations // Proc. 1st Biann. Scien. Conf.
«Black Sea Ecosystem 2005 and Beyond».– Istanbul, Turkey, 2008.– .199210. [
]: 1
.
.
(CD-ROM).
4.
.
//
-
5.
6.
7.
8.
.–
, 2009.–
.19.– .395-400.
Medinets S., Medinets V. Investigations of atmospheric wet and dry nutrient
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Aquat. Sci.– 2012.– 12.– .497-505.
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.
,
. [
]
,
2006.–
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000159/Avtoreferati%20rus.pdf
128
3
1
2
,
2
,
1
,
2
,
1
,
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,
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3
,
1
,
3
,
.
zatsepin@ocean.ru
,
2
.
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,
(10
2
15
)
,
.
-
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.
-
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–
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–
,
,
129
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0133
14-05-00159.
,
-
.
14.BBB.21.
13-05-41450
,
1
1
,
2
,
1
,
2
.
,
MODIS
SeaWiFS
-
130
.
,
2002 – 2003
,
.
-
.
.
.
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
1
2
,
3
,
1
,
2
«
»,
3
,
yasak71@mail.ru
.
2009 .
-
Strategic Action Plan (SAP),
MONINFO,
.
,
,
131
2008 .
«
»
»,
(
),
-
«
,
» [1].
:
1)
,
-
,–
;
2)
,
,
;
3)
.
,
,
»
,
,
,
-
.
(Marine Portal MHI NASU Remote Sensing
http://dvs.net.ua/mp).
Department,
2008 .
«
»,
Scrippsiella trochoidea (Stein) Balech [2, 3].
MODIS
«
«
Aqua/MODIS.
2012 .
132
»
»).
,
-
(
-
,
,
,
,
–
)«
»
[4].
Emiliania huxleyi
(Lohmann) W.W. Hay & H.P. Mohler.
«
» (15
1.
)
.,
.,
.
// XIX
.
,
2011 .).– 2011.– .65.
.,
.
2.
3.
-
.
, 12-16
.«
– 2011». (
Scrippsiella trochoidea (Stein) Balech.
2008
//
.– 2008.– .VII, 4.– .98.
-
.
//
2010.– 1 (22).– .3-7.
4.
.,
(Prymnesiophyceae) 2012
.– 2012.– .XI,
.–
.
Emiliania huxleyi
-
//
4.– C.54.
,
,
,
,
ant.gar@mail.ru, sevdon@bk.ru, apolonsky5@mail.ru, toyur@yandex.ru
.
,
(
).
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-
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,
–
,
,
,
133
,
,
.
.
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,
,
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.
-
,
.
(
«
( )
2012 .
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)
«
.
-
-2»
,
.
2013 .
2013 .
[1],
2012 – 2013
.
-
.
:
–
,
,
[2, 3],
-
;
–
(
,
3
)
[2];
–
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–
,
,
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–
37,9
134
;
,
–
5
–
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;
–
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-
,
63 %;
–
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–
2013 .,
(0,15 –
0,5 ;
2012 –
,
6,4
(
).
[5].
1.
.,
.
//
:
, 2010.–
2.
-
.–
.10.– .50-53.
»,
.
4,
,
.1.–
:
3.
, 1991.– 430 .
/
.
, 1974.– 406 .
.,
.,
//
.
4.
.–
.:
.
.– 2011.–
8.– .108-112.
5.
/
:
.
.
, 2014.– 526 .
1
,
.
2
,
-
1
,
1
.–
,
2
,
,
,
-
.
,
.
135
,
(
,
)
, 2010 .
–
).
( 22
1962 –1963
31
2009 – 2010
.
-
)
,
,
(20th Century
.
-
Reanalysis, 20CR).
,
.
,
500
2010 .:
1871
GHGS = [Z( 0) – Z( S)] / (
N
= 80
,
0
–
S),
GHGN = [Z( N) – Z( 0)] / (
. + , 0 = 60
. + , S = 40
= – 5º, 0º, 5º.
,
,
,
: GHGS > 0, GHGN < 10 /º
N
–
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.+ .
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-
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,
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.)
-
.
.
1871
.
2010
.
-
,
,
.
136
-
,
-
.
,
,
70 – 50
,
10
.,
.
30
.
.
.,
-
30 – 50
.
NCEP/NCAR
,
,
,
kovalenko_olga89@mail.ru
,
.
,
,
,
-
.
1951 – 2012
.
.
1000
: 00, 06, 12, 18 GMT)
NCAR,
37,5° – 50°
., 27,5° – 45°
.
47°
. 6° . – 8°
.
29° – 41°
. 14° – 38°
.
(
NCEP/
2,5°×2,5°.
:
, 35° –
.
137
. (1995).
106
-
2
.
(> 0,1·10-6
.
-2
)
-
,
(0,012·10-6
-2
)
-
.
,
0,043·10-6
0,02
-2
.
-
(0,11·10-6
(0,08·10-6
,
(0,11·10-6
-2
)
-2
)
–
-
-2
).
1951 – 2012
-
.
.
,
.
99 %
.
80 %
-
.
,
.
,
.
.
62-
-
.
,
.
.
138
,
.
1951 – 2012
.
-
,
–
.
85 %
-
.
,
.
,
.
-
–
.
,
1.
–
.
.
//
.– 1995.–
11.– .24-37.
,
,
(
)
.
,
(
+ 3,5 ° ),
+5,0 ° ,
0,5 – 1,5 °
-
.
(
)
)
(
(
,
)
,
).
,
,
139
.
.
,
aveiro_7@mail.ru
,
,
–
-
,
.
:
-
,
.
,
,
-
,
.
,
.
1951 – 2009
,
.
-
18
.
.
:
[1],
(
)
-
[2].
,
.
.
.
,
.1.
,
140
,
-
.
-
46
45.5
45
.
44.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
35
35.5
36
36.5
-
37
.
.1.
.
,
-
46
,
45.5
0,6.
-
45
,
44.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
35
35.5
36
36.5
.
37
.2.
(95
-
).
0,63.
,
.
.
,
(
95
-
R95).
,
(
-
.2).
24,5
.
,
-
,
-
,
.
141
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,
svetlanabk@mail.ru
,
,
-
[1].
(
)
-
,
,
.
(
).
-
[2].
.
,
.
:
,
~ 60
.
.
,
,
142
,
WOCE
2004 – 2006
1992 – 1998 .,
(WODB)
1950 – 2010
WOCE
1988 – 1995
.,
.
RAPID
.
,
~ 60
.
.
-
:
,
,
.
:
-
(
~ 60
),
,
-
.
~ 1,38 ± 0,19
.
.
,
~ 90 %,
(
-
,
(3 %),
(< 1 %)
)
.
~ 10 %
(1 %)
5%
.
,
,
,
.
.
.
-
,
,
.
143
-
(
),
,
~ 50 – 70
.
1.
.
.–
:
, 2008.– 184 .
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,
,
,
andrey-ls@bigmir.net
,
-
1.
.
2.
.
1963 – 2000
.
.
-
.
-
.
,
144
: NAO (
), EA (
), AO (
-
), EA/WR (
), SCAND (
), P/E (
), WP (
) PDO (
), PNA (
), SOI (
).
-
( )
[3].
,
.
-
: f(x) = tanh( x).
,
(
.1.
(–––)
(- - -)
( )
.1).
-
( ).
145
.
2000
17
16
15
.
0,97
0,84
0,91
.,
15
15
13
1950
1962
,
(1998 – 2010
.
.
0,94
0,90
0,94
1963
.)
1.
1,44
1,06
1,21
– 0,41
– 0,62
– 0,27
2001
2013 .,
.
-
[4]
(
– 0,65
– 0,85),
(
-
Sea WiFS)
,
1998
2010
.
– 0,41,
– 0,62
– 0,27.
1.
.,
.,
.
-
//
.– 2000.–
8.–
.93-101.
2.
.,
.,
.
-
//
3.
4.
.– 2010.– .23, 8.– .730-736.
.
, 2002.– 344 .
.
//
.4-86.
146
.–
.:
-
.– 2013.–
7.–
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
150
.
.
,
(
.
. (
.).
,
)
,
.
.(
),
,
,
.
,
.
.
-
.
(
)
-
,
,
–
.
-
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
-
(24- )
,
147
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
(
)
.
,
,
10 – 15
.
,
shchurova88@gmail.com
,
-
,
,
.
:
,
[2].
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
-
,
,
.
2006, 2008
2012
.
.
200
148
MODIS Terra/AQUA c
250 .
-
,
) [2],
,
[1],
-
(
2006 .
[3].
[3],
9
2006 .
,
–4° .
.
20
– 19 °
10
[1]
[3].
,
50 ‰ [4],
50 ‰ (
30
,
),
-
,
.
-
,
,
200 ‰.
19
2006 .,
-
,
1,8 ° [1].
,
1
2006 .
6
.
-
–
–
,
8–9
-
. 10
. 21
,
28
[2]
2007 – 2008 .
,
– 11,8 ° 9
10
.
-
15
,
:
-
.
,
15 – 23
.
,
149
,
9 – 10
[2].
2008 .
2012 .
, 31
: 20
,
,
7–8
[2],
-
,
-
.2
,
9 – 10
,
,
.
24
,
-
,
40 – 45
,
32
,
.
.
24
,
.
-
6
. 25
,
10.
,
.
(61
),
2006 .,
(79
,
,
(44
,
) 2008 .
(87
)
2008 .
2012 .
-
:
54
81
,
,
.
–
.
1. http://climexp.knmi.nl/
(the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute).
2. http://esimo.ru/portal/
(
).
150
-
)
3.
.,
.
II
2005 – 2006
//
2006 .–
:
:
, 26-27
, 2006.– .60-64.
.,
.
4.
//
.–
:
, 2013.–
.27.– .267-284.
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,
,
,
, .
sevsalat@rambler.ru, annachep87@yandex.ru,
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,
2013 – 2014
-
.
.
.
(12
),
.
2013 .
(
)
4
–
«
.
»
,
(
(
)
,
-
).
in situ «BAC9».
(
»
-
2014 .
)
(R2)
«BAC9».
0,8117.
-
GPS.
1,0 – 7,8
.
,
151
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
-
,
.
.
,
,
9,4 ‰.
,
,
,
,
5,1
8,9
(
40 ‰.
( .1, )
.1, ),
,
.
,
-
,
,
.
,
(2014 .)
(2014 .) (
.1
.4
8,9
7,48
.1, ).
10
9
,
8
7
6
5
4
1
2
3
4
3
4
27
25
S, ‰
23
21
19
17
15
1
.1.
2014 .
(
152
)( )
(‰) ( )
2
.
.1 –
( ),
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-
5,45
.2
3.
,
26
17,5 – 18 ‰ (
.1, ).
17 – 17,5 ‰.
.2 3,
.
.4.
.
(16,5 ‰)
-
,
,
.
.
,
-
,
2013 .
.
2,3 – 4,1
,
,
,
.
,
,
(
)
.,
.
–
1
2013 – 2014
.
1,15
.
,
,–
,
-
,
.
(
)
,
,
,
.
.
(
,(
,
,
),
-
,
,
,
),
-
.
153
,
,
,
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, )
, , z)
.
.
, )
, , z)
,
R(z).
;
R(z)
;z–
z = 0; 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; 3; 4; 5 .
,
,
-
–
,
.
:
,
.
,
.
.
R = 0,55.
0–3
0,20.
,
,
2 .
,
-
,
,
,
,4 .
,
2 .
-
,
,
.
154
:
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1
,
1
2
,
,
.
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2
1
,
,
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,
195
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( )
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.
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,
oz1515oz@yandex.ua
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[1].
,
,
,
.
-
[2],
.
[3]
(
)
,
280
240
»/«
1992 – 1998
»
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.
200
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«
160
(Tl,
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– 260
115
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120
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20
40
60
80
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100
.1.
(Tv,
)
(Tl,
)
.
197
30
85
,
.
.1
Tv
Tl
R = 0,96,
0,01,
: Tv = 2,688 Tl + 31,498.
–
[4, 5].
(Tv) (Tl)
,
.
20 . (
-
20)
(
«
»
(Z )).
,
-
,
[6 – 8].
-
,
(
.
20)
,
(Z )
,
-
,
.
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.
,
//
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.
//
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5.
.
:
?– .:
, 1987.– 259 .
198
6.
.
//
.
.– 1996.–
.
4.– .36-44.
7.
.
//
.
.– 1997.–
.
8.
.
-
5.– .20-25.
-
//
.–
, 2000.– .154-162.
,
,
,
.
.
-
-
.
,
.
POM
,
(Princeton Ocean Model),
.
.
.
.
,
,
199
.
.
,
,
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.
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.
,
,
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.
(84,8
)
21 %
-
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(70,4
).
,
.
(60 ),
-
(200 ).
(
)
,
.
,
pozachenyuk@gmail.com, address_mvp@mail.ru
,
.
2010 .
«
2030
200
»
-
.
,
.
(
)
-
.
-
[1],
,
-
,
[2].
.
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,
ArcGIS 10.2.
1 : 100 000 (
),
8
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1 : 100 000
.
.
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-
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,
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)–
.
,
,
-
,
,
.
1.
.
.–
.:
.
-
, 1998. – 192.
2.
.
(
). //
.–
, 2012 [
]. URL: http://web.snauka.ru/issues/2012/10/17103
202
-
,
.
,
(
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)
.)
.
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.)
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.
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–
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203
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;
380
;
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;
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.
2011 – 2013
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.
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2012 .
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1,6 – 1,8
,
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3
0,25 – 0,91
.
,
[3].
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.
,
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–
;
-
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.
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.
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.
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-
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»
BEAST
,
,
.
.
(
2008 – 2012
E-TRIX
,
.)
-
BEAST
.
E-TRIX
– 2013
(2009
.),
.
BEAST.
,
,
,
.
204
80-
E-TRIX
BEAST.
,
-
,
.
1. Vollenveider R.A., Giovanardi F., Montanari G., Rinaldi A. Characterization
of the trophic conditions of marine coastal waters with special reference to
the NW Adriatic Sea: proposal for a trophic scale turbidity and generalized
water quality index // Enviromentrics.– 1998.– 9.– P.329-357.
2. Andersen J.H,. Axe P., Backer H., Carstensen J., et Getting the measure of
eutrophication in the Baltic sea: towards improved assessment principles and
methods // Biogeochemistry.– 2011.– 106.– P.137-156.
3.
.,
.,
.,
.
.
(
,
2010 .) //
.–
, 2010.– 1(11).– .109-115.
,
,
,
,
,
tymchenko@inbox.lv
,
.
ABC AGENT [1].
,
,
.
-
.
,
,
,
.
-
[2].
205
,
,
:
.
,
–
-
.
,
.
.
,
.
V
dV
dt
2rV V {CV [V
AGV ( D, H , H1i , P, C , H 2 , H 3 , H 3*)]}
PL
dPL
dt
2rPL PL{C PL [ PL AGPL (TX acc , S acc )]} ,
AGV/PL –
,D–
–
,
–
,
,
, Sacc
–
–
, TXacc –
,
,
1i
,
–
–
,
2
–
*
3 .
3–
,
,
-
.
(
.)
2,5
.
,
-
.
,
.
206
RA
-
-
D
P1
P2
P
ABC AGENT
EF
-
-
TX
V
PL
,
1.
.,
.,
–
.
.–
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, 2000.– 225 .
2. Ivavov V.A., Igumnova E.M., Timchenko I.E. Coastal Zone Resources
Management.– Kyiv: Akademperiodika, 2012.– 304 p.
-
ON MODELING OF MARINE ECOSYSTEM
INTEGRATED IN A SOCIETY PROCESSES
Sofia Mazlumyan
Institute of Biology of Southern Seas, Sevastopol
mazlmeister@gmail.com
Social structure with which marine ecosystem (ME) coexists expected to ensure environmental safety that can be formally expressed as a
favourable environment set, : (c1, c2, …, cj…, cn). Pertinent legal and administrative acts should guarantee the stability and ecological balance
(and thereby the favourable environment complex) in the regions where
ME(s) is/are located (Mazlumyan 2010, 2011). In making economic assessment resource approach appears more fitting inasmuch as it differen207
tiates between renewable and non-renewable
resources inherent to the biotic and the
abiotic constituent parts (Fig.1). Assuming
that the resources are divided into the target
use groups, each group {mi,} will be resource-specific, i.e. associated with a specific resource {ki}. Integral resource
represented by a vector Ki: (Fig.2).
The non-empty set ratio for marine ecosystem resources describes the aggregation
of the target use groups as follows: M x
Fig.1. The services of ME & {Ki : i I} where, Ki are biotic and abiotic
incorporated resources.
resources of ME. Inasmuch as I is a finite
variable, then: S k1 × k2 ×…× kn. In the discussed system of utilization
}, each individual utilization group is the subsystem, mi. At the utilization system input the vector (k1, k2, k3,…, kj,…,km) represents the resources. At the input, after having been used under the conditions defined
by normo-vector, N= (n1, n2, n3,…, nj,…, nm). The resources of marine
ecosystem are characterized by the vector (k 1, k 2, k 3,…,k j,…, k m);
thereby the social consumption of resources is defined by M K×K
(Fig.3). The conditions of resource maintenance and exploitation suggest the resource stock, distribution, quality and accessibility, as well as
optimal (i.e. equal to or lesser than the rate of renewable resource production) extraction strategy to be essential characteristics. For renewable or
living resources the rate and specific rate of production are of top importance. Resource accessibility is interpreted as all the links are from
prospecting to transportation for final processing – that the resource handling/production cycle implies. These technological stages predetermine
the raw material cost price and
economic efficiency. The utilization procedure also suggests the
relevant complex of scientific,
transport, recreation and manufacture subsystems operating in accord
with the same normo-vector. The
model of consumption system can
be defined as follows: utilization
system, M, corresponds to an arbi- Fig.2. ME integral resource exploitatrary set, C, the function R: ( × ) tion model.
208
K (k, k )
( c) [R (c, k) = k ],
where represents the global state object
of the system and characterizes the utilization mode of ecosystem resources, and
function R is the global response of ecosystem and realizes conversion of vector K
into vector K . In utilization of ME resources two strategies are applicable:
one focuses on giving the status of nature
reserve or a Natural Monument to the ecoFig.3. The nature preservasystem and the surrounding landscape, that
tion strategies for ME.
automatically puts a veto on any sort of
resource exploitation; and the other suggests permanent or temporary
prohibitive measures for only certain economic activities (Fig.3). The
area where the marine ecosystem is situated is to be either a nature reserve or a national park. National park with its negligibly disturbed landscape would combine nature preservation and regulated recreation (predominantly ecotourism) activities.
Most of the presently known national parks shelter unique Natural
Monument, and some are partly open for local agriculture. The next step
implies availability of strategies, N, for resource utilization: N = (n1, n2,
n3, n4, n5), where n1 is migratory bird nestling and resting ground, n2 – the
object of researches in functional properties of ME, n3 – the object of researches– in the local geological past n4 – an ecological tourism and
recreation object, n5the object of removal of one or several ecosystem
resources. Comparison between the sets of strategies points out that
n1 n2 n3 n4, that is not a competitive series. Due to competitive exploitation the process of utilization of either resource influences both the resource input parameters and the maintenance and exploitation conditions
of all potential resources. The precondition for a promising long-term
exploitation would combine the availability, the stock and accessibility of
the resource of interest. In deciding about the prospects of resource utilization two considerations are important: a) the profit expected from each
of the resources should be compared with the profit to be gained from
exploitation of the similar resource in a different geographic area; and b)
given a permission to simultaneously exploit several resources of the marine ecosystem.
209
1. Mazlumyan S. The conceptual model for assessing the value of the nearshore ecosystem // Extended Abstracts of 6th Plenary Meeting and Field Trip
of IGCP-521 “Black Sea – Mediterranean corridor during the last 30 ky: Sea
level change and human adaptation”.– INQUA 0501 “Caspian-Black SeaMediterranean Corridor during last 30 ky: Sea level change and human adaptive strategies".– Rhodes, Greece, 27 Sept. – 5 Oct. 2010.– P.130-132.
2. Mazlumyan S. The model of sustainable development of marine near-shore
ecosystem // Extended Abstracts of 7th Plenary Meeting and Field Trip of
IGCP-521 “Black Sea – Mediterranean corridor during the last 30 ky: Sea
level change and human adaptation”.– INQUA 0501 “Caspian-Black SeaMediterranean Corridor during last 30 ky: Sea level change and human adaptive strategies".– Odessa, Ukraine, 27 Aug. – 5 Oct. 2011.– P.135-136.
MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS
1
2
,
1
,
vasechkina.elena@gmail.com
.
ikazani@ua.fm, grey@inet.ua
2
3
,
,
M. galloprovincialis
.
.
)
,
14 – 20 .
,
: 20 – 30; 30 – 40; 40 – 50
20
.
,
50 – 60
.
,
-
.
10 – 20
.
,
500 ,
-
.
,
.
3 .
.
210
,
500 ,
4-
,
-
4-
-
.
,
(
.
.
-
)
,
.
.
1983
,
1986
.
.1, .
,
.
-
1,5
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:
-
;
;
:
,
,
;
.
.
in situ,
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,
,
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20
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0.4
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50
40
1
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1,5 ; 2 –
,
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22.11.2013
02.11.2013
13.10.2013
23.09.2013
03.09.2013
14.08.2013
25.07.2013
30
20
10
0
5
2
10
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22.11.2013
02.11.2013
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23.09.2013
03.09.2013
14.08.2013
25.07.2013
05.07.2013
12.12.2013
22.11.2013
02.11.2013
13.10.2013
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14.08.2013
25.07.2013
05.07.2013
0
(
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,
,
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,
,
,
.
,
,
.
[1]
5
(
-
)
[2].
,
,
,
.
1,64
ALADIN [4]).
(
[3]
2006 .,
.
(
;
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.
(
;
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., 31º57´ .),
45º17´
., 31º54´ .)
., 36º17´ .).
2006 .
.
:
.
,
.
-
.
213
1.
.,
.
.–
, 1992.– .163-231.
.,
2.
.,
.,
.
,
//
.–
2007.–
3.
:
.15.– .215-226.
.,
.
//
4.
.,
.– 2013.– .49,
.,
.
6.– .655-663.
.,
.
2005.– .140-149.
214
:
.
-
//
.–
.:
,
.
–
,
5-
.
.
,
-
.
,
(
)
,
.
,
-
,
(
).
, 1959,
,
(
, 1959,
30
, 1963).
,
,
,
.
(
, 1968,
., 1984,
…, 1991)
, 1992,
,
.
,
(
, 1996).
, 1992, 1993,
,
–
–
2009 .,
(
)
.
.
215
150
6,5
.
.
01
13
2009 .
-
Davis Vantage Pro.,
7
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± 1 %.
1,5
, 23
.
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-
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6 .
0,2
21.00
.
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2009 . –
400
-
.
, 1992).
10
27
2009 .
,
-
5–7
400 – 500
± 0,005 °
50
CTD± 0,0005
.
4
SBE 19 plus V2 SeaCAT (
),
CTD ADCP
.
(
-
,
., 2008).
,
–
-
2009 .
14
1,5 ‰
.
,
,
(
28,5
)
.
.
,
216
.
,
,
-
,
,
.
,
.
.
(
,
.
)
2009 .
,
,
.
IMAGEJ
EXCEL
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sepulturka@mail.ru
,
.
,
.
-
,
.
,
,
.
ImageJ
MTrack2.
217
,
Excel
.
-
.
:
-
ImageJ.
,
2012
2013
.
(
-
).
(
15
).
-
,
15
–
15
2013 .).
.
)
1.
(5, 10, 20, 40
2012 .
VirtualDub (virualdub.org)
3
(3 .
(
405
).
:
ImageJ
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Jesper Søndergaard Pedersen (jsp@phage.dk)
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txt
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2.
txt
wrMTrck_Batch
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imageJ,
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:
405
30
.
wrMTrck_Batch
,
-
.
.
Excel
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1
2
,
1
.
«
.
»,
2
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
0,21
-
.
-
0,12 %
.
,
[1].
.
,
-
.
2010
2013
.
219
,
.
,
NO3 + NH4)
2011 2012
.
2010
2013
(
(NO2 +
-
.
– 0,33
N/
-
2013 .)
(
– 3,5
N/
2010
(0,036
2011 .
2011 .).
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2013 .;
–
2011 .),
.
-
2012 .,
.
,
[2],
,
.
-
,
,
[3],
.
.
.
2012 . (1,62
2012 .
2012 .
,
2013 . (0,01
2
).
),
-
.
(13,64
2
).
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220
3.
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2.– .189-199.
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//
,
.– 1996.
,
,
,
,
,
.
vyalova07@gmail.com
,
-
,
,
,
,
,
.
(
)
-
.
0 – 25
17
20 ° (
18,7 ‰.
,
5,3
25,2 ° ).
,
-
,
.
(
,
),
= 4,2
.
-
,
,
.
,
50
90 %
,
.
221
,
,
,
,
.
2010 – 2012 .
49
Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Polychaeta,
,
Cirripedia
Decapoda.
-
Rapana venosa
Lysidice ninetta,
Polydora websteri
.
.
,
,
,
-
.
,
, ,
.
,
2011 .
Dinophysis acuminata.
,
,
.
C.gigas
G10 G13 (
> 15
).
C.gigas.
,
0,51
,
.
0,272
.
,
.
,
.
222
-
-
–
:
HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS FLOTOW
(CHLOROPHYCEAE)
,
,
,
.
nterent@mail.ru
,
(
-4,4
-
) (3,3
-
)
,
[Margalis, 1999; Eonseon et al., 2003].
-
,
,
.
)
,
(
[Lorenz, Cysewski, 2000, Guerin et al., 2003, Han et al. 2013].
(
)
) [Lee, Palsson, 1994; Koc et al., 2013;
,
(
50000
,
.) [
, 2011]
.
Haematococcus pluvialis Flotov
.
., 2005].
,
,
-
,
,
-
,
«Feron CAB2».
,
22
4,18 ± 0,04
– 2,4 ± 0,05 %.
-1
-1
,
223
H. pluvialis (
CALU-79)
[
. 2007]
«
,
).
(30
550
),
=
(
190
, h = 700
),
17622-72,
)
700
).
I («
(
«
»(
H. pluvialis
1,5
N P
bregas et al., 2000],
– 14 ,
6,8 – 7,2,
24,5 – 26,0 º .
: 11/3
.
24
,
.
3,
.
95
«Feron» DL 20W T4 6400K.
(
)
II («
»)
,
8000 ,
– 6000 )
6,0
2.
28,5 – 29 º .
= 36
,h=
[Fa–
-
»)
4(
2.
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0 – 9-
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,
4-
-1
«Feron» DL 20W (0,191
)
4000 .
3
(5,55
-1
-1
– 1,2
(0,97
),
[
., 2008].
N
90 %.
-1
(
2
)
9 – 14
.
«
224
»
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),
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( 0,32·105
2
–
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(
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–
-
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-1
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)
.
H. pluvialis,
,
-
.
»
50%
«
»
( 0,25
,
.
.
4
-1
1
).
,
2,66 ± 0,03 %
,
89,53 ± 0,35 %
(
»
)
«
-1
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.
1092,02 ± 0,85
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-1
.
«Feron» DL
20W T4 6400.
H. pluvialis
«
»
.
»
(
22000
)
2
,
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0,8 105
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92,02 ± 0,85
(
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)
2,66 ± 0,03 %
.
22
,
-1
,
,
slaverk@ukr.net
,
,
1997 – 2013 .
1
1997 .
225
28
2013 .
2009 .
,
.
1
2009 .
31
,
-
.
1997 – 2013
.,
-
,
.
.
-
,
,
.
5-
,
,
,
3-
.
).
,
,
-
(
,
–
),
,
.
,
,
.
.
.
2013 .
2009 . –
,
-
1997 .
: 1997 .
2009 .
-
(
-
.
,
226
,
).
,
.
–
;
,
–
;
,
-
,
–
-
,
.
-
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
veerokhin@gmail.com
,
,
.
,
,
-
.
,
.
Prorocentrum cordatum (Ostenfeld, 1901)
Dodge, 1975 (Dinophyta),
.
,
1000
6000
,
(100
-2
-1
)
(17
6
.
-2 -1
)
227
a201212035
Prorocentrum cordatum
»(
:
19.10.2012 . "
.,
-
.,
.).
-
,
.
,
–
,
,
-
.
.
0,05
.
0,5
-
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
.
.
.
,
,
-
,
.
,
,
.
228
.
-
.
–
,
,
,
–
,
,
,
,
-
.
P. cordatum,
,
,
.
-
P. cordatum
.
,
,
,
-
,
,
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
ikazani@ua.fm
,
-
,
.
,
.
229
,
.
Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck)
lineatus (Gmelin) –
,
.
.
Mytilaster
. M. galloprovincialis –
,
,
-
,
.
-
M. lineatus
.
.
-
,
,
–
.
-
.
.
-
,
,
.
.
,
«
– «
»
»,
,
,
,
.
, 2011),
,
.
-
,
.
(2008 – 2011
.)
(2009 – 2014
20 – 25 .
,
–3
,
.
30 – 60
.
15
,
.).
.
-
.
(
., , ),
-
230
.
( ),
3–
( )
15
( )
2008 –
()
2014
.
,
.
2009, 2010, 2013
,
,
.
, –
– 2008
:
-
,
2012
.
.
2012 .
–
2
.·
-2
2014
-1
,
–
–
9
.·
-2
-1
(
– 2014 .),
2012 .).
,
.
., , )
(2008 – 2009, 2012
(2010 –
-
–
,
,
,
.
–
(
,
8
.
,
–
.
, 2010 .
2009 .
2009 .,
(
-
),
,
-
,
.
,
,
, 2010)
,
.
.
,
2008 – 2014
.
.
,
.
(
) –
.
231
(
.
)
.
,
:
,
,
[1].
,
,
,
,
.
–
,
.
,
2011 .
–
0,5
.
6 .
,
,
,
.
,
0,5
.
,
.
.
.
32
11
6
.
(
–
0,13, / ²), 8 –
(6
./ ² 1,3 / ²) 13 –
(12
./ ² 0,02, / ²).
,
,
, Petricola lithophaga
(Philippson 1788) Rocellaria (Gastrochaena) dubia (Pennant, 1777)
.
, ,
P. lithophaga
(144,7
²) [2],
R. dubia, ,
.
1.
2.
232
./ ²
.,
.
//
.– 2004.– .17,
.
Petricola lithophaga (Philippson, 1788)
(
).
4.– .85-96.
–
-
.
,
(N –
./ ², B –
,
./ ² , P –
-
, %)
.
N,
ANNELIDA
Amphitritides gracilis (Grube, 1860)
Euclymene collaris (Claparède, 1869)
Genetyllis tuberculata (Bobretzky, 1868)
Harmothoe reticulata (Claparède, 1870)
Hediste diversicolor (O.F. Müller, 1776)
Lysidice ninetta Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1833
Nereis zonata Malmgren, 1867
Platynereis dumerilii (Audouin & Milne
Edwards, 1834)
Polyophthalmus pictus (Dujardin, 1839)
Sabellaria taurica (Rathke, 1837)
Typosyllis hyalina [Grube, 1863]
MOLLUSCA
Acanthochitona fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767)
Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)
Lepidochitona cinerea (Linnaeus, 1767)
Mytilaster lineatus (Gmelin, 1791)
Petricola lithophaga (Retzius, 1788)
Rissoa splendida Eichwald, 1830
Rocellaria (Gastrochaena) dubia (Pennant, 1777)
Tricolia pullus (Linnaeus, 1758)
ARTHROPODA
Amphithoe ramondi Audouin, 1826
Apherusa bispinosa (Bate, 1857)
Athanas nitescens Leach, 1814
Balanus improvisus Darwin, 1854
Caprella acantifera ferox Czerniavski, 1868
Cumella pygmaea euxinica Bacescu 1950
Dexamine spinosa (Montagu, 1813)
Leptochelia savignyi (Kroyer, 1842)
Microdeutopus gryllotalpa A.Costa, 1853
Pisidia longimama (Risso, 1815)
Siriella jaltensis jaltensis Czerniavsky, 1968
Stenothoe monoculoides (Montagu, 1815)
Synisoma capito (Rathke, 1837)
./ ²
B, / ²
P, %
15
1
2
3
5
11
12
0,27
0,14
> 0,01
> 0,01
0,07
0,60
0,11
40
10
10
10
10
50
40
9
2
3
3
0,16
0,01
0,03
> 0,01
20
20
10
20
1
2
1
28
10
1
9
1
0,01
0,1
0,18
2,22
7,4
0,05
0,74
0,05
40
70
20
80
50
30
30
10
37
9
1
2
29
1
9
27
31
2
4
4
1
0,02
0,01
0,1
0,03
0,01
> 0,001
0,01
0,003
0,01
0,06
0,01
> 0,001
> 0,001
20
20
10
10
20
10
10
20
10
20
10
10
10
233
(
)
2006 – 2011
.
,
skondratt@mail.ru
,
2006 – 2011 .
,
(
)
–
.
-
,
,
-
.
,
,
1954 – 1956
.
.,
,
140
(2-
.
3
.
)
,
(14-
-
)
,
,
.
,
90 – 95 %
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
234
.
140
-
12
120
100
8
80
-
60
40
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
2006
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2011
2011
2011
6
7
8
2006
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2011
2011
2011
4
0
9
10 11 12 13 14
160
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14
160
-
120
80
2006
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2010
2011
2011
2011
40
-
120
80
2006
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2010
2011
40
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
.1.
:
9
10 11 12 13 14
0
( ),
( );
1
2
3
4
5
()
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14
%( )
( )
-
.
235
.1,
,
-
,
.
.2 – 4 –
,
,
.0, 1 –
.5 – 7
(
),
.8 – 10
–
,
-
.
«
»
. 12 – 14,
: .12 –
.13 –
, .14 –
,
-
«
»
.
,
.0
14
-
(
.1,
,
).
–
.
,
-
.9
,
,
,
.
.9
-
,
,
,
,
-
.
,
,
,
-
,
.
236
,
-
,
.
,
-
,
,
,
«
(
,
),
–
».
,
-
.
–G.
(As,Ti, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, V, Sr, Fe, Mn)
,
-
(
,
)
.
.
,
,
-
(
),
-
.
–
:
,
,
–
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
14-05-90400 «
;
,
,
;
,
;
;
–
–
,
–
,
,
.
».
237
,
vskocher@gmail.com
-
.
.
[1],
[2, 3],
.
,
,
,
-
.
.
[4]
,
-
.
.
[1]
-
.
10
.
10
.
-
.1).
(
.2).
.
,
238
,
.1.
-
.2.
-
.
(20-
)
,
.
.
-
.
,
.
.
1.
.,
.
.–
2.
.,
.,
, 2008.– 363 .
.
-
//
3.
4.
.–
,
2012.–
.26, .2.– .112-118.
Marchuk G.I., Penenko V.V. Application of optimization methods to the problem of mathematical simulation of atmospheric processes and environment //
Modelling and Optimization of Complex Systems / Ed. G.I. Marchuk. Proc. of
the IFIP-TC7 Working conf.– New-York: Springer, 1978.– P.240-252.
.,
.
//
.–
, 2010.–
.22.– .240-244.
239
"
.
(
)
,
"
)
.
,
,
olga.moiseenko.65@mail.ru, eugene.medvedev1984@gmail.com
,
.
«
»
,
,
,
–
.
,
-
.
«
»
.
-
–
,
-
:
.
,
.
.
.
,
-
.
.
-
–
([CO2])
(fCO2) –
[CO2]
fCO2
.
f
2
.
.
.
,
240
,
1,27
f
4,1
,
2
p
380
,
2
,
,
2.
f
f
2
2
,
.
,
.
-
,
f
.
-
2
,
.
.
-
.
2250 – 2300
,
,
.
56,0 – 57,0
,
.
3
.
-
,
(
–
),
.
,
,
-
.
,
)
,
,
.
.
maricultura@mail.ru
2003 – 2013
,
(
,
.
-
.).
241
.
:
,
,
,
,
-
,
,
.
o
44.5
1
.
2
3
o
6
44.48
50
60
4
5
.
8
9
o
-
44.46
80
,
.
,
7
70
-
o
44.44
.
90.
o
44.42
o
.
o
33.5
33.53
33.56
o
33.59
o
o
33.62
. .
.
-
.
,
.
-
.
,
,
,
.
(
– 37,79
.
.).
-
20 )
2
,
– 2,17
(
,
3
– 59,4 .
(6,8 ° )
.
(26,8 ° ) –
,
15,0 ± 0,7 ° .
,
–
.
(18,01 ‰),
(17,27 ‰) –
,
.
.
,
0-10
10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
2,16
2,12
1,36
0,89
1,60
3,87
8,25
17,54
,%
6
6
4
2
4
10
22
46
3
0,01
0,03
0,03
0,03
0,07
0,2
0,5
1,3
0,5
1,4
1,4
1,4
3
9
23
60
2
,
,
,%
242
.
17,74 ± 0,02 ‰.
-
-
.
140
,
chrophyta (
Bacillariophyceae – 56
( ), Dictyochophyceae – 5, Chrysophyceae
–2
), Myzozoa (
Dinophyceae – 53
), Haptophyta
(11
), hlorophyta (3
), Cyanobacteria (6
), Cryptophyta
(1
), Euglenozoa (1
).
.
63
,
: Polychaeta (20
, 12
), Crustacea (
Cirripedia (6
,3
) Decapoda (12
,8
),
Bivalvia (11
,7
), Gastropoda (13
, 11
),
Phoronidea (1
).
:
.
.
,
-
c
.
,
2002 – 2005
,
,
-
.
243
.
,
,
,
,
,
(Model for Estuarine and Coastal Circulation Assessment) [1].
.
.
,
(
,
-
,
.).
30
–
,
10
15
.
,
.
-
3
[2].
.
,
.
-
,
.
(
)
,
.
,
-
,
[3].
,
,
.
(
-
)
,
.
,
,
-
,
,
244
,
.
1.
.,
.
:
.–
2.
, 2006.– 368 .
.,
.,
–
:
.
, 1988.– 128 .
3.
.,
.,
.
.
, 2006.– 90 .
:
.
.
.–
.:
MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS
,
.
solar-ua@ya.ru, ikazani@ua.fm
,
,
,
.
20 %
3–5%
,
-
,
(
-
,
,
.),
.
,
,
.
Mytilus galloprovin-
cialis,
,
(
)
.
.
–
(
)
–
,
–
–
(
,
–
-
)
.
245
15
,
1,5
12
.
Tetraselmis viridis (TvV), Dunaliella viridis (DvV),
Prorocentrum pusilla (PpV) Isochrysis galbana (IgV).
,
.
,
-
.
.
(
0,1
-
1 ).
.
,
.
10
(
-
)
17
(
.)
,
25
65
4
.
,
.
.
-
.
100
,
.
10 %
(
,
,
-
).
.
1
.
,
1
.
,
.
246
1
-
.
,
20
,
100
1000000000
1
.
).
1–2
,
1–2
).
1000000
40000
1
10 %
.
,
2,2 %
1,5 –
(
( ,
,
.
,
,
:
)–(
+
–
+
1
),
1
,
,
1
,
,
–
–
,
–
–
(
.
70 – 99 %
(
),
,
-
–
)
-
.
,
(70 %)
IgV,
-
(TvV, DvV PpV)
.
.
-
M. galloprovincialis
99 %,
.
,
-
,
,
,
.
-
,
,
,
,
.
247
,
,
udovik126@bigmir.net, lukharitonova@rambler.ru
,
-
,
,
.
,
,
-
.
.
,
.
:
;
-
;
.
:
-
,
,
-
.
[1, 2].
(
) [3],
,
,
.
,
248
,
.
:
;
,
-
;
.
.
24
10
.
-
.
.
,
,
160° – 165°.
,
.
,
,
-
.
,
.
,
,
170° – 185°.
,
-
,
,
.
249
.
,
,
.
-
180° – 195°,
200° – 215°
,
.
195° – 200°,
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
1.
.,
.
.
//
.–
, 2009.–
.,
2.
-
:
.19.– .70-77.
.
.
//
.–
:
, 2011.–
3.
.–
, 1975.– 240 .
250
-
.25.– .96-103.
.:
-
,
,
,
.
,
Mnemiopsis leidyi Agassiz A., 1865 Ctenophora, Lobata)
80.
– Beroe ovata –
,
.
90-
.
.
–
,
,
1999 ,
1999 .
,
M. leidyi
.
,
–
(
2006 . –
2012 .)
2013 .)
2010 .)
-2
100 – 160
–
.).
(2002, 2009
(
2013 .),
M.
,
.
(
,
– 2013 . –
).
-2
1000
(2004, 2007,
(2010 –
(
.
leidyi
.
40
70 %
. Cladocera
)
-
,
(
-
).
.
—
.
-
,
.
251
2
–
,
,
,
(
-
)
(
)
(
–
).
,
.
-
,
.
–
–
.
,
,
,
,
lukharitonova@rambler.ru
.
8
,
.
,
;
;
-
,
.
-
,
.
252
.
XBeach (eXtreme Beach behavior).
2,2
17
19
.
D50 = 5 10–4
.
-
2,9
3
2650
.
(
4 )
,
.
.
-
.
,
-
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
-
.
.
,
–
-
.
.
0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,00 .
,
-
3
.
253
,
.
.
-
,
.
,
,
-
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
3
,
4
2 ,
-
.
,
4 ,
.
-
.
.
.
,
marta@alpha.mhi.iuf.net
,
–
,
,
,
254
-
,
,
-
(
).
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
2002 .
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
2003 .
,
,
[1].
-
,
.
( 29
20
)
19 –
,
–
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
120 – 130 %,
,
5–
6 %.
,
.
,
,
.
[2]
.
,
255
,
,
–
(10 – 14 ‰),
.
,
:
-
.
,
–
.
,
.
,
,
-
,
,
-
.
,
,
.
,
,
-
,
.
,
-
,
.
,
,
,
–
.
,
.
-
–
,
,
[3].
,
-
.
.
,
.
,
.
1. http://www.grivna.ks.ua/nizhnij_dnepr_neizvestnaja_reka.htm
2.
.,
.
.–
256
:
-
, 2006.– 368 .
.
//
3.
.–
:
, 2010.–
-
.23.– .166-170.
CO2
"
"
,
,
,
khoruzhiy@mail.ru
,
,
.
,
",
,
(
-
2).
–
2
–
,
-
,
,
,
,
,
.
-
,
,
,
,
2,
-
,
.1
,
,
2012 . (
.1, , ,
.
CO2,
).
,
257
.1.
CO2
–
( )
( ),
( ) 2012 .
.
CO2.
.
CO2
,
,
,
,
CO2.
,
pCO2,
,
(
CO2
2012 2013
CO2
.1, ).
,
.,
,
.
,
,
-
.
,
,
,
-
,
CO2,
.
,
-
,
.
14-05-90400 «
».
258
)
,
,
annachep87@yandex.ru, ecodevice@yandex.ru
(
),
,
-
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
-
),
:
-
(
),
(
(
),
(
);
:
,
-
(
),
,
,
,
.
2007 – 2013
.
,
.
-
,
.
,
.
259
(
)
-
.
.
,
,
–
» [1]
(
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annachep87@yandex.ru, p_lomakin@mail.ru
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1. http://www.dent-s.narod.ru/kondor.html
INTENSITY, AREA EXTENT AND FREQUENCY OF
COCCOLITHOPHORES EMILIANIA HUXLEYI BLOOMS
IN THE BLACK SEA: APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING
APPROACH
T.Churilova1, V.Suslin2, S.Moncheva 3, O.Kryvenko1,
L.Manjos1, A.Dzhuly1, A.Newton4
1
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol
2
Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Sevastopol
3
Institute of Oceanology of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Varna
4
Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Detecting and monitoring of coccolithophores blooms is increasingly
important due to their significant role in ocean biogeochemistry and
unique capacity for feedbacks to climate because of calcite carbon and
264
DMS production and high reflectance. Although since long ago Emiliania
huxleyi (Lohmann) W.W.Hay & H.P.Mohler, 1967 has been a common
species in the Black Sea plankton community bloom episodes emerged as
a recurrent feature of the recent period. Application of remote sensing
approach, based on dependence of water inherent optical properties (particulate back scattering coefficient) on coccolithophores/coccoliths abundance, allows for tracing of coccolithophores dynamics at basin-wide
scale. This approach enables quantification of bloom frequency and intensity in different regions of the sea and evaluation of bloom extent area,
which could be considered as indicators of Biodiversity (GES DescriptorMSFD).
THE BLACK SEA REGIONAL ALGORITHM OF ESTIMATION OF
CHLOROPHYLL A CONCENTRATION AND LIGHT ABSORPTION BY
COLORED DETRITAL MATTER USING COLOR SCANNERS
(MODIS AND MERIS) DATA
V.Suslin1, T.Churilova2, S.Moncheva 3,
V.Slabakova3, A.Dzhuly2, A.Newton4
1
Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Sevastopol
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol
3
Institute of Oceanology of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Varna
4
Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
2
The SeaWiFS version of the Black Sea regional algorithm [Suslin et
al., 2008] has been modified for MODIS and MERIS bands and tested for
fit with ground truth data. Two-weekly maps of chlorophyll a concentration (Ca) and light absorption by colored detrital matter (aCDM) mergeproducts from September 1997 up to now have been produced. The comparison of model products with in situ measured data demonstrate that the
new version of regional algorithm provides adequate assessment of Ca
and aCDM(490).
265
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Dzhuly A. ____ 264, 265
Kornyychuk Y. ____ 110
Kryvenko O. ______ 264
Manjos L. ________ 264
Mazlumyan S. _____ 207
Moncheva S. __ 264, 265
Newton A. ____ 264, 265
Özer A. __________ 110
Öztürk T._________ 110
Slabakova V.______ 265
Yurakhno V. ______ 110
267
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