CONDITIONALS ZERO CONDITIONAL ▪General truths/scientific facts ▪When/If you heat ice, it melts. ▪When/If + Present Simple, Present Simple. FIRST CONDITIONAL ▪Real/Probable situations in the present/future ▪If it rains, we will stay at home. ▪If + Present Simple, Future Simple/may/can/must/ imperative. FIRST CONDITIONAL ▪I won't come unless it stops raining. ▪Unless = if not ▪Future Simple unless + Present Simple. SECOND CONDITIONAL ▪Imaginary/Unlikely to happen situations in the present and future ▪If I knew it, I wouldn't ask you. ▪If he was/were here, he would help us. ▪If I were you, I would call her. (advice) ▪If + Past Simple, would/could/might +V THIRD CONDITIONAL ▪Imaginary situations/regrets/criticism in the past ▪If I had known it, I would have called her. ▪If + Past Perfect/PPC, would/could/might + have + V3 MIXED CONDITIONALS -If you were more careful, you wouldn't have broken your leg. Type 2 , Type 3 - If he hadn't missed the bus, he would be at work now. Type 3 , Type 2 WISHES ▪I wish/If only to express a wish ▪I wish I was/were rich now/If only I was/were rich now. (Present) ▪I wish I had finished the housework/If only I had finished the housework. (Past) PAST SIMPLE FORM => PRESENT MEANING ▪I'd rather/sooner he studied better. ▪Suppose/Supposing you were asked to get back, what would you do? ▪He behaves as if/as though he were the boss. ▪It's (high/about) time we left. PAST PERFECT FORM => PAST MEANING ▪I'd rather/sooner he had studied better last month. ▪Suppose/Supposing you had been asked to get back then, what would you have done? ▪He behaved as if/as though he had been the boss. HAD BETTER = SHOULD ▪You'd better take an aspirin. (Present) ▪It would have been better if you had taken an aspirin yesterday. (Past) WOULD RATHER = I'D PREFER ▪I'd rather leave now. (Present) V ▪I'd rather have left then. (Past) have +V3 WOULD RATHER = I'D PREFER ▪I'd rather you did your homework tonight. (Present) ▪I'd rather you had done your homework yesterday. (Past) PREFER ▪I prefer skiing to swimming. (General Preference) ▪I prefer to ski rather than swim. (General preference) ▪I'd prefer to ski rather than swim. (Specific Preference) ▪I'd rather ski than swim.
