Grody Czerwieñskie –złote jabłko polskiej archeologii. Seminarium nr 4. Kraków 7-9.12.2016 Early Slavic antiquities in the Middle Dnieper region at the third quarter of the first millennium AD - the boundaries of cultures and the challenge of black archeology: a view from the banks of the Neva Dr. Olga Shcheglova Insitute for the History of the Material Culture, Chair of archaeology of The Institute of History St. Petersburg University St. Petersburg, Russian Federation . some memorable records… “Slavic” archaeological cultures 57 centuries AD in Eastern Europe Kolochin culture Prague-Korchak culture Pen’kovka culture Last 20 years: -- the radical changes in the view of the metal finds - their number increased dramatically. . The less of scientific excavations -the context of metal finds irremediably lost, they are removed from the complex and the cultural layer. -- the only complexes in which with a certain degree of confidence can be traced things met together are hoards. Uncontrolled spread of predatory activities with metal detectors, which turned into a national disaster in Russia , Ukraine and Belarus, : -- in this case, the accuracy of the information about the origin of such findings is low, but in some cases it can be tested, the accuracy of the information about their composition low too, they can be falsified ; completeness - different from disparate until completely combined. So, in this rate the finds are not much different from the hoards described in the classic work of G.F. Korzukhina (Корзухина 1996). the only representative category of multi-component complexes from the territory in question are hoards. Issue 1 How many complexes should be considered? (the number and distribution) Gaponovo and Sudzha treasures in Kursk regional archeology museum 15 treasures of the 1st group with "provenance" Treasures of the 1st group with reference to the nearest point •Трубчевск •Мена •Гапоново •Суджа-1949 •Великие Будки •Нижняя Сыроватка •Смородино •Первое Цепляево •Блажки •Козиевка/Новая Одесса •Колосково •Валуйки •Малый Ржавец •Мартыновка •Вильховчик •Хацки «между Путивлем и Шосткой» Путивльский клад 2012 Суджа-Замостье 2010 Суджа-Куриловка 2009 Суджа- Девичье Озеро 2013 Уланок 2012 Лебединский район Сумской 2011 Барвинкова Гора Бассейн Оскола в Белгородской 2009 *Коропиевский клад Хитцы (?) – с «человечками» Шостань Полтавской Черкасский клад Ирдынские болота Матронино Treasures of the 1st group with reference to district / region с« 1 1 3 2nd group treasures Treasures of group 2 with reference to the nearest point •Киев •Воробъевка •Пастырское 1892 •Пастырское 1949 •Пастырское 1992 •Черкасский клад •Левый берег Ирдыни •Буда 1 •Буда2 •Буда 3 •Буда 4 •Юг Черкасской область •Смела •Грушевцы (Чигирин) • Матронинское городище •Харьевка •Зайцев •Рыльск -2009 •Уланок Treasures of group 2 with reference to district / region : •Киев •Воробъевка •Пастырское 1892 •Пастырское 1949 •Пастырское 1992 •Черкасский клад •Левый берег Ирдыни •Буда 1 •Буда2 •Буда 3 •Буда 4 •Юг Черкасской область •Смела •Грушевцы (Чигирин) • Матронинское городище •Харьевка •Зайцев •Рыльск -2009 •Уланок The sad statistics Interpretations are built taking into account 21 (15 + 6) complex Up to a point known 50 complexes (31 + 19) Up to a region known 49+ complexes =about 100 treasures In the archaeological context during the excavation – 1 The place is known and fairly investigated -3+2 Of them in the settlements - 3 outside the settlements -2 Issue 2: The amount of non-ferrous metal in the disposal of population The amount non-ferrous metals, which were in use, are very large. However, gold is not represented at all, and silver is poor-quality. Issue 3 What do the complex reflect? In the complexes deposited or an individual attire, male or female, or a number of them, belonging to a small group (maximum 5 -6 individuals). At the same time there are complexes with unpaired things and scrap. Female + male male й Female Jeweler treasure templates and tools Issue 4 Elite? Potestarian structure? Deposition of these hoards was not “hiding treasures”. The “wealth” of these complexes is alleged. Unification of the composition of a set of ornaments reflectsthe overall homogeneity and “egalitarianism” of material culture in the third quarter of 1st Millenium in the region in question. On the basis of these materials, it is impossible to draw a conclusion neither an “elite” nor the “Potestarian structure”. The “wealth” of these complexes is alleged Reconstruction of a female and a girl's dresses (burial cemetery Louchistoue - Krimea and burial in Mokhnach) Issue 5 Dating 1. Silver stamps 577 г. (Dodd, 1961. № 23; Mango, 1994. S. 36–38; Pekarskaja, Kidd, 1994. № 99. Taf. 47–50) Martinovka Soudza-Zamostie Константин IV (668–685). Rodinkova-Zalesskaya 2012 Coins Фоллис, Константинополь, 14 год правления, ок.35 мм. Такой год м.б.только либо у Юстиниана = тот же 95a или у Маврикия =67d, что означает, что это либо 540/541 (MIB Iustinianus I 95a) либо 595/596 (MIB Mauricius 67D?), на Балканах в обращении до 592 в массе и 610 единицами и до 610...613 и единицами в сер. VII в., соответственно. Рабочие определения И комментарии П.В. Шувалова MIB-IUSTINIANUS_I_95a Фоллис DNIVSTINI-ANVSPPAVC Константинополь первая оффицина 17 год правления = 543/544, сохранность очень хорошая (по моим данным анализа балканских кладов в обращении на Балканах в массе до 585, а единицами до 602) Комплекс с сасанидской монетой сасанидская драхма Кавада I, второе правление (499531) определение – Вяч. С. Intermediate conclusion The existence of such a usage (a cultural norm), as a mass deposition of the elements of ceremonial costume in hoards, is a sign of the cultural unity of the ancient community. This community can not be correlated with “Antes” descrided in written sources. Questions: Were hoards complexes of prolonged accumulation? How can be characterized the deposition of hoards (gradual, one-time, deliberate, etc.)? What compelled to deposit the sets of elements of the traditional ceremonial dress in a plurality of treasures? What is the role of the ”treasures of artisans”, containing serial things, scrap and ingots? Thank you for attention!
