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THE FUNCTIONAL STYLES OF MODERN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Fayzulloyeva Zilola Zafarovna
Teacher Samarkand State
Institute of Foreign Languages (Uzbekistan)
Abstract. This article discusses the features of the functional styles of modern
English, their language functions in the field of communication. Various scholars
provide their formulations regarding the functions of the language, paying attention to
the distinctive features of styles and their purpose in speech.
Linguistics, gradually embracing all areas of functioning of the language with
its attention turned to expressive language means in the broad sense of the word,
investigates those phenomena of the language that go beyond phonetics, lexicology
and grammar and are determined by various conditions and purposes of use in speech.
All these numerous and varied phenomena are covered by the concept of style.
The variety of functional styles in modern English is extremely bright and
diverse, since the very concept of functional style is directly related to the concept of
linguistic variability. The distinctive features and features of styles depend on social
purposes, on combinations of language functions that prevail in the field of
communication, in addition, the features of styles also depend on the purpose of
communication, for example, it can be the communication of information, the
expression of emotions, or the motivation for action.
Functional style is a kind of literary language that performs a specific function
in communication [Solganik 2001: 169].
According to M.P. Brandes, five functions are characteristics of style (there is
no consensus among scientists on the number of functions inherent in the language),
therefore, he distinguishes five functional styles such as formal, scientific and
technical, newspaper and journalistic, literary and artistic, colloquial [Brandes 2001:
15].
According to I.V. Arnold, functional styles are language subsystems, each of
which has its own specific features in vocabulary and phraseology, in syntactic
constructions, and sometimes in phonetics [Arnold 1990:247]. As the linguist notes,
the most common division of functional styles is their division into two groups of styles
which are bookish and colloquial. The first of them corresponds to a premeditated
speech of communication with a wide range of people, and the second corresponds to
an unprepared speech of everyday communication. Varieties of these two styles are
four more sub-styles such as poetry style, scientific style, newspaper style, colloquial
style. I.V. Arnold does not single out such an important style-forming area as official
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jahon ilmiy – metodik jurnali
business correspondence, official documents, etc. All types of documents have much
in common, and they cannot be attributed either to the newspaper style, or to colloquial
speech, and, moreover, to poetry. [Arnold 1990: 149]
Another classification was proposed by V.V. Vinogradov. Based on the
allocation of such language functions as communication, message and impact, he
suggested that the function of communication is implemented in everyday style, but
the function of distribution of information is fulfilled in everyday business, official
documentary and scientific styles, while the function of influence is practised in artistic
and journalistic styles [Vinogradov 1963: 252].
I. R. Galperin distinguishes five functional styles which are artistic style,
journalistic style, newspaper style, style of official documents or official style, style of
scientific prose or scientific style. The linguist believes that speech styles are
distinguished as certain systems in the literary language, primarily in connection with
the purpose of the message. Each speech style has a more or less precise purpose, which
determines its functioning and its linguistic features. So, for the newspaper style, the
main goal is information and advertising, the purpose of the journalistic style is
persuasion, calling to action, an assessment of the facts of reality. The purpose of the
business style is to establish the conditions, restrictions and forms of further
cooperation of two or more people. The purpose of the style of scientific prose is to
prove certain provisions, hypotheses, argumentation, etc. [Galperin 1958: 343].
Another linguist, G. Ya. Solganik, like I. R. Galperin, taking into account the
functions of the language, distinguishes the following functional styles that are
colloquial, scientific, formal, newspaper publicistic and artistic [Solganik 2001: 169].
Thus, the functional styles of modern English are very diverse. And the
classification of styles is carried out by different researchers in very different ways. In
English language the same as in Russian, speech styles differ not only in expressive
means and techniques, but also in general specificity.
References:
1. Arnold, I. V. Stylistics of the modern English language. - M.: Education, 1990. P. 169
2. Brandes, M. P., Provotorov, V. I. Pre-translation analysis of the text Publisher:
NVI-TEZAURUS, 2001. — P. 15-16
3. Vinogradov, V. V. Plot and style, M., 1963. - P. 252
4. Galperin, I. R. Essays on the style of the English language - M.: Publishing house
of literature in foreign languages, 1958. - P. 343
5. Solganik, G. Ya. Stylistics of the text. - M.: Enlightenment, 2001. - P. 169
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6. Ulfatovna R. A. BADIIY PERSONAJLARNING HISSIYOTLARINI
NAMOYON QILISHDA MUBOLAG ‘A (GIPERBOLA) NING QO
‘LLANILISHI (O ‘ZBEK VA INGLIZ TILLARI MISOLIDA) //Proceedings of
International Conference on Modern Science and Scientific Studies. – 2022. – Т.
3. – С. 245-252.
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