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Чайная торговля в Гуанчжоу во второй половине XVIII-начале XIXвв. (некоторые особенности)

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HistoryofChina-LaleCh ing. 1800-l9lL Cambridge,
1978.Vol. X. P 16G169.
t Greenbe,A
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't r /. C v. Ther;e of DodcmChiDa.Oxford,2000 P. 143.
i Cr'",,4.'Ihe irsolvencyofthe ChireseHorg Merchants.
1760,1843.
Siigapore,1971.P 33.
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