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Rropoii nonoBrire XVIII - HaqaneXIX BB.6Lu HeroJr!rc oAHlIM I,t3caMbri ]iocrpeooBaHHhrx troproB Bocroqnoi A3ru, Ho i'r c rorrKrl 3peHur ocyqesrBnenlu ToproBoia AeqreJrbHocrn, a qacrsocTl.t ,rMnopTa qa.q,orBeqar 6onLurmcrBy Tpe6oBaHHi cBoero BpeMenn-qro Kacaerct qaiHoi roproBnn, ro BpaccMarpuBaeMEri neproa oHa crana He ronbr{o KararBaropoM pa3Burxt fyaHqxoy n Bcero perroHa B rrenoM, Ho n cbrrpaira BaxHyro ponb B pa3Bxrux BHeuHeroprorHx grHorueHnI KrrTa' co cTpaHaM{3anaaa. rloMrMo c& qFoctpaFur3axynur B Knraeitlenft-c6rpeu, co(ap,Mycryc,GMOapr oapOop,peBes6. ccpe6prlHe.3ororde,rarcBre rrAerlr q !p. Bceronoprlka ?0 narvenoBasnn roBapoB. OAHarcrl!rpyl.'r'rle to3lurr 3atsrMd rMnopr !ac. B pa3!6rerolLr os cocraBrrr or ?0!o 90 % or scexrwoprrpyerrx :The Ca'nbridge HistoryofChina-LaleCh ing. 1800-l9lL Cambridge, 1978.Vol. X. P 16G169. t Greenbe,A M.Bririshtade andtheopeningofChina,1800 1842.Camb.idge,1952.P.2l-40. 't r /. C v. Ther;e of DodcmChiDa.Oxford,2000 P. 143. i Cr'",,4.'Ihe irsolvencyofthe ChireseHorg Merchants. 1760,1843. Siigapore,1971.P 33. 6fW nepg x aMepntuEcKwrcpa6neii, npn6sButx B ftas@y rc Eocrasa,.ocrcra rpu66rnr or npoaaxr rcroporo MratckrM (yduaM Bsaque MoEa aoxoaerBro 500 %. Ho nocrercEBo !px6!F! Haquana.rar6,tr ocHoBtson darBenNnopra rocxe 1787n crua nyurrrEdia 3akeii carldoBoe 239 c ! ooposos oq!x,, sauaubrMoporo. m( , ao 3roro n)THHs6,, {:pj:: faMicn.a:c:pGoB 3,aerren,Ho cokparrrlcL rxe ( 1830n Fr Meichanrs. ta$.l,eBand the Chrnanadeof Boston// BostonBe Joumal. Vol. 21, N, 8. Sep_ 197'Clz,r \ T h cC a , n b r i d gHei s i o r y o f c h i n a . Ia r eC h . i n gi.8 0 0 t 9 l t . \ o t . X . e r 0 9 . ^aroBckar ctrcRw r1rprc36ix @otrlenHiinomaffi.R ,.B",r.p,!"," *; ; ;;;il ;;;;e;;;i:ffi;# KJc eBpotrenqaM{ 3 porr J"?1"""fi:1"_fiff.ffi.#jffj:xl ! s;oa,Bsm | 66ur BrrMar'c, ,reps nocpqcrBo ",,rp",il,r;i;;;;;"-;.,r;ffi#;". r<nralc*x r,?rrro", rupcHroBnpr6bBurx lrHocroaHH6xMoB I ";;;;;;;* ;,;;;;;;#il;;;;,l"frfi::'y"J"*fi ffi"'#x#:fi"1i,1,iliffiffi :::.-:ltlt-.t"rr !:;";;ianc*x r.'r!oB. rpqwre rc!ra,\a6, esponenueB c (mar"i"_ a 3anpenrsmc6.3. oakropra, r roroprix xnu rno*p"_,r"i, "-p"ii"ii* -cs"d";" ;;;;;;."* rcmponev s 66rrs co6cfternocto rynuor _ vrenos <rpmaquaru xagoD. 4. ;";;;;*_ 'Eocrpa eB3mw'en6qo orpas,,r{ssacb. c r."ma olH"_,.p...4. arh BM,sao.5. rHocrpaHuaM ".."nu "o;;;;l,y^-[-;""d* enpeura,ocL oryorecruqr" oi"" o.n'ocpaduavka,ercpnee _r";r_"_.",i"*"""1-p.-"i#;;;fii; ",i,i,,cv ", c o60; cdx xs k 'seil. 7. Kqbtc*u noa;HHU\ rmpeuarocs 6parsy rxoirp:,;;;;;;;;;;.* :,.1::.::l_'fl:!:i"T""pnBe3eHHr'rrcBap,Ho$parxuersunvomarirNem;"";,;";;";,; ,t lrrooeaiu'r, coaepumure ipecryrue*e ," *,,"ii*oi ^q::_o^TliT: coHacso qrHcrcMy raroHo! " M o ^ e H I t h e C i t d so f C h i n a .L o n ; o n . I 9 0 a p ilffl*/1, n. r"-*'i"c *pp""op,,, ;;r;; E. M"urtains. Fujianandchinareatrade,1757_1e37. Berkley, lee4.p.35. u lbid. P 36. ',vaq,,r.t. R@*iF. S.fh;nes."so(ieryin lhe tSrhcenruryLondon,Ia87.p t0a. r.nense ara growtl ot ( otonrarpod ciriesin Aeia/ ed.b) D Basup t 52. ' rcmpur \roxRo or'ro {o6h | 6cr. ecnr ftnaF.k Korcpo{ynpxHaarexanqncu, BrolxBUI I s r rc <qanHo'>trpoBrgun!, ! np"acra"*enn .qa"u io-u y*-***;o qatHfix nocraBok npoqecce l.X"y:;:r* ;l;::H"ffJ#?"tif::%,i[ffii f"i'f,il?#.] i?"T#Il;,, o,* """ t' Gade a R. Op. cit. P. 36. 'fr'.,,{ T h ei n $ t k n c y o t r h e C h i n e sHeo n gM e r c h a n F p .. 5 0 5 J . o ? . ,.",,trii,i,?!i,!?!f;()iliffL"T:ff#iu1:lYonopo,v:a(tudvoffteFn8,'\hEa :l Gardella R.Op cit.P. t83. )r qakb fawp, Xrak rlrd todlH. \aHETrn Ba||' (Oy) xas. fyaq,rxoy, 2006. C. I I 5. r T \ c r i s ea n o s r o M41vrb, ho f ( o t o n r d t p o d c n i e :r nA \ i a , e d .b eD . B a , up t b o v . r E d ea n dc r r r t i T a r i oi nnr h ct r d i d nO c e a na:nc c o n o , n i c h . . r o r yt o r n r h en s eo f ro 1750.Carb.idge,1985.p i97ff 16P61HdqHa rcropoM ylaqqrftn aoroBapnBarorcr o nocraBr€ roBapoB Ha tsercropyo rary B