Zinaida Pogosova, National Research University Higher School of

Release from Punishment: The
Price Paid by Entepreneurs
Article 76.1 of Russian Criminal Code
Zinaida Pogosova, National Research University
Higher School of Economics, zpogosova@hse.ru
Article 76.1: main provisions
The offender who committed а crime at the first time is released from
criminal liability if the damage,
caused to an individual, organization or state as a result of the
offense transferred to the federal budget or refund to an individual in
the five-time amount of the damage.
Article 76.1: main provisions
ECONOMIC CRIMES
•
•
•
•
•
•
Illegal banking activity
Illegal abtaining of credit
Illegal use of trademark
Manipulation of market
Premeditated bankruptcy
etc.
---- crimes of medium gravity – NOT AGGRAVATED CRIMES
FREEDOM
NORMATIVE ALTERNATIVE
5 000. –
1 mln.
rubl.
CRIMINAL
RECORD
6 – 180
mln.
rubl.
Amounts of fines which should be paid
under legal regulation
FINE 5 000 RUB. – 1 MLN. RUB.
Минимальная сумма штрафа
Максимальная сумма штрафа
1000 000.00р.
900 000.00р.
800 000.00р.
700 000.00р.
600 000.00р.
500 000.00р.
400 000.00р.
300 000.00р.
200 000.00р.
100 000.00р.
0.00р.
How to calculate the compensation
for freedom
Compensation = income/damage +
income/damage * 5
amount of income/damage
Х
6
=
compensation
art. 176 p.2 «Illegal obtaining of
credit»:
1 500 000 rub.
(great damage)
Х
6
=
9 000 000 руб.
Balance between fines and compensation
40000 000.00р.
35000 000.00р.
30000 000.00р.
25000 000.00р.
20000 000.00р.
15000 000.00р.
10000 000.00р.
5000 000.00р.
0.00р.
Минимальный размер наказания
Максимальный размер наказания
Минимальная сумма возмещения
Implementation of economic crimes articles:
statistical data
900
800
700
600
500
Обязательные работы
400
Штраф
Всего осуждено
300
200
100
0
2009 г.
Всего осуждено
Штраф
2010 г.
2011 г.
Обязательные работы
2012 г.
2013 г.
2011
< 5 тыс.руб.
2012
5-25 тыс.руб.
25-500 тыс.руб
2013 (I ПОЛУГОДИЕ)
500 тыс.руб. -1 млн. руб.
> 1 млн. руб
0
0
0
0
0
1
12
25
39
53
88
93
96
178
188
Infliction of penalty (2011 – 2013 JanuaryJune)
Conviction and Release from criminal liability
(2011 – 2013 I h.y.)
Всего осуждено
Освобождено от уголовной ответственности
15%
21%
19%
79%
85%
81%
Problem
• Release from criminal liability by paying
compensation is not realised
• According to the rational choice approach it is
profitable for the offender to be prosecuted
Research question
• What Price business representatives should
Pay to have the opportunity to develop
economic activity?
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
http://www.hse.ru
zpogosova@hse.ru