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73 «Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 781, 2007 ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï.3 /35/ Â.Ì. Àæàæà, Â.ß. Ñâåðäëîâ, À.À. Êîíäðàòîâ ... Âëèÿíèå óñëîâèé êðèñòàëëèçàöèè íà ... ɍȾɄ 669.245:536.42. ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɍɋɅɈȼɂɃ ɄɊɂɋɌȺɅɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɇȺ ɆȺɄɊɈɋɄɈɉɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɎɊɈɇɌ ɄɊɂɋɌȺɅɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɂ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇɈȿ ɋɈȼȿɊɒȿɇɋɌȼɈ ɆɈɇɈɄɊɂɋɌȺɅɅɈȼ NI-ɋɉɅȺȼɈȼ ȼ.Ɇ. Ⱥɠɚɠɚ1), ȼ.ə. ɋɜɟɪɞɥɨɜ 1), Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɧɞɪɚɬɨɜ 1), Ⱥ.ȼ. Ȼɨɝɭɫɥɚɟɜ 2), ȼ.ȼ. Ʉɥɨɱɢɯɢɧ 2) ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ», ɝ. ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ ,ɭɥ. Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ 1, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ e-mail : sverdlov@kipt.kharkov.ua 2) ɈȺɈ «Ɇɨɬɨɪ – ɋɢɱ», ɝ. Ɂɚɩɨɪɨɠɶɟ ,ɭɥ. 8 Ɇɚɪɬɚ 15, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ 10 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2007ɝ. 1) ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɇȼ-4 ɢ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɨɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɣ ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɢɫɫɢɩɚɰɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɄɅɘɑȿȼɕȿ ɋɅɈȼȺ: ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɵ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ, ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ, ɹɱɟɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ. ɉɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ. Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ Ni-ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɠɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɝɚɡɨɬɭɪɛɢɧɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ [1]. ȼ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɢɡ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨ-Ȼɪɢɞɠɦɟɧɭ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɜɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɵ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɇȼ-4, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ 35%W ɢ 65%Ni. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɬɪɚɜɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɨɩɚɬɤɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ Z ɥɨɩɚɬɤɢ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɪɢɜɢɡɧɵ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢ, ɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɧɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦɵ [1]. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɡɚɤɚɥɤɨɣ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ [2, 3]. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɇȼ-4 ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɠɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɢɤɟɥɹ. ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɕ ɂ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ɗɄɋɉȿɊɂɆȿɇɌȺ ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɫɩɥɚɜɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɢɤɟɥɹ ɇȼ-4 (Ɍɍ 192-112-87) ɢ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ (Ɍɍ 1-92-177-91). ɋɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɍɍ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ.1. ɋɩɥɚɜ ɇȼ-4 ɀɋ32-ȼɂ Ni ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɋɩɥɚɜ ɇȼ-4 ɀɋ32-ȼɂ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɇȼ-4 ɢ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ, % W C Cr Co Mo Al Nb 32-36 7,7-9,5 0,124,3-5,6 8,00,8-1,4 5,6-6,3 1,4-1,8 0,18 10,0 (ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 1) ɉɪɢɦɟɫɢ Fe Si S P Pb 1,0 0,04 0,015 0,015 1,0 0,01 0,015 0,001 Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ Ta 3,5-4,5 Bi 0,0005 Re 3,54,5 74 Â.Ì. Àæàæà, Â.ß. Ñâåðäëîâ, À.À. Êîíäðàòîâ ... «Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 781, 2007 Ɇɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɣɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɨɪɭɧɞɚ, ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɡ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨ ɨɬ 0,4 ɞɨ 10 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ, ɚ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ G|20°ɋ/ɦɦ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɠɢɞɤɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦ Ga-25%In, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ~16°ɋ [4]. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɡɚɤɚɥɤɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ. Ɂɚɤɚɥɤɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ɇɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 9 ɢ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ~150ɦɦ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɥɢɮɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɬɨɜɵɦ ɤɪɭɝɨɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɥɢɮɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ (ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ 2:1:1) ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 30-40 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. Ɇɢɤɪɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɚ Neophot-32. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɦɟɬɪɟ «ȾɊɈɇ4» ɜ Cu-KD-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ. ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɕ ɂ ɂɏ ɈȻɋɍɀȾȿɇɂȿ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ, ɜɨɝɧɭɬɵɣ, ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ GTZ/ GTR, ɢ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɦɟɠɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ «ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥ - ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ», ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɫɬɚ R ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɩɨ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ W [1] W=R= dx , dW (1) Qɨɬɜ=QL + Qɩɨɞɜ , (2) ɝɞɟ Qɨɬɜ – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɨɬɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɬ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ; QL ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ; Qɩɨɞɜ - ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɤ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ. ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ [1], ɱɬɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɢɥɢ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɦ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ (ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ). ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ GTR ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɨɬɥɢɜɤɢ, ɬɨ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɝɧɭɬɵɦ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ. ȼ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ GTR ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɬ ɨɬɥɢɜɤɢ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɩɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɬɨ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ 'Ɍ=ɌL - TS ɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɬɜɨɞ ɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɟ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɪɯ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ. ɋɥɭɱɚɣ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɬɜɨɞɟ ɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɟ, ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚɯ 'Ɍ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ ɜɵɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ W. ȼ ɡɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ Ni-33,6%W ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ R=0,4…10 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [3]: ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ o ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɦ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ o ɜɵɬɹɧɭɬɵɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ o ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ o ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɵ. ȼ ɫɩɥɚɜɟ ɇȼ-4 ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ Ni33,6%W ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ R=0,4…10 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɨɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɤ ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.1 ɚ, ɛ, ɜ, ɝ, ɞ). ɇɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ, ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ R=0,4 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ ɢ 1,2 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɥ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.1 ɚ, ɛ) ɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɚɥɤɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫ ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɦ ɮɪɨɧɬɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ (ɫɦ. ɜɟɪɯɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ «ɤɨɥɥɚɠɚ» ɪɢɫ.1 ɚ, ɛ). ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɡɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɦɢ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɇȼ-4 ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ «ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɚɹ» ɮɨɪɦɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫ «ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ» ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ. ɗɬɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ Ni33,6%W. 75 Âëèÿíèå óñëîâèé êðèñòàëëèçàöèè íà ... ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 3 /35/ ɚ ɜ ɛ ɝ ɞ Ɋɢɫ.1. ɉɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɲɥɢɮɵ ɡɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ Ni-33,6%W ɚ – R=0,4 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ; ɛ – R=1,2 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ; ɜ – R=2,6 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ; ɝ – R=4,0 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ; ɞ – R=10 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ Ⱦɥɹ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɇȼ-4 ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ Ni-35,7%W, ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ Al, Ti, Cr, Mo ɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɚ Ni-C%W, C=30; 35,7; 37,8; 39,9 (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ.2, ɪɢɫ.2 ɢ ɪɢɫ.3) ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɚɫɶ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɛɨɥɵ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɨɫɢ Z ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ (ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ Al, Ti ɢ ɫ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɚ Ni-30%W). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ (10 ɦɦ, 6 ɦɦ, 5 ɦɦ, 4 ɦɦ) ɞɥɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ Al, Ti, Cr, Mo. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ. ȼ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɇȼ-4 ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɝɢɩɟɪɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ Ni-30%W (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ.2). Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɚ 35,7%; 37,8%; 39,9 ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ 76 Â.Ì. Àæàæà, Â.ß. Ñâåðäëîâ, À.À. Êîíäðàòîâ ... «Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 781, 2007 ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ: ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 8 ɦɦ; 20 ɦɦ; 22 ɦɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɤɨɧɝɪɭɷɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (Ni-36,8%W) ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ 'Ɍ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ [5] ɩɪɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ: G m C (1 k ) t L 0 , R kD (3) ɝɞɟ G – ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɟ ɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ; R – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ; mL – ɬɚɧɝɟɧɫ ɭɝɥɚ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɭɫɚ; C0 – ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɟ; k – ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ; D – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɟ. Ɋɢɫ.2. Ɂɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ Ni-W ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɚ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɤɨɧɝɪɭɷɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. R=4,0 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ. ɚ – Ni-30%W; ɛ – Ni-35,7%W; ɜ – Ni-37,8%W; ɝ – Ni-39,9%W. ɗɬɨɬ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɭɞɨɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ [1]: G 'T t , R D (4) ɝɞɟ 'Ɍ – ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɭɫɚ ɢ ɫɨɥɢɞɭɫɚ. ɋɥɨɠɧɨɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɠɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɣ ɫɩɥɚɜ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɇȼ-4 ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ 'ɌɄɊ=ɌL-TS = 67°C [1]. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ 77 Âëèÿíèå óñëîâèé êðèñòàëëèçàöèè íà ... ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 3 /35/ ɋɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ȼɵɫɨɬɚ + (ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ) ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɝɨ (ɜɨɝɧɭɬɨɝɨ) ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ 0,4 10,0 0,3Al 4,0 +10 30 4,0 Ni-C%W 35,7 37,8 4,0 39,9 +22 4,0 +20 1,2 2,6 +10 ȼɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ +14 6,8 -20 ȼɨɝɧɭɬɵɣ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ 4,0 -15 ɍɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɚ 4,0 +8 ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɚ 4,0 +7 ɝɢɩɟɪɛɨɥɚ 4,0 +4 ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɚ ȼɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ +5 ȼɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɤɨɧɭɫ Ni-35,7%W-X%Me 0,13Ti 0,68Cr 0,72Mo 4,0 +6 ȼɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɝɢɩɟɪɛɨɥɚ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɡɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ Ni-ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ Ni-33,6%W 4,0 +3 2,6 +7 ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɚ ȼɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ +7 ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɚ 1,2 - ɉɥɨɫɤɢɣ - ȼɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɤɨɧɭɫ ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, R, ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ ɋɩɥɚɜ ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ 10,0 -30 78 «Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 781, 2007 Â.Ì. Àæàæà, Â.ß. Ñâåðäëîâ, À.À. Êîíäðàòîâ ... ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ R=1,2-2,6 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.4). ɉɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜɨɝɧɭɬɵɣ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.5). ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɩɪɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɇȼ-4 ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ R=0,4 ɢ 1,2 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.1 ɚ, ɛ). ɋ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ Q ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɤ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɨɦ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɣ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɨɬɜɨɞɭ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɋɢɫ.3. Ɂɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ Ni-35,7%W ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ Al, Ti, Cr, Mo. R=4,0 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ. ɚ – Ni-35,7%W-0,3%Al; ɛ – Ni-35,7%W-0,13%Ti; ɜ – Ni-35,7%W-0,68%Cr; ɝ – Ni-35,7%W-0,72%Mo. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɞɢɫɫɢɩɚɰɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨ-ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɥɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɪɢ R=2,6; 4,0; 10 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɨɬɜɨɞɭ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ R=20 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɬɜɨɞ ɫ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɦ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ. ȼ ɫɩɥɚɜɟ ɇȼ-4, ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ Al, Ti, Cr, Mo ɩɪɢ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ R=4 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ Ni-33,6%W, ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ, ɨɬɬɟɫɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɤ<1, ɝɞɟ ɤ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ Al, Ti, Cr, Mo. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɥɚɫɶ, 79 Âëèÿíèå óñëîâèé êðèñòàëëèçàöèè íà ... ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 3 /35/ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɥɚɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥɨ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɨɣ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɥɭɤɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɦ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɨɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɣ ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɗɜɨɥɸɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɫɬɢ: ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ GT, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ R ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɋ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥ-ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ GT, R, C, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ [6]. ɚ ɛ Ɋɢɫ.4. Ɂɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ ɫ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɦ ɮɪɨɧɬɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚ- R=1,2 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ; ɛ - R=2,6 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ. ɚ ɛ ɜ Ɋɢɫ.5. Ɂɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ ɫ ɜɨɝɧɭɬɵɦ ɮɪɨɧɬɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɚ -R=4,0 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ; ɛ - R=6,8 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ; ɜ- R=10,0 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ. 80 Â.Ì. Àæàæà, Â.ß. Ñâåðäëîâ, À.À. Êîíäðàòîâ ... «Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 781, 2007 ȼɕȼɈȾɕ 1. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɦ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (GT, R) ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɋ. Ƚɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ GT ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ R ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɭ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɋ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɭ. ɉɪɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ GT ɢ R ɷɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ. 2. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɚɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ. 3. ȼ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɠɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɨɦ ɫɩɥɚɜɟ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ R=1,2…2,6 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ. ɉɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ R ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɝɧɭɬɵɦ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ. ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ 1. Ɋ.ȿ. ɒɚɥɢɧ, ɂ.Ʌ. ɋɜɟɬɥɨɜ, ȿ.Ȼ. Ʉɚɱɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ. Ɇɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɵ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɠɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ. - Ɇ.: Ɇɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, 1997. - 336ɫ. 2. Ƚ.ɇ. ɉɚɧɤɢɧ, ȼ.ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, ȼ.Ɉ. ȿɫɢɧ ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨ-ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɫɚɦɛɥɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ // ȼɵɫɨɤɨɱɢɫɬɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. - 1995. - ʋ1. - ɋ.82-88. 3. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ. - Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1980. - Ɍ.3: Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ. - 408ɫ. 4. ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɥɢɜɨɤ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ: Ⱦɟɤɥ. ɩɚɬ. ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ 49616Ⱥ, 7B22D27/04 /ȼ.Ɇ. Ⱥɠɚɠɚ, Ⱦ.Ƚ. Ɇɚɥɵɯɢɧ, Ƚ.ɉ. Ʉɨɜɬɭɧ ɢ ɞɪ. (ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ) - ʋ2002010135: Ɂɚɹɜɥ. 03.01.02; Ɉɩɭɛɥ. 16.09.02. Ȼɸɥ. ʋ 9 – 4 ɫ. 5. Ɇ. Ɏɥɟɦɢɧɝɫ ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɟɜɚɧɢɹ. - Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ, 1973. – 423ɫ. 6. ɇ.Ʉ. Ɂɚɫɢɦɱɭɤ Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ, ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ // Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɢ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. – 2001. - Ɍ.23, ʋ3. - ɋ.293323. INFLUENCE OF SOLIDIFICATION CONDITIONS ON MACROSCOPIC CRYSTALLIZATION FRONT AND STRUCTURAL PERFECTION OF NI-ALLOYS SINGLE CRYSTALS. V.M. Azhazha1), V.J. Sverdlov1), A.A. Kondratov1), A.V. Boguslajev2), V.V. Klochikhin2), 1) “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” National Science Center, Akademicheskaya str.1, 61108 Kharkov, Ukraine, E-mail: sverdlov@kipt.kharkov.ua 2) PJSC “Motor-Sich”, 8th of March str.15, Zaporozhye 69068, Ukraine The influence of solidification conditions (temperature gradient and direct solidification velocity) as well as alloyed elements concentration on macroscopic growth front of Ni-alloys NV-4 and ZS32-VI single crystals has been investigated. Experimentally obtained optimal parameters of growing single crystals with perfect structure correspond to a sharp form of macroscopic solidification front with a top in the form of separately growing dendrite cell. The relationship between the morphology of a cell structure and the form of macroscopic growth front of a single crystal, which are formed in the process of energy crystallization dissipation is analyzed. KEY WORDS: Ni-alloys single crystal, macroscopic crystallization front, structural perfection, cell structure, self-organization.
