Традиционная Медицина --- Растущие Потребности и Потенциал

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bcgjkmpjdfybt NV ghbdtkj r cjplfyb. d j,otcndtyyjv
plhfdjj[hfytybb yjds[ ghj,ktv c njxrb phtybz gjkbnbrb^ ,tpjgfcyjcnb^ ’aatrnbdyjcnb b rfxtcndf^ ljcnegyjcnb b hfpevyjuj bcgjkmpjdfybz vtnjljd NV (,jrc 2)&
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cgtwbfkbcns 2 b ytghfdbntkmcndtyyst jhufybpfwbb
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NV^ rfr jlyjuj bp bcnjxybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz (,jrc 3)&
Hbc& 1& Yfctktybt vyjub[ hfpdbdf.ob[cz cnhfy bcgjkmpetn NV rfr
gjdctlytdyjt chtlcndj eljdktndjhtybz gjnht,yjcntq d vtlbwbycrjq gjvjob^ d nj dhtvz rfr dj vyjub[ hfpdbns[ cnhfyf[ LFV
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Abith G& b Ejhl A&^ 1994 u&* Plhfdjj[hfytybt Rfyfls^ 2001 u&* Dctvbhyfz
juhfybpfwbz plhfdjj[hfytybz (DJP)^ 1999 u&* f nfr;t ghtlcnfdktyyst DJP
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ktxtybz^ jcyjdfyyst yf bcgjkmpjdfybb ktxt,ys[ cdjqcnd hfcntybq^ ;bdjnys[ b#bkb vbythfkmys[ bcnjxybrjd^ f nfr;t vtnjls
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n = byjulf drk.xftn lfyysq vtnjl ktxtybz#nthfgtdnbxtcre. vtnjlbre
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1
2
D ,jkmibycndt ckexftd d lfyyjv ljrevtynt bcgjkmpetncz nthvby ‘nhflbwbjyyfz vtlbwbyf\ (NV)& Jlyfrj^ d ytrjnjhs[ hfpdbns[ cnhfyf[^ ult
ljvbybhe.ofz cbcntvf plhfdjj[hfytybz ,fpbhetncz yf fkkjgfnbxtcrjq vtlbwbyt^ bkb ult NV yt drk.xtyf d yfwbjyfkmye. cbcntve plhfdjj[hfytybz^
bcgjkmpetncz nthvby ljgjkybntkmyfz b fkmnthyfnbdyfz vtlbwbyfs (LAM)&
Gjl ghfrnbre.obvb nhflbwbjyye. vtlbwbye j,sxyj bvt.ncz d dble yfhjlyst wtkbntkb^ rjcnjghfds^ pyfnjrb ktrfhcndtyys[ nhfd b lh& Gjl
ghfrnbre.obvb cgtwbfkbcnfvb gj nhflbwbjyyjq vtlbwbyt gjybvf.ncz^ rfr ghfrnbre.obt nhflbwbjyye. vtlbwbye yfhjlyst wtkbntkb^ nfr b
ghjatccbjyfks fkkjgfnbxtcrjq vtlbwbys^ nfrbt rfr dhfxb^ lfynbcns b vtlbwbycrbt ctcnhs^ rjnjhst bcgjkmpe.n nthfgtdnbxtcrbt vtnjls NV#LAM lkz
ktxtybz gfwbtynjd^ yfghbvth^ vyjubt dhfxb-fkkjgfns bcgjkmpe.n bukjerfksdfybt lkz ktxtybz cdjb[ gfwbtynjd&
Cnh& 1% Gthcgtrnbds gjkbnbrb DJP d j,kfcnb ktrfhcndtyys[ ghtgfhfnjd --- Nhflbwbjyyfz Vtlbwbyf -- Hfcneobt Gjnht,yjcnb b Gjntywbfk
<jrc 2& Rk.xtdfz byajhvfwbz lkz nt[^
rnj ajhvbhetn gjkbnbxtcrbq rehc
E NV drk.xftn hfpkbxyst vtnjlbrb^ gjl[jls^
pyfybz b dthjdfybz^ j,]tlbyz.obt nhflbwbjyyst vtnjls ktxtybz^ jcyjdfyyst yf bcgjkmpjdfybb ktxt,ys[ cdjqcnd hfcntybq^ ;bdjnys[ b#
bkb vbythfkmys[ bcnjxybrjd^ f nfr;t cgbhbnefkmye. nthfgb.^ vfyefkmye. nthfgb. b
abpbxtcrbt eghf;ytybz&
E NV dct ,jkmit bcgjkmpetncz lkz ktxtybz ibhjrjuj cgtrnhf pf,jktdfybq rfr d hfpdbns[^ nfr b d
hfpdbdf.ob[cz cnhfyf[&
E Dct ,jkmit cnhfy ghbybvftn yfwbjyfkmye.
gjkbnbre d j,kfcnb NV b cjltqcndetn hfpdbnb.
cgtwbfkmys[ ghfdjds[ yjhv^ jcj,tyyj d
j,kfcnb nhfdjktxtybz& Dct ,jkmit b ,jkmit
ghbpyftncz b jghtltkztncz hjkm NV d yfwbjyfkmyjq cbcntvt plhfdjj[hfytybz&
E Yfexyst ljrfpfntkmcndf^ gjkextyyst d htpekmnfnt rkbybxtcrb[ hfyljvbpfwbjyys[ bccktljdfybq^ cdbltntkmcnde.n j, ’aatrnbdyjcnb
ghbvtytybz d ,jkmibycndt ckexftd bukjerfksdfybz b d ytrjnjhs[ ckexfz[ vtnjljd nhfdjktxtybz b vfyefkmyjq nthfgbb&
E Jlyfrj^ d ,jkmibycndt yfexyjq kbnthfnehs gj
NV ghbdjlzncz ytfltrdfnyst ljrfpfntkmcndf gj
,tpjgfcyjcnb b ’aatrnbdyjcnb NV% jgbcsdf.ncz bylbdblefkmyst ckexfb b hzl yf,k.ltybq yfl gfwbtynfvb ,tp ghbdtltybz lfyys[ gj
rjynhjkmysv uheggfv bkb uheggfv chfdytybz&
E Xhtpvthysq c,jh ktrfhcndtyys[ hfcntybq
euhj;ftn ytrjnjhsv ’rjkjubxtcrbv cbcntvfv&
E D wtkz[ j,tcgtxtybz ljcnegf r nhflbwbjyysv
ajhvfv ktxtybz b edf;bntkmyjuj jnyjitybz r
yjcbntkzv pyfybq gj NV df;yf pfobnf b cj[hfytybt ’nb[ pyfybq& Djghjcs gj j[hfyt ghfd
byntkktrnefkmyjq cj,cndtyyjcnb nht,e.n dybvfybz d yfwbjyfkmyjv b bynthyfwbjyfkmyjv
vfcinf,t&
Gjkbnbrf% hfphf,jnrf ltqcndtyys[
vth d j,kfcnb NV
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cnhfyf[ yfwbjyfkmyjq gjkbnbrb d j,kfcnb NV& Nfrfz
gjkbnbrf j,tcgtxbdftn [jhjie. ,fpe lkz jghtltktybz
hjkb NV d yfwbjyfkmyjq cbcntvt plhfdjj[hfytybz^
ufhfynbhez cjplfybt ytj,[jlbvs[ htuekbhe.ob[ b
ghfdjds[ vt[fybpvjd c wtkm.
hfpdbnbz b gjllth;rb ltqcndtyyjq ghfrnbrb d j,kfcnb NV
b j,tcgtxtybz hfdyjghfdyjuj
ljcnegf^ gjlkbyyjcnb^ ,tpjgfcyjcnb b ’aatrnbdyjcnb
vtnjljd ktxtybz&
Yfwbjyfkmyfz gjkbnbrf d
j,kfcnb NV chjxyj nht,etncz d nt[ hfpdbdf.ob[cz
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yt ,skj ghjdtltyj yflkt;fotq jwtyrb NV bkb ult NV
yt drk.xtyf d yfwbjyfkmye. cbcntve plhfdjj[hfytybz& Vyjubt hfpdbnst cnhfys nfr;t ntgthm jcjpyf.n^
xnj djghjcs NV^ cdzpfyyst^ yfghbvth^ c ,tpjgfcyjcnm. b rfxtcndjv^ kbwtypbhjdfybtv^ cnfylfhnfvb
j,extybz b ghbjhbntnfvb d bccktljdfybz[^ vjuen ,snm
kexit dctuj htitys d hfvrf[ yfwbjyfkmyjq gjkbnbrb d
j,kfcnb NV&
<tpjgfcyjcnm^ ’aatrnbdyjcnm b
rfxtcndj% htif.obt afrnjhs lkz
hfcghjcnhfytybz NV
Ghfrnbre.obt dhfxb fkkjgfnbxtcrjq vtlbwbys ghblf.n jcj,jt pyfxtybt tt yfexyjve gjl[jle b endth;lf.n^ xnj fkkjgfnbxtcrfz vtlbwbyf cdj,jlyf jn
rekmnehyjuj yfcktlbz& Vtnjls NV hfpdbdfkbcm^ crjhtt^
bysv j,hfpjv^ gjldthufzcm ,jkmijve dkbzyb. rekmnehs b bcnjhbxtcrb[ eckjdbq^ d rjnjhs[ jyb dgthdst
djpybrkb& B[ plhfdjq jcyjdjq zdkztncz wtkjcnysq
<jrc 3& Gthtxtym jcyjdys[ yfghfdktybq
gjkbnbrb b vth d j,kfcnb NV
<tpjgfcyjcnm^ ’aatrnbdyjcnm b rfxtcndj
E Cjplfybt cbcntvs htubcnhfwbb b kbwtypbhjdfybz ghfrnbr gj NV&
E Cjplfybt yfwbjyfkmys[ ghfdbk b htubcnhfwbz
ghfrnbr gj nhfdjktxtyb.&
E Cjplfybt jhufyjd ghjdthrb ,tpjgfcyjcnb nhfdjktxtybz b lheub[ vtnjljd NV&
E J,tcgtxtybt bp,bhfntkmyjq gjllth;rb lkz
rkbybxtcrb[ bccktljdfybq gj bcgjkmpjdfyb.
NV lkz ktxtybz yfb,jktt hfcghjcnhfytyys[ d
cnhfyt pf,jktdfybq&
E Hfphf,jnrf yfwbjyfkmys[ cnfylfhnjd^ nt[ybxtcrb[ erfpfybq b vtnjlbr lkz jwtyrb
,tpjgfcyjcnb^ ’aatrnbdyjcnb b rfxtcndf NV&
E Hfphf,jnrf yfwbjyfkmyjq afhvfrjgtb b vjyjuhfabq ktrfhcndtyys[ hfcntybq&
Ljcnegyjcnm
E Bltynbabrfwbz ,tpjgfcys[ b ’aatrnbdys[ vtnjljd b ghjlernjd NV&
E Gjllth;rf bccktljdfybq gj ,tpjgfcyjcnb b
’aatrnbdyjcnb ktxtybz nt[ ,jktpytq^ rjnjhst
ghtlcnfdkz.n yfb,jkmitt ,htvz^ jcj,tyyj lkz
yfb,tlytqib[ ckjtd yfctktybz&
E Ghbpyfybt hjkb cgtwbfkbcnjd gj NV d plhfdjj[hfytybb&
E Jgnbvbpfwbz b j,yjdktybt rdfkbabrfwbb
cgtwbfkbcnjd gj NV&
E Pfobnf pyfybq gj NV gjchtlcndjv b[ pfgbcb b
cj[hfytybz&
E Rekmnbdbhjdfybt b j[hfyf ktxt,ys[ hfcntybq
lkz ufhfynbb b[ ghjljk;bntkmyjuj bcgjkmpjdfybz&
Hfwbjyfkmyjt bcgjkmpjdfybt
E Hfphf,jnrf ext,ys[ herjdjlcnd gj yfb,jktt
ghbvtyztvsv d njq bkb byjq cnhfyt vtnjlfv
NV&
E Erhtgktybt b hfcibhtybt jhufybpfwbb cgtwbfkbcnjd gj NV&
E Erhtgktybt cjnhelybxtcndf vt;le cgtwbfkbcnfvb gj NV b hf,jnybrfvb lheub[ cath plhfdjj[hfytybz&
E J,tcgtxtybt ljcnjdthyjq byajhvfwbb gj ghfdbkmyjve bcgjkmpjdfyb. ghtlkfuftvs[ yfctktyb. vtnjljd b ghjlernjd NV&
E Ekexitybt dpfbvjcdzpb vt;le hf,jnybrfvb
plhfdjj[hfytybz b b[ gfwbtynfvb^ pfbynthtcjdfyysvb d ghbvtytybb NV&
Cnh& 2% Gthcgtrnbds gjkbnbrb DJP d j,kfcnb ktrfhcndtyys[ ghtgfhfnjd --- Nhflbwbjyyfz Vtlbwbyf -- Hfcneobt Gjnht,yjcnb b Gjntywbfk
gjl[jl r ;bpyb^ hfdyjdtcbt vt;le hfpevjv^ ntkjv b
jrhe;f.otq chtljq b frwtynbhjdfybt d gthde. jxthtlm yf pljhjdmt xtkjdtrf^ yt;tkb yf tuj ,jktpyz[&
J,sxyj^ ghjdjlzobq ktxtybt vtnjlfvb NV rjywtynhbhetncz yf j,otv cjcnjzybb jhufybpvf bylbdbleevf^ f yt yf ltnfkz[ ytpljhjdmz bkb rjyrhtnyjq ,jktpyb^
jn rjnjhjq cnhflftn gfwbtyn&
Nfrjq ,jktt rjvgktrcysq gjl[jl r pljhjdm. xtkjdtrf
ltkftn NV jxtym ghbdktrfntkmyjq lkz vyjub[& Jlyfrj^
ghb nfrjv gjl[jlt xhtpdsxfqyj pfnhelyztncz yfexyfz
jwtyrf^ n&r& d ’njv ckexft ljk;yj ,snm ghbyznj dj
dybvfybt ckbirjv ,jkmijt rjkbxtcndj afrnjhjd&
Lf;t jwtyrf nfrb[ ghjlernjd NV^ rfr ghtgfhfns^
bpujnjdktyyst bp ktrfhcndtyys[ nhfd^ vj;tn jrfpfnmcz
jxtym nhelyjq pflfxtq& "nj j,eckjdktyj ntv^ xnj yf
rfxtcndj ktrfhcndtyys[ nhfd jrfpsdf.n dkbzybt ytcrjkmrj afrnjhjd^ yfghbvth^ rjulf b ult ,skb cj,hfys
nhfds^ njxyjcnm bltynbabrfwbb hfcntybq b lh&
Ntv yt vtytt^ vyjubt vtnjls b ghjlerns NV bcgjkmpjdfkbcm d ntxtybt pyfxbntkmyjuj gthbjlf dhtvtyb b
ytrjnjhst yfexyst cdbltntkmcndf erfpsdf.n yf b[
vyjujj,tof.obq gjntywbfk& Yfghbvth^ ,skf jrjyxfntkmyj ghjltvjycnhbhjdfyf b ntgthm ibhjrj bpdtcnyf
’aatrnbdyjcnm ghbvtytybz bukjerfksdfybz c wtkm.
j,ktuxtybz ,jkb b njiyjns& D j,kfcnb
nhfdjktxtybz (hbc& 2) [jhjij
bpdtcnys ytrjnjhst ljrfpfntkmcndf ’aatrnbdyjcnb ktrfhcndtyys[ nhfd^ yfghbvth^ ’aatrnbdyjcnm ‘‘Artemisia annua’’ ghb
ktxtybb vfkzhbb bkb ’aatrnbdyjcnm ktrfhcndtyyjq dth,tys
ghb ktxtybb kturjq cntgtyb
ltghtccbb&
D nj ;t dhtvz hfcneott xbckj jnxtnjd
cdbltntkmcndetn j yf,k.lftvs[ d ytrjnjhs[ ckexfz[
afnfkmys[ yt,kfujghbznys[ ’aatrnf[ d htpekmnfnt
ytghfdbkmyjuj ghbvtytybz vtnjljd NV^ byajhvfwbz j
,tpjgfcyjcnb rjnjhs[ jncencndetn&
D ’njq cdzpb jgnbvfkmyjt bcgjkmpjdfybt vtnjljd NV b
hjcn e,tlbntkmyjcnb ’nb[ vtnjljd ,elen pfdbctnm jn
hfpdbnbz ,fps ljrfpfntkmcnd gj ,tpjgfcyjcnb b ’aatr-
Hbc& 2& Bvt.ncz ljcnjdthyst ljrfpfntkmcndf
’aatrnbdyjcnb ytrjnjhs[ vtnjljd nhfdjktxtybz^
jlyfrj ceotcnde.obt jwtyrb ytjlyjpyfxys&
18%
34%
48%
Bcnjxybr byajhvfwbb% <fpbhetncz yf lfyys[ gj nhfdjktxtyb.% Dpukzl^
jcyjdfyysq yf ljrfpfntkmcndf[& Therapeutics Letter^ Dsgecr 25^ b.ym-b.km
1998 u&
nbdyjcnb NV& "nj jpyfxftn^ xnj lkz pfgjkytybz
ghj,tkjd d bvt.ob[cz ljrfpfntkmcndf[^ ytj,[jlbvf
rjycjkblfwbz ceotcnde.ob[ yfwbjyfkmys[ b bynthyfwbjyfkmys[ bccktljdfybq b dctcnjhjyyfz gjllth;rf yjds[ bccktljdfybq&
Ljcnegyjcnm% rfr cltkfnm NV
ljcnegyjq b ytljhjujq
Cfvst ,tlyst cnhfys vbhf ,jkmit dctuj
ye;lf.ncz d ltitdjv b ’aatrnbdyjv ktxtybb pfhfpys[ ,jktpytq& Gj lfyysv DJP
jlyf nhtnm yfctktybz ptvyjuj ifhf lj cb[
gjh yt bvttn htuekzhyjuj ljcnegf r
jcyjdysv vtlbrfvtynfv^ f d cfvs[
,tlys[ htubjyf[ Fahbrb b Fpbb ’nf
wbahf ghtdjc[jlbn 50¢& D ’nb[ htubjyf[ ytrjnjhst ajhvs NV
zdkz.ncz pfxfcne. ,jktt ljcnegysvb
b ,jktt ltitdsvb bcnjxybrfvb vtlbwbycrjuj j,cke;bdfybz& Jlyfrj^ tckb ljcneg r NV
ljk;ty ,snm hfcibhty lkz njuj^ xnj,s gjvjxm ekexibnm gjkj;tybt plhfdjj[hfytybz^ ytj,[jlbvj htibnm
ldf djghjcf^ f bvtyyj% hfphf,jnfnm cnfylfhnyst
ljcnjdthyst gjrfpfntkb^ gjpdjkz.obt ghjdjlbnm njxye. jwtyre ehjdytq ljcnegyjcnb nhflbwbjyys[ vtnjljd ktxtybz^ b j,tcgtxbnm c,jh rfxtcndtyys[ lfyys[^
ytj,[jlbvs[ lkz dszdktybz ceotcnde.ob[ ye;l&
D wtkz[ j,tcgtxtybz yflt;yjq ,fps lkz jceotcndktybz vth gj cjltqcndb. NV ljk;ys ,snm nfr;t bltynbabwbhjdfys ,tpjgfcyst b ’aatrnbdyst vtnjls NV&
Ght;lt dctuj^ ytj,[jlbvj crjywtynhbhjdfnmcz yf
,tpjgfcys[ b ’aatrnbdys[ vtnjlf[ ktxtybz ,jktpytq^
rjnjhst zdkz.ncz nz;/ksv ,htvtytv lkz yfctktybz
,tlys[ cnhfy^ f bvtyyj^ vfkzhbb b DBX#CGBL&
Ytj,[jlbvj nfr;t hfcibhbnm cjnhelybxtcndj vt;le
cgtwbfkbcnfvb gj NV b hf,jnybrfvb j,otcndtyyjuj
plhfdjj[hfytybz& D ytrjnjhs[ cnhfyf[^ jcj,tyyj d
Fahbrt^ cdzpb vt;le^ yfghbvth^ nhflbwbjyysvb
freithrfvb b hf,jnybrfvb plhfdjj[hfytybz ecbkbkbcm& Jlyfrj^ d ,jkmibycndt cnhfy ’nb ldf nbgf
vtlbwbycrjq gjvjob bpjkbhjdfys lheu jn lheuf& D
’njq cdzpb NV hbcretn jrfpfnmcz d cnjhjyt& Djpvj;yjcnb gj j,tcgtxtyb. byajhvfwbb d j,kfcnb
NV nfr;t gjnthzys& D nj ;t dhtvz ytrjnjhst
ghfrnbreobt NV yt bvt.n ’ktvtynfhys[ vtlbwbycrb[
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Astin JA. Why patients use alternative medicine: results of a
national study. Journal of the American Medical
Association, 1998, 279(19):1548-1553.
Bodeker G et al. A regional task force on traditional medicine
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Bodeker G. Lessons on integration from the developing world s
experience. British Medical Journal, 2001, 322:164-167
(20 January).
Xfel[fhb H&H&^ Hfatq E&V& b lh& Nhflbwbjyyfz vtlbwbyf
d Fpbb& Ym.-Ltkb^ Htubjyfkmysq jabc DJP gj
>uj-Djcnjxyjq Fpbb^ 2002 u& (HJ>DF^ Htubjyfkmyst
bplfybz^ No& 39)&
Eisenberg DM et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in the
United States, 1990-1997: results of a follow-up national
survey. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1998,
280(18):1569-1575.
Fisher P & Ward A. Medicine in Europe: complementary
medicine in Europe. British Medical Journal, 1994, 309:
107-111.
Health Canada. Perspectives on Complementary and
Alternative Health Care. A Collection of Papers Prepared
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examining the present, advancing to the future [editorial].
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World Health Organization. Consultation Meeting on
Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine: Harmonizing
the Two Approaches. Geneva, World Health Organization,
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98RS/99/GE/ 32(CHN)).
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Traditional Medicine. A Report of the Workshop on
Development of National Policy on Traditional Medicine,
11-15 October 1999, Beijing, China. Manila, WHO
Regional Office for the Western Pacific.
World Health Organization. General Guidelines for
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World Health Organization. Promoting the Role of Traditional
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Region 20012010. Harare, WHO Regional Office for Africa,
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World Health Organization. Regional Consultation on
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World Health Organization. Report: Technical Briefing on
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1999).
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