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ɄɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɢɦɟɧɢɚɥɶɎɚɪɚɛɢɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɝȺɥɦɚɬɵ
(PDLO+DELEXOOD2VSDQRY#ND]QXN]
Ɋɨɥɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɵ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɨ ɪɨɥɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɬɚɤɠɟɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɜɢɞɟ
ɧɢɟɷɬɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚGɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚGɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶGɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹGɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣGɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢGɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜGɧɚGɨɫɧɨɜɟGɫɪɚɜ
ɧɟɧɢɹGɜɟɥɢɱɢɧGɫɪɟɞɧɟɣGɚɬɨɦɧɨɣG ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢGɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹGɬɜɟɪɞɵɯGɜɟɳɟɫɬɜGOɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜPGɩɨGɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸGɤGɞɚɧ
ɧɨɦɭG ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɭG ɜG ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢG ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚUG ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨG ɢG ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨG ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨSG ɱɬɨG ɜG ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬGɫɪɨɞɫɬɜɚGɞɚɧɧɨɝɨGɦɟɬɚɥɥɚGɢɥɢGɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚGɤGɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɭGɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹGɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹGɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶGɢɡ
ɦɟɧɟɧɢɹGɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢGɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹGɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜGɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦU
ɄɥɸɱɟɜɵɟGɫɥɨɜɚɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ
ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹɚɬɨɦɧɚɹɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ
ɏԔɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ
Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɞɚɪɞɵɦɟɬɚɥɥɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɬɟɪɿɦɟɧɬɨɬɵԕɬɚɪɵ
ɟɪɿɬɭɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɟɪɿɧɞɟɝɿɨɬɬɟɝɿɧɿԙɪԧɥɿ
Ʉɟɥɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ԕɵɫԕɚɲɚ ɲɨɥɭɞɚ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɞɚɪɞɵ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɬɟɪ ɬɨɬɵԕɬɚɪ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ ɟɪɿɬɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ
ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɟɪɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɨɬɬɟɝɿɧɿԙ ԥɫɟɪɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɨɥ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ԑɚɥɵɦɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɞɵԙ ɤԧɡԕɚɪɚɫɬɚɪɵ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥԑɚɧ
Ɉɬɬɟɝɿɧɿԙԕɚɬɵɫɭɵɦɟɧԕɚɬɬɵɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɛɨɣɵɧɲɚɨɪɬɚɲɚɬԛɡɿɥɭɚɬɨɦɞɵԕ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɥɚɪɵ ɧɟɝɿɡɿɧɞɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɬɟɪɿɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɭ ɦԛɦɤɿɧɞɿɝɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ
Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɞɵԙɧɟɦɟɫɟɦɟɬɚɥɞɵԙɨɬɬɟɝɿɝɟԝԕɫɚɫɬɵԑɵɧɚɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɬɟɪɞɿԙԧɬɬɟɝɿɦɟɧɬɨɬɵԑɭ
ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧɵԙɛɟɥɝɿɥɿɛɿɪԧɡɝɟɪɿɫɿɬɚɛɵɥԑɚɧɠԥɧɟɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɪɟɬɿɧɞɟɪɚɫɬɚɥԑɚɧ
ɌΟɣɿɧɫΫɡɞɟɪɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙɟɪɭɿɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɟɪɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɵԕԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɿɨɪɬɚɲɚ
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ɏɄɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ
ɞɪ.) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦɢ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
Ɋɹɞ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚɯ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ [11]. ɇɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɜ ɪɹɞ ɩɨ
ɭɛɵɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɟ ɚɜɬɨɤɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɇɚɠɢɦɚ ɢ ɉɢɬɟɪɫɚ [11]. ɂɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɳɟɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɚɦɦɢɚɱɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ (ɊɈ2 = 750 ɤɉɚ (7,5 ɚɬɦ),
ɪɇ~10,9) ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɹɞ:
Cu2S ‫ ޓ‬CuS ‫ ޓ‬Cu5FeS ‫ ޓ‬CuFeS2 ‫ޓ‬PbS ‫ޓ‬FeS‫ޓ‬FeS2.
ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɧɟɫɬɪɨɝɢɦ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ
(ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɢ ɞɪ.). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ.
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɭ-ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɸ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ, ɬɚɤ
ɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ-ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
Ɍɚɤ, ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɚɬɨɦɧɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ 'f G0 [12].
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
( ' f G 0 ), ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɤȾɠ/(ɦɨɥɶ-ɚɬɨɦ), ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɭɸ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ: ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɯ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ) ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ, ɩɨ
ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ (W, Ʉ) ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ [12, 15].
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢɯ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ( 'f G0 ) ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ
ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ [12].
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ Cɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɞɢ ' I * 0 ɢ ɭɞɟɥɶ-
ɧɵɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ (ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ 150+200 ɦɟɲ, ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ 6, Į = 6, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 25 ±0,2ƕɋ, ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɵɬɚ 120-240 ɫ)
-'I
*0
Cɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ
ɤȾɠ
ɦɨɥɶ*ɚɬɨɦ
Cu2S
Cu5FeS4
Cu3FeS3
CuS
CuFeS2
26,4
32,2
37,7
38,6
44,7
Ɉɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɢ
HCl+O2
NH4OH+ O2
FeCl3
NaNO2
Ca (OCl)2
W
ɦɨɥɶ·/ɦ2·ɫ
ͲϭϮ
ϭ͘ϮΎϭϬ Ͳϭϰ
ϯ͘ϮΎϭϬ Ͳϭϰ
Ϯ͘ϲΎϭϬ Ͳϭϱ
Ϭ͘ϰΎϭϬ Ͳϭϲ
ϭ͘ϲΎϭϬ W
ɦɨɥɶ·/ɦ2·ɫ
ͲϭϮ
ϱ͘ϱΎϭϬ Ͳϭϯ
Ϯ͘ϴΎϭϬ Ͳϭϯ
Ϯ͘ϭΎϭϬ Ͳϭϱ
ϰ͘ϬΎϭϬ Ͳϭϱ
ϭ͘ϰΎϭϬ W
ɦɨɥɶ·/ɦ2·ɫ
8,5*10-10
5,4*10-11
5,0*10-11
4,7*10-12
3,3*10-13
W
ɦɨɥɶ·/ɦ2·ɫ
1,42*10-9
0,57*10-10
0,42*10-10
0,19*10-11
0,09*10-12
W
ɦɨɥɶ·/ɦ2·ɫ
25,3*10-4
15,2*10-4
13,5*10-4
10,1*10-4
7,90*10-4
,661.D]18%XOOHWLQ&KHPLFDOVHULHVʋ
Ɋɨɥɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ,
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɞɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɪɹɞɚ HCl + O2,
NH4OH + O2, FeCl3, NaNO2, Ca(OCl)2 ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ
(ɫɢɥɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ) ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɞɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ
ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɨɬ HCl + O2 ɤ ɝɢɩɨɯɥɨɪɢɬɭ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ.
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1), ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɦɟɞɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɚɯ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜ ɫɬɨ ɪɚɡ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɧɢɬɪɢɬɚ
ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɝɢɩɨɯɥɨɪɢɬɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ – ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ 10
000 ɪɚɡ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ. ɗɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɥɚɛɚ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ 493,7 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ.
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɥɶɤɨɡɢɧɚ, ɛɨɪɧɢɬɚ (I), ɛɨɪɧɢɬɚ (II),
ɤɨɜɟɥɥɢɧɚ,
ɯɚɥɶɤɨɩɢɪɢɬɚ,
ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɯɨɞɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɞɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶ Ca(ɈCl)2 > NaNO2 > FeCl3 > HCl +
O2 > NH4OH+ O2, – ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞ ɦɟɞɢ – ɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɹɞɭ: Cu2S > Cu5FeS4 >
Cu3FeS3 > CuS > CuFeS2.Ɍɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɨ.
ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ,
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɟ ɬɟɥɨ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ.
ɂɡ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ
ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɚɬɨɦɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɬɭ ɠɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɢɧɚɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ' I *
0
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨ-
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ɍɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟ-
ɧɢɹ ln
a( ' I * 2 ' I *1 ) ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡ0
0
ɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ
ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ' I * [12]U
0
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɞɢ, ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ (ɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɜ ɪɭɞɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɚɤ KCN, ɗȾɌȺ (NH4OH ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɢɡ-ɡɚ
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɢɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɥɶɤɨɡɢɧɚ, ɛɨɪɧɢɬɚ,
ɚɪɝɟɧɬɢɬɚ, ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ, ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɢɬɚ,
ɯɪɢɡɨɤɨɥɥɵ, ɤɭɩɪɢɬɚ ɢ ɞɪ.
ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɫɟɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (ɬɢɨɥɨɜ). ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɢɨɥɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɨɥɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɚɦɢ-ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ.
Ɍɚɤ, ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɬɢɨɥɨɜ – ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ, ɧɚɦɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɵɯ, ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ (0,05
Ɇ) ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ.
ɍɧɢɬɢɨɥ (2,3-ɞɢɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬ
ɧɚɬɪɢɹ) CH2 (SH) – CH (SH) CH2SO3Na, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ȿ.Ɇ. ɉɟɬɪɭɧɶɤɢɧɵɦ [16],
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɫ ɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ,
ɪɟɞɤɢɯ, ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ. ɉɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɦɟɞɢ, ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ ɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɨɞɧɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢ, ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɦɢ, ɪɚɜɧɚ ɜ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ 1,4·1020
, ɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ ɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (II) – 3,5·10-8. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ
ɦɟɞɢ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɞɚɬɶ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ,
ɱɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ.
ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɞɶ- ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ, ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɚɡɇɍɋɟɪɢɹɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹʋ
ɏɄɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ
ɢ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɢɬɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ ɛɟɡ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɦɟɞɶ ɢɡ ɦɚɥɚɯɢɬɚ, ɚɬɚɤɚɦɢɬɚ, ɩɚɪɚɬɚɤɚɦɢɬɚ,
ɷɥɢɬɚ, ɤɭɩɪɢɬɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɚɥɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ, ɤɚɤ ɯɚɥɶɤɨɡɢɧ, ɛɨɪɧɢɬ, ɤɨɜɟɥɥɢɧ, ɧɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ
ɭɠɟ ɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚɯ, ɤɚɤ ɯɚɥɶɤɨɩɢɪɢɬ, ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞ ɪɟɧɢɹ,
ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɢɬ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɚɦɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɦɟɞɶ, ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ, ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ,
ɦɟɞɶ ɢɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ
ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ:
CH2 – SH
CH2 – S – S – CH2
ʜ
ʜ
ʜ
2CH – SH + O2 ĺ CH – S – S – CH + 2H2O
ʜ
ʜ
ʜ
CH2SO3Na
CH2SO-3
CH2SO-3
Ɍɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɡɚɬɨɪɦɚɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɟ ɫ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɠɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ, ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ
ɬɢɨɦɨɱɟɜɢɧɚ. ɗɬɢ ɞɜɚ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ
ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɞɢ, ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ, ɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɪɭɞɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ
ɞɥɹ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɡ, ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɬɢɨɥɨɜ
(ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ ɢ ɬɢɨɦɨɱɟɜɢɧɵ) – ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚ, ɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ), ɢ ɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɯ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɞɫɬɜɚ [15], ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɝɨ
ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɵ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ
ɞɪɭɝɚ ɩɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨ-
(1.33)
ɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɣ: ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬ ɢ
ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɬɨɝɞɚ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɵ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɩɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɯɚɥɶɤɨɡɢɧ, ɛɨɪɧɢɬ,
ɤɨɜɟɥɥɢɧ, ɫɚɦɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɦɟɞɶ, ɬɟɧɨɪɢɬ, ɤɭɩɪɢɬ ɢ
ɞɪ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɇ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ, ɧɟ
ɦɟɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ – ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢ-ɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ
ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ.
Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯ
ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɨɞɱɚɫ
ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ.
ɂɡ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚɯ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɭɱɟɬɚ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ; ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ [12, 15].
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
,661.D]18%XOOHWLQ&KHPLFDOVHULHVʋ
Ɋɨɥɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ, ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ, ɨɤɫɢɞɵ
ɧɢɡɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɚɦɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɵ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
ɋɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ – ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ
ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. ɋɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɟ ɪɭɞɵ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɰɜɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɢ,
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɱɟɪɧɵɯ, ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ, ɪɟɞɤɢɯ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ. ɋɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɥɸɦɢɧɨɮɨɪɨɜ, ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ, ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ, ɜ
ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ. ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ: ɬɟɪɦɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɟ, ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɵɟ, ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɪ. [1-11]. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚɯ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɜ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. ɗɬɨ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢɡ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ
ɚɜɬɨɤɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɜɵɳɟɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɟɞɢ, ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ.
ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ)
ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ, ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɢ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɡ.
ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɨɥɶ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ
ɢɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɥɚɯɢɬɚ ɢ ɚɡɭɪɢɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɺɧɧɵɯ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ. ɇɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɥɚɛɵɦ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ. Ɍɚɤ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ Ɉ – Ɉ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ
ɫɜɹɡɢ (D0) ɞɥɹ Ɉ Ɉ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 493,7 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ɉɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɩɚɪɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥ (ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞ) ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɬɨɞɚ, ɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ – ɚɧɨɞɚ. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɩɢɪɢɬ – ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɦɟɞɢ ɜɨ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ, ɩɢɪɢɬ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚɦ ɦɟɞɢ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ, ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɚɧɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɩɢɪɢɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɟɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɯɟɦɨɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ [12, 15].
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɡ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ,
ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɦɚɥɚɯɢɬ ɢ ɚɡɭɪɢɬ, ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ
ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ (ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ) ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ (10-4 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ), ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɯɨɬɹ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ, ɧɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ [12, 15].
ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɠɟ ɮɥɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɪɭɞ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɥɨɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ, ɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɟɟ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
[3].
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ «ɩɨɥɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ-ɩɨɥɢɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ» ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ.
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɚɡɇɍɋɟɪɢɹɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹʋ
ɏɄɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ
ɂ.ɉ. ɉɥɚɤɫɢɧ [3] ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɮɥɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɟ ɬɟɥɨ – ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ. ɉɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ.
ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ
ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɢ) ɧɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɚ. ɋɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜ
ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɭɸ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɭ.
ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ. ɗɬɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. ȼɫɥɟɞ ɡɚ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɟɣ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ (ɯɟɦɨɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ),
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɣ ɩɥɟɧɤɢ. ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɤ
ɱɢɫɥɭ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɫɟɪɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɵ (ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ S/M) ɢ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨ-
ɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ. ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɵɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɧɟɷɤɜɢɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ
[12].
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [3] ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɵ, ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɚ ɧɟ ɫ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ. ɗɬɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ:
MeS + 2H2O ĺ Me (OH)2 + H2SĹ.
ɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ, ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɞɨ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɪɹɞɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɞɟɥɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɫ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɢɥɢ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ
[4-8].
Ɋɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɛɟɡ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ [5]:
MeS + 2H+ ĺ Me2+ + H2SĹ
(1.1)
ɉɪɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɟɞɤɢɯ ɳɟɥɨɱɟɣ:
MeS + 2OH- ĺ HMeO-2 + HSɄɨɧɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ. Ɉɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɡ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɢɨɧɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɬɶɫɹ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ.
ɋɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ-
(1.2)
ɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ -2 ɞɨ +6, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɨɪɮɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɩɨɥɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɟɪɚ, ɬɢɨɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ,
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɨɧɚɬɵ, ɫɭɥɶɮɢɬ- ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ-ɢɨɧɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.,
ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɪɵ.
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɞɨ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ, ɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɂɟɥɢɤɦɚɧɚ [9].
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɵ ɜ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ:
S2- ĺ S2O22- ĺ S2O2-3 ĺ S2O2-4 ĺ S2O2-5 ĺ S2O2-6 ĺ S2O2-7 ĺ SO2-4 .
,661.D]18%XOOHWLQ&KHPLFDOVHULHVʋ
(1.3)
Ɋɨɥɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ,
ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ
ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. ɉɨ
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɂ.ȿ. Ⱥɧɞɟɪɫɟɧɚ, ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ [5]:
ȼ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ S2- ɢɞɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɞɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɵ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢ pH ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
1. Ⱥɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɢ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ:
PbS + 1/2 O2 ĺ
O
/ \
Pb – S
(1.4)
Ƚɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ, ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ:
Ɉ
/ \
Pb – S + H2O ĺ Pb – S
ʜ ʜ
OH OH
2. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ:
OH OH
ʜ
ʜ
Pb – S + 3OH- + 0,5O2 ĺ HPbO2 + SO2-4 +4H+
Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ-
_________K1,4e-__________________
ʜ
K2, 2eK3, 2eĻ
O2
K4
H2O2
2H2O
Ĺ______________Ĺ
ɜɤɢɫɥɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ
(1.5)
(1.6)
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨ ɤɚɬɨɞɧɨɦ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ:
________K1, 4e-_________
ʜ K2, 2eĻ
O2
HO-2 + OH- - 4OHĹ
-----------ĺ 3OH- K3, 2eɜɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ
ɢ ɚɧɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ:
Me ĺ 2e- ĺ Me2+ + S0.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪ: ɱɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ, ɬɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɨ-
ɛɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ
(ɞɵɪɨɱɧɨɣ) ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ
ɂɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫ-
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɚɡɇɍɋɟɪɢɹɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹʋ
ɏɄɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ
ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ; ɦɧɨɝɢɟ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɟɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ.
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɟ ɨ ɪɨɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɇ.ɇ. ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɵɦ, [10] ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɫɚɦɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ, ɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɰɟɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɚɬɨɦɚ Ɉ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ R – O – O -.
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɮɥɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɨɬɨɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɤɫɚɧɬɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɧɟ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɦɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ.
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɤɫɚɧɬɨɝɟɧɚɬɚ
ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɯɟɦɨɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɚɬɨɦɵ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ (ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ, ɞɵɪɨɱɧɚɹ)
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ. [3]
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ [12, 15].
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ
ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ, ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ
ɷɬɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ
ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɝɟɩɬɚɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ) ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤ-
ɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ
ɫ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶɫɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. Ʌɟɝɤɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɨɬ ɢɯ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɨɬ
ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤɢɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ
ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɵɦ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ
ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɦ
ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ. ɉɪɹɦɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɨ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ Ɉ2 (D0=493,7
ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ) ɢ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. Ʉɚɠɭɳɚɹɫɹ ɥɟɝɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚɦɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɨɣ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ, ɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ
ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ. Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ
ɩɚɪɚɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚ. ɉɚɪɚɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɡɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɧɟɫɩɚɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɤ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɦɭ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɭ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɚɧɢɨɧɨɜ Ɉ-2, Ɉ2-2, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɚɞɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ Ɉ- ɢ Ɉ ɢɥɢ Ɉ ɢ Ɉ2-.
Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ. Ⱥ. Ȼɟɪɤɚ, ə. Ɂɵɤɚ [3] ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɢɨɧɚ:
2Ɉɇ- - 2Ɲ ĺ Ɉɚɞɫ + ɇ2Ɉ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɦɢ ɂ.ɇ. ɉɥɚɤɫɢɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ
I
(1.7)
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ [3]:
Ɇɟn+ + O2 ĺ Ɇɟn+ (O2) ĺ Men+2 (O2-2)
ɇɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ I ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ, ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ II – ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɟ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɨɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɮɚɡ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞ – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. ɉɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ,
(1.8)
ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɞɨ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɫ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [12] Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɪɨɱɤɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɋ.ɂ. Ɇɢɬɪɨɮɚɧɨɜɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ
(lgKɤɚɬ – DH2) ɨɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ «ɦɟɬɚɥɥ – ɫɟɪɚ» (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1).
,661.D]18%XOOHWLQ&KHPLFDOVHULHVʋ
Ɋɨɥɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ (lgKɤɚɬ)
ɨɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ «ɦɟɬɚɥɥ – ɫɟɪɚ» (DH2)
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɢɬɚ ɢ ɩɢɪɢɬɚ (ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ȿɤɚɬ = 83,7 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ; ȿɤɚɬ = 67,0
ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ). Ȼɥɢɡɨɫɬɶ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɢɬɚ ɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚɹ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ,
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɠɟ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ
ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɞɨ
ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ
ɧɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ:
Re2S7 + O2 ĺ Re2S7 (O2)ɚɞɫ
(1.9)
Re2S7 (O2)ɚɞɫ + O2 ĺ Re2S7 (2O2)ɚɞɫ
(1.10)
..............................................................
Re2S7 (13O2) + O2 ĺ (Re2S7…4O2)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ
(1.11)
(Re2S7…14O2)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ĺ (Re2S7…28O)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ
(1.12)
(Re2S7…28O)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ĺ 16Ɉɇ- ĺ 2ReO-4 + 7SO2-4 + 8H2O
Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɝɟɩɬɚɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɢɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ) ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɪɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ, ɚ ɪɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ Re (VII), ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ
ɢɡ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɚɧɢɨɧɧɭɸ – ɩɟɪɪɟɧɚɬ
(1.13)
ReO-4. ȼ ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɟ ɪɟɧɢɹ (ReS2) ɢ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɢɬɟ (MoS2) ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɪɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ Re ɢ Mo,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɞɨ ɩɟɪɪɟɧɚɬɚ ɢ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɚɬɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ
ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:
ReS2 + O2 ĺ ReS2 (O2)ɚɞɫ
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɚɡɇɍɋɟɪɢɹɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹʋ
(1.14)
ɏɄɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ
Ʉ1
ReS2 (O2)ɚɞɫ + Ɉ2
Ʉ2
Ʉ2
Re (2O2)ɚɞɫ
RH(2O2)ɚɞɫ ĺ (ReS2…O2)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ.
(ReS2…2O2)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ. ĺ (ReS2…4O)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ.
(ReS2…4O)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ. + 4Ɉɇ- ĺ ReO-4 + S2O2-2 + 2H2O
(1.15)
(1.16)
(1.17)
(1.18)
S2O2-2 + 1/2 O2 ĺ S2O2-3
(1.19)
S2O2-3 + 1/2 O2 ĺ 2SO2-3
(1.20)
2SO2-3 + 2Ɉɇ- + 1/2 Ɉ2 ĺ 2SO2-4 + 2H2O
(1.21)
ɗɬɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ,
ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ, ɜɫɬɭɩɚɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɫ Ɉɇ-,
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ.
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɨɤɫɢɞ ɪɟɧɢɹ – ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ ɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ-ɢɨɧɚɦɢ.
Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚɦɢ, ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɟɣ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ-ɢɨɧɚɦɢ.
Ɉɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɬɶ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ-ɢɨɧɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ. ɗɬɨ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ 1·10-5 - 1·10-4 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ ɦɚɥɚ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ. ȼ
ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ Ɉɇ- ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ Ɉɇɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ.
Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ-ɢɨɧɵ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɬɨɪɚ, ɚ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ, ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɪɟɧɚɬ.
ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ-ɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:
Re2S7 + O ĺ Re2S7 (O) ɚɞɫ
(1.22)
Re2S7 (O) ɚɞɫ + O ĺ Re2S7 (2O) ɚɞɫ
.........................................................
(1.23)
Re2S7 (55O) ɚɞɫ + O ĺ (Re2S7 · 56O) ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ.
(1.24)
(Re2S7 …56O) ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ. + 16Ɉɇ- ĺ 2ReO-4 + 36ɇ2Ɉ
(1.25)
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɬɶ ɟɳɟ
ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ: ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ S2O2-2, S2O2-3, S2O2-4, S2O2-5, S2O2-6, S2O2-7,
ɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ, ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɫ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɇɈ-2,
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɇɈ- ɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɇɈ-2ɢɨɧɨɜ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɤɢ 18Ɉ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɨɦ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɣ
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ Ɉ2 [12].
,661.D]18%XOOHWLQ&KHPLFDOVHULHVʋ
Ɋɨɥɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɟɧ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ. ȼɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɯɢɦɢɡɦɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ) ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɵ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ,
ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɯɨɞ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɤɪɢɜɵɯ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2) ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ
ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ, ɬɨ ɧɚ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ; ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɟɳɟ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɬ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɟɣ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ.
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ (ɜ ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ):
1-0,0016; 2-0,032; 3-0,08; 4-0,16
ɊɢɫɭɧɨɤɄɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɝɟɩɬɚɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ
ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ 0,1 Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ
ɉɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ
ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ:
ReS2 + O ĺ ReS2 (O)ɚɞɫ
ReS2 (O)ɚɞɫ + Ɉ ĺ ReS2 (2O)ɚɞɫ
Ʉ1
ReS2 (2O)ɚɞɫ + Ɉ ReS2 (3O)ɚɞɫ
Ʉ2
ReS2 (3O)ɚɞɫ + Ɉ
(ReS2…4O)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ.
(ReS2…4O)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ. + 4Ɉɇ- ĺ ReO-4 + S2O2-2 +2H2O
S2O2-2 + 1/2 Ɉ2 ĺ S2O2-3
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɚɡɇɍɋɟɪɢɹɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹʋ
(1.26)
(1.27)
(1.28)
(1.29)
(1.30)
(1.31)
ɏɄɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ
S2O2-3 + 2O2 + 2Ɉɇ- ĺ 2SO2-4 + H2O
ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɩɬɚɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. ɗɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ «ɬɜɟɪɞɨɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɟ», ɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ.
ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ,
ɱɬɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɟɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ
ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ.
Ɉɛɨɛɳɚɹ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ
ɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ
ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɫɯɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɍɎ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ
ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ
(1.32)
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3).
ɂɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɩɪɢ Ȝ=206 ɧɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ – ɩɟɪɪɟɧɚɬ-ɢɨɧɨɜ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɬɪɟɯ ɮɚɡ – ɝɚɡ,
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɜ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɟɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ
ɫɥɨɟ ɝɚɡ – ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ – ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɫ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ.
1–ReS2–NaOH + H2O2;
2– Re2S7–NaOH + O2;
3 – ReS2–KClO3 + HCl–ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ;
4, 5 – ReS2+KClO3 + HCl;
6– Re2S7 ·KClO3 + HCl–ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ;
7, 8 – Re2S7–KClO3 + HCl–ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹ;
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ± ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ
ȼɫɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ.
Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚɦɢ
ɦɟɞɢ, ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, ɜɢɫɦɭɬɚ, ɫɭɪɶɦɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɡɨɥɨɬɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɢ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ
ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ. ɇɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɢɫɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ
ɩɭɬɟɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ (ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ – ɪɇ
ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ
,661.D]18%XOOHWLQ&KHPLFDOVHULHVʋ
Ɋɨɥɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ) ɩɨ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɭ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɷɤɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɪɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ ɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɭ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1).
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɫɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ (ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ).
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1 ȼɨɝɚɧ Ⱦ., Ʉɪɟɣɝ Ⱦɠ. ɏɢɦɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ: ɩɟɪ. ɫ ɚɧɝɥ. / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɂ.ə. ɇɟɤɪɚɫɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ, 1984. – 573 ɫ.
2 Ɉɝɨɪɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɘ.ɂ., ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜɚ ȿ.ɂ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɜɵɳɟɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɚɥɶɤɨɝɟɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. – Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɚ: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1983.
– 176 ɫ.
3 ɉɥɚɤɫɢɧ ɂ.ɉ., Ⱥɧɮɢɦɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɫɚɧɬɨɝɟɧɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ //
Ɍɪɭɞɵ ɂȽȾ Ⱥɇ ɋɋɋɊ. – 1954. – ʋ1. – ɋ. 225.
4 ɉɨɥɚɤ Ʌ.ɋ., Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜ Ⱥ.ɋ. ɋɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1983. –
283 ɫ.
5 Anderson I.E., Halpern I., Samis C.S Kinetics of oxidation of Galena in Sodium Hydroxide solutions under Oxygen Pressure // AIME Transactions. – 1953. – Vol. 197. – P. 554.
6 Nishihara G.S. The rate of reduction of acidity of descending waters by certain ore and gangue minerals and its bearing
upon secondary sulphide enrichment // Economic Geology. – 1914. – Vol. 9. – P. 643-757.
7 Noddak W., Wrabet K., Herbst W.// Electrochemie. – 1955. – Vol. 59. – Is. 7-8. – Ɋ. 752-755.
8 Sato M. Oxidation of sulfide ore bodies; II, Oxidation mechanisms of sulfide minerals at 25 degrees C // Economic Geology. – 1960. – Vol. 55. – P. 1202-1231.
9 Ɂɟɥɢɤɦɚɧ Ⱥ.ɇ., ȼɨɥɶɞɦɚɧ Ƚ.Ɇ., Ȼɟɥɹɜɫɤɚɹ Ɇ.ȼ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. – Ɇ.: Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɹ,
1975.
10 ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜ ɇ.ɇ. Ɉ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ⱥɇ ɋɋɋɊ,
1958. – 686 ɫ.
11 Majima H., Peters E. AIME Transactions. – 1966. – Vol.3236, Is.10. – Ɋ.1403-1413.
12 Ɉɫɩɚɧɨɜ ɏ.Ʉ. Ɏɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ. Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1993. – 175 ɫ.
13 Ospanov Kh.K. Physical and Chemical foundations for selective dissolution of minerals. London: Flint River, 2004. –
175 p.
14 Ospanov Kh.K. Theory of controlling. A physico-chemical process taking place at the interface solid-liquid. London: Flint
River, 2004. – 130 ɪ.
15 Ɉɫɩɚɧɨɜ ɏ.Ʉ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɢ «ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ» ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɬɪɟɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɣ): ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. – Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, 2012. 367 ɫ.
16 ɉɟɬɪɭɧɶɤɢɧ ȿ.Ɇ. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɢɬɢɨɥɨɜ // Ɍɪɭɞɵ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɧɚɦ. –
ɋɜɟɪɞɥɨɜɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, 1958. – ɋ.20-24.
17 Ɉɫɩɚɧɨɜ ɏ.Ʉ., Ɉɫɩɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ʉ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ ɢ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ. – Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ: Ԕɚɡɚԕ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɿ, 2002. – ɋ. 326.
18 Ʉɪɟɦɟɪ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɮɥɨɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1981. – ɋ. 91.
5HIHUHQFHV
1 Vaughan DJ, Craig JR (1978) Mineral chemistry of metal sulfides. – Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 0521214890
2 Ogorodnikov YuI, Ponomareva EI (1983) Electro digestion of chalcogenide materials [Elektrovyischelachivanie halkogenitnyih materialov]. Nauka, Alma–Ata, Kazakhstan. (In Russian)
3 Plaksin IP, Anfimova EA (1954) Transactions of the Institute of Mining of the Academy of Sciences of USSR [Trudy IGD
AN SSSR] 1:225. (In Russian)
4 Polak LS, Mihailov AS (1983) Self-organization of non-equilibrium physical chemical systems [Samoorganizatsiya v neravnovesnyih fiziko-himicheskih sistemah]. Nauka, Moscow, Russia. (In Russian)
5 Anderson IE, Halpern I, Samis CS (1953) AIME Transactions 197:554.
6 Nishihara GS (1914) Economic Geology 9:743-757.
7 Noddak W, Wrabet K, Herbst W (1955) Electrochemie 59:752-755
8 Sato M (1960) Economic Geology 55:1202-1231.
9 Zelikman AN, Vol'dman GM, Belyavskaya MV (1975) Theory of hydrometallurgic processes [Teoriya gidrometallurgicheskih protsessov]. Metallurgiya, Moscow, Russia. (In Russian)
10 Semenov NN (1958) About some problems of chemical physics and reactivity [O nekotoryih problemah himicheskoy kinetiki i reaktsionnoy sposobnosti]. Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of USSR, Moscow, Russia. (In Russian)
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɚɡɇɍɋɟɪɢɹɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹʋ
ɏɄɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ
11 Majima H, Peters E (1966) AIME Transactions 3236:1403-1413.
12 Ospanov KhK (1993) Physical chemical foundations of selective dissolution of minerals [Fiziko-himicheskie osnovyi izbiratelnogo rastvoreniya mineralov]. Nedra, Moscow, Russia. (In Russian)
13 Ospanov KhK (2004) Physical and chemical foundations for selective dissolution of minerals. Flint River, London, UK.
14 Ospanov KhK (2004) Theory of controlling. A physico-chemical process taking place at the interface solid-liquid. Flint
River, London, UK.
15 Ospanov KhK (2012) General principles of prediction of differences of minerals and “solvents” reactivity in the processes
of mineral raw materials processing (On materials of 3 international scientific discoveries), Student’s book [Obschie printsipyi prognozirovaniya razlichiya reaktsionnoy sposobnosti mineralov i «rastvoriteley» v usloviyah pererabotki mineralnogo syirya. (Po materialam treh mezhdunarodnyih nauchnyih otkryitiy), Uchebnoe posobie]. Almaty, Kazakhstan. (In Russian)
16 Petrun'kin EM (1958) Proceedings of meetings on complex compounds [Trudyi soveschaniy po kompleksonam]. Sverdlovsk, Russia. P.20-24. (In Russian)
17 Ospanov KhK, Ospanova AK (2002) Electrochemical and thermodynamic properties of unitiol and its complex compounds
[Elektrohimicheskie i termodinamicheskie svoystva unitiola i unitiolatnyih kompleksov]. - Kazakh University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
P.326. (In Russian)
18 Kremer VA (1981) Physical chemistry of solutions of flotation reagents [Fizicheskaya himiya rastvorov flotatsionnyih reagentov]. Nedra, Moscow. P.91. (In Russian)
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