http://sntbul.bmstu.ru/doc/544434.html УДК 62

!"# 62-176.2
!$%&%'()%*+$,-&.$/+01.2*3%1+4('.5
"6 "6 708(9.5
!"#$%&"'()*+%$,*(-.*/0"#,12&&3% 2 &%",*$2420&&3% 5&%,60#7"*&08)29(
:.;<(2=> ?>@> A*#=*&*'(6>(:07)8*'(B0772C
?*#D&3E ,#)080$2"%FGH I> .> !#,084%8' ). "> &>'
$04%&" )*+%$,3 -.*/0"#,12&&3% 2 &%",*$2420&&3% 5&%,60#7"*&08)29
:.;<(2=>(?>@>(A*#=*&*'(6>:07)8*'(B0772C
!"#$%&'(%)(*(%+,-',.,
SATURNrussia@rambler.ru
::;";<=;
#/0123,% -42567&4 859'2:94;% <,=2:% :% 0>2'9?1/..2@3&% 6:16/3@6% 023/.A&,1B.9'%
C./><2>/@->@2'D% E232>9F% :% .,@3267//% :>/'6% 0>,E3&G/@E&% ./% &@021B=-/3@6(% *./></3&E,%
6:16/3@6%25.&'%&=%2@.2:.94%H,E32>2:%:%@/<25.6?./F%<12I,1B.2F%CE2.2'&E/(%J21-G/.&/%
52021.&3/1B.2F%0>&I91&%=,%@G/3%-3&1&=,A&&%-42567/<2%3/01, 80>25,K,%C1/E3>2C./><&&;D%
@.&K/.&/%:>/5.2<2%:2=5/F@3:&6%.,%2E>-K,L7-L% @>/5-%6:16L3@6%E1LG/:9'&%:20>2@,'&D%
E232>9/%&.3/>/@-L3%@2:>/'/..9/%0>2'9?1/..9/%E2'0,.&&(%
M@3B% 3/4.212<&&D% 02=:216L7&/% &@021B=2:,3B% C3-% 3/0123-% 516% :9>,I23E&%
C1/E3>2C./><&&(% #,E&/% 3/4.212<&&% 3/4.&G/@E&% 2@-7/@3:&'9% &% CE2.2'&G/@E&%
A/1/@22I>,=.9D% &@021B=2:,.&/% C3&4% 3/4.212<&F% ./% 3>/I-/3% &='/./.&6% 3/4.212<&G/@E&4%
0>2A/@@2:% 0>2&=:25@3:,(% $3&1&=,A&6% -42567/F% 3/01239% :2='2K.,% .,% % % C./></3&G/@E&4%
@3,.A&64D '/3,11-><&G/@E&/% &% 4&'&G/@E&4% =,:25,4D% ./H3/52I9:,L7&4% @E:,K&.,4D%
<,=20/>/E,G&:,L7&4%
E2'0>/@@2>.94%
@3,.A&64D%
.,%
@-5,4 8E2>,I164;%
&%
01,3H2>',4 8>9I212:/AE&4D%./H3/<,=252I9:,L7&4;(%%%
N% 5,..2F% >,I23/% >,@@',3>&:,L3@6% 5:/% 3/4.212<&&% -3&1&=,A&&% 3/01239%
-42567&4 859'2:94;% <,=2:O% 2><,.&G/@E&F% A&E1% P/.E&., 8QRP;% &% @:/>4E>&3&G/@E&F%
http://sntbul.bmstu.ru/doc/544434.html
-<1/E&@123.9F%A&E1%+>,F32.,(%!.2<&/%@2:>/'/..9/%E2'0,.&&%=,.&',L3@6%>,=>,I23E2F%&%
>/,1&=,A&/F%
3,E&4%
-@3,.2:2ED%
.,0>&'/>D%
E2'0,.&&% % ORMAT (TVW- X=>,&1B), GeneralElectric(TVW), Pratt & Whitney 8TVW;% &%
3(5(N% E,G/@3:/% &@32G.&E,% 3/01239% -42567&4% <,=2:% I-5/'% >,@@',3>&:,3B% <,=23->I&..-L%
-@3,.2:E- 8"#$;(
>7?@<=A;B#=C+D=#E+7;<#=<@
T4/',%-@3,.2:E&D%>/,1&=-L7/F%QRPD%&=2I>,K/.,%.,%>&@( Y(%Z16%0/>/5,G&%3/01239%
-42567&4% <,=2:% "#$% &@021B=-/3@6% 0>2'/K-32G.9F% E2.3->D% 3/012.2@&3/1/'% :% E232>2'%
@1-K&3%5&,3/>'&G/@E2/%',@12(%),<>/32/%',@12%.,<>/:,/3%&%&@0,>6/3%2><,.&G/@E2/%>,I2G//%
3/12D% 2I9G.2% @2/5&./.&6% -<1/:252>252:D% .,0>&'/>D% 0/.3,.D% E232>2/% @2:/>?,/3% >,I23-% :%
3->I&./(%
#->I&.,%
0>&:25&3%
:%
5:&K/.&/%
C1/E3>2</./>,32>D%
:9>,I,39:,L7&F%
C1/E3>&G/@E-L%C./><&L(
P&@(%Y( J>&'/>%-@3,.2:E&D%>/,1&=-L7/F%QRP%[1]:
1– .,<>/:,3/1B%516%5&,3/>'&G/@E2<2%',@1,%-42567&'&%<,=,'&%"#$[
2– &@0,>&3/1B[%\– 3->I&.,%@%C1/E3>2</./>,32>2'[%]– E2.5/.@,32>[%
5– E2.3->%5&,3/>'&G/@E2<2%',@1,[%^– E2.3->%>,I2G/<2%3/1,
#/>'25&.,'&G/@E&F% A&E1% &% 2@.2:.9/% -=19% % -@3,.2:E&D% >/,1&=-L7/F% QRP%
0>/5@3,:1/.9%.,%>&@( 2.
!2125/K.9F%.,-G.2-3/4.&G/@E&F%:/@3.&E%STUU-51038
P&@(%2. R&E1%&%@4/',%-@3,.2:E&D%>,I23,L7/F%
02%A&E1-%P/.E&., [2]D82I2=.,G/.&6%@'(%:%3/E@3/;(
$@3,.2:E,% >,I23,/3% @1/5-L7&'% 2I>,=2'(% ),<>/32/% 5&,3/>'&G/@E2/% ',@12%
&@021B=-/3@6% 516% 0>/5:,>&3/1B.2<2% .,<>/:,% &% &@0,>/.&6% 2><,.&G/@E2<2% >,I2G/<2% 3/1,%
80>2A/@@% _-3-];(% P,I2G//% 3/12% :% 0,>22I>,=.2'% @2@326.&&% 02@3-0,/3% :% 3->I&.-D% E232>,6%
0>&:25&3%:%5:&K/.&/%C1/E3>2</./>,32>%80>2A/@@%]-5). `,3/'%0,>9%>,I2G/<2%3/1,%0>2425&3%
G/>/=% >/</./>,32>% 80>2A/@@% a-b;D% <5/% 235,L3% 3/012% K&5E2@3&% 0/>/5% //% 02@3-01/.&/'% :%
.,<>/:,3/1B%8&@0,>&3/1B;%\D%80>2A/@@%c-_;(%),E2./AD%0,>9%>,I2G/<2%3/1,%E2.5/.@&>-L3@6%:%
:256.2' 8&1&%:2=5-?.2';%E2.5/.@,32>/ 80>2A/@@%b-6-Y;(%P,I2G//%3/12%:%K&5E2'%@2@326.&&%
@K&',/3@6 .,@2@2' 52 ./2I425&'2<2 5,:1/.&6 80>2A/@@% Y-c;% &% 02@3-0,/3% :% >/</./>,32>D% ,%
=,3/'%:%&@0,>&3/1B(%#/>'25&.,'&G/@E&F%A&E1%=,'9E,/3@6(
P,@@'23>&'% A&E1% -@3,.2:E&D% >/,1&=-L7/F% QRPD% @% 0,>,'/3>,'&% 0>&:/5/..9'&% :%
3,I1&A/ 1.
;*1F24*(J
X@425.9/%5,..9/%516%-@3,.2:E&D%>/,1&=-L7/F%QRP
F(G(H,$G
P,@425%-42567&4%<,=2:%&=%"#$D E<d@
IJ(K,J%,
5...100
#/'0/>,3->,% -42567&4% <,=2:% 0>&% :425/% :% 3/0122I'/..9F% ,00,>,3% 773, 793, 843
e-42567&/%<,=9– 5&,3/>'&G/@E2/%',@12eD f
#/'0/>,3->,% -42567&4% <,=2:% 0>&% :9425/% &=% 3/0122I'/..2<2%
380
,00,>,3,%e-42567&/%<,=9– 5&,3/>'&G/@E2/%',@12eD f
#/'0/>,3->,%5&,3/>'&G/@E2<2%',@1,%0>&%:425/%:%&@0,>&3/1BD f
http://sntbul.bmstu.ru/doc/544434.html
573, 588, 623
#/'0/>,3->,%5&,3/>'&G/@E2<2%',@1,%0>&%:9425/%&=%&@0,>&3/16D%f
354
Z,:1/.&/%2><,.&G/@E2<2%>,I2G/<2%3/1,%0>&%:425/%:%3->I&.-D !J,
3,0
#/'0/>,3->,%2><,.&G/@E2<2%>,I2G/<2%3/1,%0>&%:425/%:%3->I&.-D%f
462
N% >/=-1B3,3/% >,@G/3,02% '/325&E/ [4]
I91,% 021-G/.,% =,:&@&'2@3B% '/K5-%
:9>,I,39:,/'2F% C1/E3>&G/@E2F% '27.2@3BL% -@3,.2:E&D% >/,1&=-L7/F% QRPD% &% >,@4252'%
-42567&4%<,=2:%&=%"#$D 0>&:/5/..,6%.,%>&@-.E/ 3.
P&@(\(%`,:&@&'2@3B%:9>,I,39:,/'2F%C1/E3>&G/@E2F%'27.2@3&%QRP%-@3,.2:E&%23%
>,@425,%-42567&4%<,=2:%&=%"#$%516%>,=.94%3/'0/>,3->%:425,%-42567&4%<,=2:%:%
3/0122I'/..9F%,00,>,3%e5&,3/>'&G/@E2/%',@12– -42567&/%<,=9eO
1– 773 f[ 2– 793 f[ 3– 843 f
X=% <>,H&E,% 8>&@(% \;% @1/5-/3D% G32% @% -:/1&G/.&/'% 3/'0/>,3->9% -42567&4% <,=2:%
-:/1&G&:,/3@6%E21&G/@3:2%3/01239D%23I&>,/'2/%-%-42567&4%<,=2:D%G32%:/5/3%E%-:/1&G/.&L%
:9>,I23E&%C1/E3>&G/@E2F%'27.2@3&%-@3,.2:E2F(%*1/E3>&G/@E,6%'27.2@3B%>,@3/3%3,EK/%@%
-:/1&G/.&/'%>,@425,%-42567&4%<,=2:%&=%"#$D%32%/@3B%@%-:/1&G/.&/'%025:/5/..2F%3/01239%
:%A&E1/(%Q5.,E2D%-:/1&G/.&/%>,@425,%-42567&4%<,=2:%&=%"#$%:/5/3%E%-:/1&G/.&L%>,@425,%
5&,3/>'&G/@E2<2% ',@1,D% >,@425,% 2><,.&G/@E2<2% >,I2G/<2% 3/1,D% @1/52:,3/1B.2D% &% E%
-:/1&G/.&L%<,I,>&32:%-=12:%-@3,.2:E&.
`.,G/.&/% C1/E3>&G/@E2F% C./><&&D% 235,:,/'2F% :023>/I&3/1LD% I-5/3% =.,G&3/1B.2%
'/.B?/% 8.,% ca-35 g;D% G/'% E21&G/@3:2% C./><&&D% :9>,I,39:,/'2F% </./>,32>2'(% P,=1&G&/%
!2125/K.9F%.,-G.2-3/4.&G/@E&F%:/@3.&E%STUU-51038
@:6=,.2% @% 23I2>2'% C1/E3>&G/@E2F% '27.2@3&% .,% @2I@3:/..9/% .-K59O% 516% >,I239%
A&>E-16A&2..2<2% ',@16.2<2% .,@2@,D% 516% >,I239% A&>E-16A&2..2<2% <1,:.2<2% .,@2@,% 8516%
2><,.&G/@E2<2%>,I2G/<2%3/1,;D%516%>,I239%.,@2@,%&1&%:/.3&1632>,%E2.5/.@,32>,(
*1/E3>&G/@E&F% fJZ% 823.2?/.&/% :9>,I,39:,/'2F% C1/E3>&G/@E2F% '27.2@3&% E%
3/0123/D%
@22I7/..2F%
-@3,.2:E/%
-42567&'&%
<,=,'&;%
-@3,.2:E&%
@2@3,:16/3%
2E212% c\ gD% ,% C1/E3>&G/@E&F% fJZ% @% -G/32'% @2I@3:/..9F% .-K5% 2E,=9:,/3@6
>,:.9'%Ya- 17 %.
B:;7L#7=M=A;B#=C+!?E;#=BE>M<NC+D=#E+O7@CM><@
Z16% -3&1&=,A&&% 3/01239% -42567&4% <,=2:% &=% "#$% &% :9>,I23E&% C1/E3>&G/@E2F%
C./><&&%3,EK/%'2K.2%&@021B=2:,3B%=,'E.-3-L%<,=23->I&..-L%-@3,.2:E-D%>,I23,L7-L%02%
@:/>4E>&3&G/@E2'-%-<1/E&@123.2'-%A&E1-%+>,F32.,(%
P,@@'23>&'%@4/'-%-@3,.2:E&D%0>&:/5/..-L%.,%>&@-.E/%] [3].
P&@(%](%`,'E.-3,6%-<1/E&@123.,6%<,=23->I&..,6%-@3,.2:E, [3]
P,I2G//% 3/12% 8-<1/E&@19F% <,=;% @K&',/3@6% E2'0>/@@2>2'% 80>2A/@@% Y-c;D% =,3/'%
02@3-0,/3% :% >/</./>,32>D% <5/% .,<>/:,/3@6% 80>2A/@@% c-\;% =,% @G/3% 3/01239% >,I2G/<2% 3/1,%
02@1/% 3->I&.9(% J2@1/% >/</./>,32>,% PYD% 0>2&@425&3% >,=5/1/.&/% >,I2G/<2% 3/1,% .,% 5:,%
0232E,(%J/>:9F%020,5,/3%:%>/</./>,32>%Pc%80>2A/@@%\-];D%<5/%0>2&@425&3%/<2%5,1B./F?&F%
.,<>/:% =,% @G/3% 3/01239% >,I2G/<2% 3/1,% 02@1/% 3->I&.9(% Z,1//% 0/>:9F% 0232E% 02@3-0,/3% :%
http://sntbul.bmstu.ru/doc/544434.html
.,<>/:,3/1B% )Y 80>2A/@@% ]-a;D% <5/% >,I2G//% 3/12% .,<>/:,/3@6% =,% @G/3% 3/01239% -42567&4%
<,=2:%&=%"#$(%N%3->I&./%#Y%-<1/E&@19F%<,=%@2:/>?,/3%>,I23- 80>2A/@@%a-^;(%`,3/'%>,I2G//%
3/12% 02@3-0,/3% :% >/</./>,32> Pc 80>2A/@@% ^-U;D% 02@1/% E232>2<2% 0232E&% >,I2G/<2% 3/1,%
@2/5&.6L3@6 832GE,% U;(% N32>2F% 0232E% >,I2G/<2% 3/1,% 02@1/% >/</./>,32>,% PY% 02@3-0,/3% :%
.,<>/:,3/1B% )c 80>2A/@@% \-b;D% =,3/'% :% 3->I&./% #c% @2:/>?,/3% >,I23- 80>2A/@@% b-U;(% J2@1/%
@2/5&./.&6% 0232E2:% :% 32GE/% UD% -<1/E&@19F% <,=% 02@3-0,/3% :% >/</./>,32>% PYD% ,% =,3/'% :%
42125&1B.&E 80>2A/@@% U-8-Y;D% <5/% 2.% 241,K5,/3@6% 52% ./2I425&'2F% 3/'0/>,3->9D% &%
02@3-0,/3%:%E2'0>/@@2>(%R&E1 =,'9E,/3@6(
P,@@'23>&'%A&E1%-@3,.2:E&D%&=2I>,K/..2F%.,%>&@( ]D%@%0,>,'/3>,'&%0>&:/5/..9'&%
:%3,I1&A/ 2.
;*1F24*(K
X@425.9/%5,..9/%516%-<1/E&@123.2F%-@3,.2:E&
F(G(H,$G
P,@425%-42567&4%<,=2:%&=%"#$D E<d@
IJ(K,J%,
5...100
#/'0/>,3->,%-42567&4%<,=2:%0>&%:425/%:%.,<>/:,3/1B%)YD%f
773, 793, 843
#/'0/>,3->,%-<1/E&@12<2%<,=,%0>&%:425/%:%3->I&.-%#YD%f
753, 773, 823
Z,:1/.&/%-<1/E&@12<2%<,=,%0>&%:9425/%&=%E2'0>/@@2>,D%!J,
20
#/'0/>,3->,%-<1/E&@12<2%<,=,%0>&%:425/%:%E2'0>/@@2>D%f
310
Z,:1/.&/%-<1/E&@12<2%<,=,%0>&%:425/%:%E2'0>/@@2>D%!J,
8,0
N% >/=-1B3,3/% >,@G/3, 02% '/325&E/ [5] I91&% 021-G/.9% =,:&@&'2@3&% '/K5-%
:9>,I,39:,/'2F% C1/E3>&G/@E2F% '27.2@3BL% &% >,@4252'% -42567&4% <,=2:% &=% "#$% 516%
>,=1&G.94%3/'0/>,3->%:425,%-42567&4%<,=2:%:%.,<>/:,3/1B%)YD%0>/5@3,:1/..,6%.,%>&@( 5.
!2125/K.9F%.,-G.2-3/4.&G/@E&F%:/@3.&E%STUU-51038
P&@(%a. `,:&@&'2@3B%C1/E3>&G/@E2F%'27.2@3&%23%>,@425,%516%>,=.94%3/'0/>,3->%
:425,%-42567&4%<,=2:%:%.,<>/:,3/1B%)YO
1– 773 f[%c– 793 f[%\– _]\%f
f,E% :&5.2% &=% >&@( aD% @% -:/1&G/.&/'% 3/'0/>,3->9% -42567&4% <,=2:% 0>&% :425/% :%
.,<>/:,3/1B% -:/1&G&:,/3@6% &% E21&G/@3:2% :9>,I,39:,/'2F% C1/E3>&G/@E2F% C./><&&(% *32%
@:6=,.2%@%-:/1&G/.&/'%E21&G/@3:,%3/01,D%23I&>,/'2<2%-%-42567&4%<,=2:(
*1/E3>&G/@E&F%fJZ%-@3,.2:E&%@2@3,:16/3%2E212%Y\ %.
:N:>"N
J>&% @>,:./.&/% >/=-1B3,32:% 516% QRP% -@3,.2:E&% 8P&@( \;% &% -<1/E&@123.2F%
-@3,.2:E& 8P&@( a;%'2K.2%@H2>'-1&>2:,3B%@1/5-L7&/%:9:259(
$@3,.2:E&% 02=:216L3% &@021B=2:,3B% 3/0123-% -42567&4% <,=2:% :% 20>/5/1/..2'%
&.3/>:,1/% 3/'0/>,3->O% -<1/E&@123.,6% -@3,.2:E,% ./% 02=:216/3% &@021B=2:,3B% 3/012%
-42567&4%
<,=2:%
.&K/%
]]h%
f 8@:6=,.2%
@%
',@@2<,I,>&3.9'&%
02E,=,3/16'&%
.,<>/:,3/16% )c;D% QRP% -@3,.2:E,% &'//3% 2<>,.&G/.&/% .,% ',E@&',1B.-L% 3/'0/>,3->-&=-=,%
@:2F@3:% 5&,3/>'&G/@E2<2% ',@1,(% X=-=,% :9@2 E&4% 5,:1/.&F% 8c h %!J,% &% _ %!JW;% :% E2 .3-> /%
-<1/E&@123.9/%-@3,.2:E&%02=:216L3%021-G&3B%'/.B?&/%>,='/>9D%G/' -%QRP%-@3,.2:2E(%$%
QRP% -@3,.2:2E% 5,:1/.&6% :% E2.3->/% .&K/% 8\% !J,% &% hDY !J,;D% @1/52:,3/1B.2D% I21B?&/%
>,='/>9%-=12: 8I21B?&/%2Ii/'.9/%>,@4259;(
f2CHH&A&/.39% 021/=.2<2% 5/F@3:&6 8C1/E3>&G/@E&F% fJZ;% -% -<1/E&@123.2F% &% QRP%
-@3,.2:2E%./%:/1&E&(%J>&%.,1&G&&%&@32G.&E,%3/01,%3,E2<2D%E,E%-42567&/%859'2:9/;%<,=9%
http://sntbul.bmstu.ru/doc/544434.html
&=% "#$D% :9I>,@9:,L7&/@6% :% ,3'2@H/>-% 0>&% 3/'0/>,3->/% 2E212% UU\ fD% 2@.2:.-L% >21B%
&<>,/3%021-G,/',6%'27.2@3BD%,%./%E2CHH&A&/.3%021/=.2<2%5/F@3:&6(
I@#EPA;<=;
$3&1&=,A&6% -42567&4% <,=2:% &=% "#$% 6:16/3@6% 0/>@0/E3&:.9'% .,0>,:1/.&/'% 516%
&@@1/52:,.&6% &% ?&>2E2<2% :./5>/.&6% 3,E&4% -@3,.2:2E% .,% 0>2&=:25@3:,4(% $@3,.2:E&%
02=:2163%
:9>,I,39:,3BD%
.,%
0>&'/>/%
E2'0,.&F%
Pratt & Whitney&Ormat,
2E212%c-U%!N3%C1/E3>&G/@E2F%'27.2@3&%& @.&=63%e:>/5.2/e%:2=5/F@3:&/%-42567&4%<,=2:%
.,%CE212<&L(
P,I23,% :9021./.,% 0>&% H&.,.@2:2'% @25/F@3:&&% !&.&@3/>@3:,% QI>,=2:,.&6%
P2@@&F@E2F%S/5/>,A&&(
B-%8.9 &%$,G($0G/
1. General Electric. OREGEN-2010 new casing.Brochure.Italy, 2010.
2. Recovered energy generation using an organic Rankine cycle system /N. P. Leslie, O. Zimron,
R. S. Sweetser, T. K. Stovall // CH-09-024. pages 220-230.
3.T->2:A/: X( "(D% W>I/E2: W( )(% J>&'/./.&/% @:/>4E>&3&G/@E&4% -<1/E&@123.94% A&E12:% :%
-@3,.2:E,4% 02% -3&1&=,A&&% 0>2'9?1/..2F% 3/01239// ),-E,% &% 2I>,=2:,.&/(% chY\(% jc(%
URL.http://technomag.edu.ru/doc/533901.html.
](% !216E2: N(Z(D% #-',?/: P(`(% QI2@.2:,.&/% @4/'% &% 0,>,'/3>2:% :9@2E2CHH/E3&:.94%
0,>23->I&..94%-@3,.2:2E%516%',12F%C./></3&E&%– X=:/@3&6%N$`2:D%!,?&.2@3>2/.&/D%
chYcD%j 10, @( 52–58.
5. !&4,1BA/: N( M(D%!216E2: N( Z(%P,@G/3%A&E1,%<,=23->I&..2F%-@3,.2:E&O%$G/I(%J2@2I&//
J25%>/5(%X( "( T->2:A/:,%– !(O%X=5-:2%!"#$%&'(%)( *( +,-',.,D%chhh%– \c@(D%&1(
!2125/K.9F%.,-G.2-3/4.&G/@E&F%:/@3.&E%STUU-51038