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0C1:8(., 9+%:-&D(. & 3 '%(/9&5$-3'&. D$1'*&. # -$'+0+17. <+1+/3'&.
D$1'*). 3+*$1J(%+3: (1.&$1$,3'+$ 3%4B$-&$ 3 21+2+*$/:C /+ 3 1(?18.
;+ &-&D&(0&*$ -+*+<+ 2$183'+<+ $2&3'+2( 97%+ 1$J$-+ $B$8$3)6-+ +06&3%)0: 3 21&60( 2$183'&. D$1'*$,: 3 21+0+&$1$$* & &$1$$* – 2+ 1,5 149.,
3 /:)'+-+* – 2+ 1 149., ( 3 23(%+85&'+* – 2+ 50 '+2. -( *+$--7$ -4B/719.
# 1915 <. * L2(1.&(%:-7, 2+2$6&0$%:-7, 3+*$0 /%) +'(?(-&) 2+8+5& 3+%/(0'(8 & &. 3$8:)8 /4.+*$-30*+ &? 3*+&. 31$/30* $B$8$3)6-+ *-+3&%&: 3*)5$--&'& – 2+ 3 149., /:)'+-7 – 2+ 2 149. & 23(%+85&'& – 2+ 1 149.20
#3$ 8+-(3071& ;$183'+, $2(1.&& (&. 97%+ 15) 21+&?*$%& * 1914 <. 39+1
2+B$10*+*(-&, -( -4B/7 *+$--+<+ *1$8$-&, ?(<+0+*%)) 9$%:$, 0$2%4C +/$B/4 & 0./. F+-(.& 2+/*+1:) $%+<+13'+<+ G*)0+-Q&'+%($*3'+<+ 84B3'+<+
+95$B&0$%:-+<+ 8+-(3071) 4301+&%& /%) 1(-$-7. *+&-+* %(?(1$0 -( 20 '1+*(0$, 3 2+%-78 3+/$1B(-&$8 ?( 36$0 8+-(3071).
# 1915 <. 2$183'&$ 8+-(3071& 21+/+%B(%& &? 3*+&. /+.+/+* +06&3%)0:
-( -4B/7 *+,-7 +0 2 /+ 4 %, ( 0('B$ & /$%(%& 2+B$10*+*(-&) /$-:<(8&21.
Q(30+)0$%: T(*+13'+, 24307-& &<48$- U*$-(%&, «3 91(0&$,» 21$/30(*&% ' 21(?/-&'4 =+B/$30*( V1&30+*( -( *+$--7$ -4B/7 L<+ #$%&6$30*4 <+34/(1C &82$1(0+14 2+B$10*+*(-&) /$-:<(8& – ?+%+0+8 200 149. «3 *71(B$-&$8 *$1-+2+//(--&6$3'+, 21$/(--+30& <+1)6&. 8+%&0*$--7. 2+B$%(-&,
+ -&32+3%(-&& 3*7J$ P$1B(*-+84 #+B/C 2+9$/+-+3-+, =433'+, (18&& 3'+$%&' & C!/9!5&/$%&' $ 1913 (. =!)+/)%",-/) ()%)5) +!$4-%, ",9) ,"!$-).0.,5$4 & $$05,5$4.
G,$$-"!54/ . 1937 (.
15
J/+")/&% . #&"* =&%)56$%&' ?5,+&#&" J5!%$,/+").&2 (1870–1918) – .&%,"/0' !<&$%)<
@&)-$%&' (1906–1907), .&%,"/0' !<&$%)< T)5#$%&' (1907), .&%,"/0' !<&$%)< P&1.&/$%&' (1908–
1913), !<&$%)< D#$%&' & ,.5)+,"$%&' (1913–1914), !<&$%)< !"#$%&' & F)5&%,#$%&', !"#$%&'
& @*/(*"$%&' (1914–1918), ,"1&!<&$%)< !"#$%&' & @*/(*"$%&' (1918). G,$$-"!54/ . 1918 (.
16
F#.: D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& !"#$%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1914 ()+ // GIEJ. K.796. D<. 442. 3. 2658. S. 7.
17
P,# :!. S. 5.
18
D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& !"#$%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1915 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442. 3. 2720. S. 3.
19
F#.: !"#$%&! !<,"1&,56/0! .!+)#)$-&. 1914. M 23–24. D-+. /!)8. F. 468–471.
20
D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& !"#$%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1915 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442. 3. 2720. S. 36.
21
F#. -,# :!. S. 18.
65
1+, 2+9$/7 & '+-$6-+<+ 3+'14J$-&) /$1?'+<+ & 3&%:-+<+ *1(<(»22. !1+8$ 0+<+, &<48$- U*$-(%&, 2+B$10*+*(% -( -4B/7 *+,-7 &<48$-3'&, ?+%+0+, -(2$13-7, '1$30 30+&8+30:C 150 149.23
L2&3'+2 S-/1+-&' 4 +'0)91) 1915 <. 1(321+301(-&% 21$/%+B$-&$, '+0+1+$ 97%+ -(2$6(0(-+ * W 29 «;$183'&. $2(1.&(%:-7. *$/+8+30).», 3%$/+*(0: 21&8$14 -+*+, X$1/7-3'+, H+(--+- +<+3%+*3'+, +9&0$%&, 461$/&*J$,
4 3$9) 3$%:3'+.+?),30*$--4C J'+%4 & +0'17*J4C 21&C0 /%) «*+&-3'&. /$0$, & /$0$, 9$B$-D$*»24. L2&3'+2 * >0+8 21$/%+B$-&& 21&?*(% *3$. -(30+)0$%$, & -(30+)0$%:-&D 8+-(3071$, ;$183'+, $2(1.&& «*30(0: -( 2+8+5:
@0$6$30*4 & -(1+/4, 6$8 8+<40 &, +0%+B&*J& 8$-$$ 32$J-7$ /$%(, <+0+*&0:
0$2%4C +/$B/4 & 9$%:$ /%) -(J&. *+&-+* -( ?&84: A4A(,'& &%& B&%$0'& -(
*(0$, &%& %46J$ -( J$130&, *)?(--7$ &? J$130& 2$16(0'& & -+3'&, 2+10)-'&
&? .+%30(, '&3$07 /%) 0(9('(…»25.
;+ /(--+84 21$/%+B$-&C (&? K&1'4%)1-+<+ 4'(?( ;$183'+, P4.+*-+,
!+-3&30+1&& -(30+)0$%:-&D(8 8+-(3071$, ;$183'+, $2(1.&&, +0 7 )-*(1)
1915 <. ?( W 2) 2+ 3++91(B$-&)8 *+$--+<+ *1$8$-&, B$-3'&8 +9&0$%)8 $2(1.&& 97%+ -(?-(6$-+ +3+9+$ 2+3%4J(-&$: «+0 +9&0$%$, /+%B-7 970: &?91(-7
& -(21(*%$-7 +3+97$ 39+15&D7 – 2+ /*$ +0 +9&0$%&, '+0+17$, 1(?O$?B() 2+
+'1$30-+30)8, +09&1(%& 31$/& -(3$%$-&) 2+B$10*+*(-&), & /$-:<(8&, & *$5(8&, -(21&8$1, 2%(0:$8, .+%30+8, J$130:C, & .%$9+8, & +*3+8 -( -4B/7
*+&-+*, %(?(1$0+*, -( 2(3.(%:-7$ 2+/(1'& *+&-(8; 2+ 8$1$ -('+2%$-&), .%$9
& +*$3 8+B-+ 21+/(*(0: -( 8$30(. & *7146$--+$ 21&37%(0: 2+ -(?-(6$-&C
* ;$183'&, L2(1.&(%:-7, ;+2$6&0$%:-7, G+*$0…»26.
# 3*+$8 +06$0$ ?( 1914 <. $2&3'+2 S-/1+-&' 2&3(%: « %(<+/(1) 30(1(-&C
/4.+*$-30*( * '(B/+8 +95$30*$, /$1$*-$, 3$%$, ?(*+/$, <+1+/$ $2(1.&& &?91(-7 +3+97$ 2+2$6&0$%&, &%& 461$B/$-7 2+2$6&0$%:-7$ 3+*$07 + 3$8:). ?(2(3-7. & 21+&?*+/&03) 39+1 *3$*+?8+B-78& 2+B$10*+*(-&)8&. @?-(6$--78& 2+2$6&0$%:-78& 3+*$0(8& /+ 1 )-*(1) 0$'45$<+ <+/( 3+91(-+ 97%+ *$5$*7. 2+B$10*+*(-&, (9$%:), +/$B/7, +94*&, .+%30( & 21+6.) -( 34884 /+
4000 149. & /$-$B-7. 42 529 149. 63 '+2. (2+B$10*+*(-&, 6(30-7. %&D
38 526 149. 41 '+2. & 2+B$10*+*(-&, &? D$1'+*-7. 3488 4003 149. 22 '+2.).
R( *$3: >0+0 2$1&+/ *1$8$-& &8& 97%( +'(?(-( 2+8+5: 10 775 3$8$,30*(8,
-( 60+ 97%+ &?1(3.+/+*(-+ 33 880 149. 91 '+2. (&? 6(30-7. 2+B$10*+*(-&,
29 086 149. 9 '+2. & &? D$1'+*-7. 3488 4794 149. 82 '+2.)»27.
22
D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& !"#$%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1915 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442. 3. 2720. S. 18.
F#. -,# :!.
24
F#. -,# :!. S. 12.
25
P,# :!.
26
P,# :!. S. 18.
27
D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& !"#$%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1914 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442. 3. 2658. S. 25.
23
66
# 1915 <. 21&60 E(8+*3'+, D$1'*& ;$183'+<+ 4$?/( -( -4B/7 +9+1+-7
3+91(% 270 149. & 21$21+*+/&% &. * !+8&0$0 L<+ #$%&6$30*(28. #3$<+ 2+3042&%+ * 1915 <. -( *+$--7$ -4B/7 42 549 149. 22 '+2., /$-:<(8& & 1(?-78&
*$5(8& -( 34884 2940 149. 46 '+2. -( 3+/$1B(-&$ /*4. 21&C0+* /%) 3+%/(03'&. /$0$, 1658 149. 78 '+2. GO$?/+8 /4.+*$-30*( &? 3488 ;+2$6&0$%:-+<+
3+*$0( +0245$-+ -( +0'170&$ 21&C0( /%) /$0$, *+&-+* & /%) &-*(%&/+* *+&-+* * <. !4-<41$ 20 000 149.29
P4.+*$-30*+ 0('B$ *-+3&%+ /$-:<& & * 21&.+/3'&$ 2+2$6&0$%:-7$ 3+*$07. Q(21&8$1, * 1915 <. * ;$18& G*)0+-M1+&D'+$ ;+2$6&0$%:30*+ *7/(%+ 2+3+9&$ 3$8:)8 21&?*(--7. -( *+,-4 9+%$$ 1500 149.30 Q)?$-;$01+*3'&8 2+2$6&0$%:-78 3+*$0+8 !1(3-+4A&83'+<+ 4$?/( *7/(-+ 97%+ -( 49+1'4 3$-( /+
176 149.31, &3$103'&8 – -( +93$8$-$-&$ 225 149.32, F&.(,%+*3'&8 !1(3-+4A&83'+<+ 4$?/( – -( 2+'42'4 0$2%7. *$5$, & 2+/(1'& * (18&C ' 21(?/-&'4
=+B/$30*( V1&30+*( 236 149., ( *3$8& 3+*$0(8& 2+B$10*+*(-+ /$-:<(8& 9+%$$ 4000 149. & *$5(8& -( 34884 14 157 149. 51 '+2.33 ;+ 3++95$-&C ;$183'+<+ *+$--+-21+87J%$--+<+ '+8&0$0( +0 23 (*<430( 1915 <., *72+%-)) 1(32+1)B$-&) $2&3'+2( S-/1+-&'(, 2$183'+$ /4.+*$-30*+ 3+9&1(%+ 2+B$10*+*(-&) /$-:<(8&, *$5(8& «-( -4B/7 <+34/(130*$--+, +9+1+-7». 7%+
3+91(-+: «30(1+, 8$/-+, 8+-$07 & 8$/& 200 24/+*, D&-'( & +%+*( & 3*&-D(
100 24/+*, B$%$?( & 64<4-( 700 24/+*, *3$<+ -( 34884 21&9%&?&0$%:-+ +'+%+
13 000 149.»34.
30 3$-0)91) 1915 <. *7J%+ 21$/%+B$-&$ $2&3'+2( S-/1+-&'(, </$ <+*+1&%+3: «60+97 -$ /(0: -$8$D'&8 (<$-0(8 *+?8+B-+30& *7?*(0: ?(8$J(0$%:30*+ * >'+-+8&6$3'+, B&?-& =+33&& & /(B$ 2(-&'4 31$/& +97*(0$%$,, 21&607 & 30(1+307 D$1'*$, 3(8& 3 9+%:J+, +30+1+B-+30:C +0-+3&%&3: ' 21+3:9(8 1(?8$-)0: * D$1'*(. & 8+-(3071). '1$/&0'& -( 8$%'4C 3$1$91)-4C
& 8$/-4C 8+-$04 & 21&.+B(- 49$B/(%& /$%(0: 0+ B$ 3(8+$»35.
# 3*+$8 +06$0$ ?( 1915 <. 2$183'&, $2&3'+2 +08$6(%: «# +9%$<6$-&$ E+34/(130*$--+<+ !(?-(6$,30*( 2+ 21&+91$0$-&C ?+%+0+, 8+-$07 * +98$- -(
'1$/&0-7$ 9&%$07, /4.+*$-30*+ 1(32+%(<(%+ 21&.+B(- 3*+&. 3/(*(0: * !(?-(6$,30*( &8$C5$$3) -( 14'(. &. ?+%+0+»36. M('&8 +91(?+8, 97%+ 3/(-+
21&60+8 3. =(30$3( G+%&'(83'+<+ 4$?/( -( 34884 5427 149., 3. G4/&-3'+8
@3&-3'+<+ 4$?/( 3*)5$--&'+8 F. 4/-&-78 1067 149. & +/-&8 /:)'+-+8
28
S. 37.
F#.: D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&&
!"#$%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1915 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442. 3. 2720.
29
P,# :!.
F#. -,# :!.
31
F#. -,# :!.
32
F#. -,# :!.
33
F#. -,# :!.
34
F#. -,# :!.
35
P,# :!. S. 38.
36
P,# :!. S. 37.
30
67
1000 149.37 ;+8+<(%+ /4.+*$-30*+ & * +98$-$ -( 5,5 % *-401$--&, ?($8 -(
-4B/7 *+,-7 D$1'+*-78& 3488(8& & 21&.+/3'&8&38.
;+ 21$/%+B$-&C 2$183'+<+ $2&3'+2( S-/1+-&'( /4.+*$-30*+ 0('B$
/+%B-+ 97%+ 49$B/(0: 21&.+B(- 3*+&. «-$ *+?*7J(0: D$- -( B&?-$--7$
21&2(37 & 0+2%&*+, -( 2+0$.4 *1(<(8 -(J&8»39. Q+ 3 +<+16$-&$8 $2&3'+2 +08$0&%: «YC9+*: 21&.+B(- ' %$<'+, -(B&*$ 2+ 3%46(C 0('+, *$%&'+, 9$/7,
'(' *+,-(, -$ +30(-+*&%( &. * -$6$30-+8 4*$%&6$-&& D$- -( *3$, 9$? '1(,-$,
-4B/7, ' *$%&'+84 307/4 &. & 9$36$30&C»40.
IB$ 6 (*<430( 1914 <. 3+30+)%+3: 3+91(-&$ /4.+*$-30*( & 30(1+30 D$1'*$, <+1+/( #)0'&, </$ $/&-+<%(3-+ 2+30(-+*&%& +0'170: * #)03'+8 $2(1.&(%:-+8 /+8$ %(?(1$0 /4.+*-+<+ *$/+830*( -( 15 '1+*(0$,. 5 3$-0)91) 1914 <.
>0+0 %(?(1$0 97% 2$1$&8$-+*(- * <+32&0(%:, 3 4301+,30*+8 * -$8 +2$1(D&+--+, '+8-(07 /%) 21&$8( 0)B$%+1(-$-7., ( -$ %$<'+1(-$-7., '(' 21$/2+%(<(%+3: * -(6(%$. G 1 3$-0)91) 1914 <. -(6(%3) 21&$8 1(-$-7.. R( -&8& 4.(B&*(%& 6 3$30$1 8&%+3$1/&), 5 3(-&0(1+*, 2 '4.(1'&, *1(6 & 2 A$%:/J$1(. ! -(6(%4 1915 <. <+32&0(%: 97% 1(336&0(- -( 100 '+$'. "0+ 97% '142-$,J&, %(?(1$0
* =+33&& &? $2(1.&(%:-7.41.
;1& #)03'+8 & !4B$-$13'+8 B$-3'&. 8+-(3071). 97%& +0'1707 21&C07 /%) /$0$, *+&-+*, 3+/$1B(5&$3) -( 31$/30*( 8+-(3071) & 8$30-+<+ /4.+*$-30*(. # !4B$-$13'+8 B$-3'+8 8+-(3071$ 21&C0 97% 1(336&0(- -(
13 /$*+6$'42.
K$1'*& #)03'+, $2(1.&& B$10*+*(%& -( *+$--7$ -4B/7 * 1914 <. 0,5 %
& *7J$ &? 3*+&. 2+3042%$-&,. Q(6&-() 3 3$-0)91) 1914 <. D$1'+*-+3%4B&0$%& <+1+/( #)0'& B$10*+*(%& $B$/-$*-+ -( 3+/$1B(-&$ 1(-$-7. *+&-+*:
21+0+&$1$, – 20 '+2., 3*)5$--&' – 15 '+2., /:)'+- – 10 '+2., 23(%+85&' –
5 '+2. #)03'&, S1.&$1$,3'&, /+8 $/&-+*1$8$--+ *7/$%&% * 1914 <. 1500 149.
& +9)?(%3) 3+/$1B(0: 21& /+8$ 10 1(-$-7.. #)03'+$ $2(1.&(%:-+$ 91(030*+
G*)0&0$%) & X4/+0*+1D( Q&'+%() 0('B$ 2+B$10*+*(%& -( 1(-$-7. & 9+%:-7.
*+&-+* 1500 149.43
#)03'+$ /4.+*$-30*+ 21&-&8(%+ 3(8+$ ('0&*-+$ 46(30&$ * 3+?/(-&& 2+2$6&0$%:-7. 3+*$0+*. G (*<430( 2+ /$'(91: 1914 <. 2+2$6&0$%:-78& 3+*$0(8& 97%( +'(?(-( 8(0$1&(%:-() 2+8+5: 23 585 3$8:)8, 60+ *71(?&%(3: * +95$, 3488$: 32 329 149. 99 '+2.44 ;+ &-&D&(0&*$ D$1'*& 97%& +1<(-&?+*(-7
37
S. 37.
F#.: D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&&
!"#$%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1915 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442. 3. 2720.
38
F#. -,# :!. S. 38.
F#. -,# :!.
40
P,# :!.
41
F#.: D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& ?4-$%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1914 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442. 3. 2632.
39
S. 38.
42
F#.: D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& ?4-$%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1915 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442. 3. 2694. S. 14.
F#.: D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& ?4-$%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1914 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442. 3. 2632. S. 40.
44
P,# :!.
43
68
/(83'&$ '14B'& 2+ J&0:C 9$%:) /%) *+&-+*, '4/( 2+8&8+ +30(%:-7. *.+/&%& 8+-(.&-&, 2+3%4J-&D7, ( 0('B$ 6%$-7 3$8$, 3*)5$--+3%4B&0$%$,. # /$'(91$ 1914 <. -( 31$/30*( /4.+*-+<+ *$/+830*( #)03'+, $2(1.&& 97%& 3/$%(-7 1+B/$30*$-3'&$ 2+/(1'& /%) D$%+<+ 2+%'(, 30+)5$<+ -( 2$1$/+*7. 2+?&D&).. ;+/(1'& *146(% 3*)5$--&' L8&%&(- Q&'+%($*. # +/&- 2+/(1+6-7,
'+82%$'0 *.+/&%+ 11 *$5$,: 149(J'&, '(%:3+-7, 0$2%7, B&%$0, -(24%:3-&'&, -(91CJ-&', 2$16(0'&, 64%'&, J%$8, -(4J-&'& & J(1A; ?(0$8 4?$%+'
3 8$%'&8& *$5(8&: 6($8, 3(.(1+8, 87%+8, 0(9('+8, 2&36$, 948(<+,, '+-*$10(8&, -&0'(8&, &<+%'+,, '(1(-/(J+8, %+B'+,45.
R( 5 8$3)D$* 1914 <. *3$. 2+B$10*+*(-&, 0+%:'+ +0 /4.+*$-30*( 301(-7,
-$ 36&0() 31$/30*, 3+91(--7. 2+2$6&0$%:-78& 3+*$0(8&, 2+3042&%+ -( 34884 137 300 149., -+ -(&9+%$$ ?-(6&0$%:-7$ /$-$B-7$ 2+B$10*+*(-&) 3/$%(%&
3*)5$--+D$1'+*-+3%4B&0$%& 10 $2(1.&,. ! &. 6&3%4 +0-+3&%&3: & /*$ 41(%:3'&$: IA&83'() $2(1.&) (10 000 149.) & @1$-941<3'() (7000 149.)46.
# 0$6$-&$ 1914–1915 <<. &? @1$-941<3'+, $2(1.&& 97%+ 2+3%(-+ * (18&C 13 01(-32+10+* *3$*+?8+B-7. 21$/8$0+* +984-/&1+*(-&), 2&0(-&)
& 3-(1)B$-&). # (*<430$ 1915 <. 21& @1$-941<3'+8 $2(1.&(%:-+8 '+8&0$0$
3+?/(%& +3+94C *+$--+-21+87J%$--4C 3$'D&C, '+0+1() &?73'(%( -( *+$--7$ D$%& /+ 25 000 149. & +1<(-&?+*(%+ +3+97, 39+1 8$0(%%+*, /(*J&, /+
10 000 24/+* 64<4-( & /+ 100 24/+* 8$/&47. L'(0$1&-941<3'&, $2&3'+2 G$1(A&8 * 3*+$8 +06$0$ ?( 1915 <. 2&3(%: «R%+30-() %$<$-/( + 3%(9+, +0?7*6&*+30& /4.+*$-30*( * 2$1$B&*($8+$ 0)B$%+$ *1$8) ' /4.+*$-30*4 -$21&%+B&8(»48.
S'0&*-+$ 46(30&$ * 1(9+0$ '+8&0$0( !1(3-+<+ !1$30( 21&-)%& 21$2+/(*(0$%& & 46(5&$3) /4.+*-+-46$9-7. ?(*$/$-&,. =)/ &? -&. * 1914 <. 43042&%&
3*+& ?/(-&) /%) -4B/ *+$--+<+ *1$8$-&. #3$ ?/(-&) &%& 2+60& *3$ 43042&%&
IA&83'() /4.+*-() 3$8&-(1&), !(87J%+*3'+$, X$%)9&-3'+$, ;$183'+$, G+%&'(83'+$, IA&83'+$ /4.+*-7$ 46&%&5(, ( 0('B$ #)03'+$, L'(0$1&-941<3'+$, ;$183'+$ $2(1.&(%:-7$ B$-3'&$ 46&%&5(. M+%:'+ 6(30: 3*+&. 2+8$5$-&, +0/(%& ;$183'() /4.+*-() 3$8&-(1&) & L'(0$1&-941<3'+$ /4.+*-+$
46&%&5$. F-+<&$ *+32&0(--&'& /4.+*-+-46$9-7. ?(*$/$-&, ?(2&3(%&3: /+91+*+%:D(8& -( A1+-0 &%& 2+3042&%& * *+$--+-46$9-7$ ?(*$/$-&). H? 46(5&.3) /4.+*-+-46$9-7. ?(*$/$-&, +91(?+*7*(%&3: 3(-&0(1-7$ +01)/7 /%)
2$1$-+3'& 1(-$-7. 3 *+'?(%+* * <+32&0(%:. #+ *1$8) %$0-&. '(-&'4% +1<(-&?+*7*(%&3: «1(9+6&$ /14B&-7» /%) 2+8+5& 3$8:)8 *+&-+* /$,30*4C5$,
45
F#. -,# :!. S. 38.
F#.: ?$!<)++,/!'N&' )-2!- );!"-<")%*")", F.. F&/)+, <) .!+)#$-.* <",.)$5,./)()
&$<).!+,/&4 9, 1914 ()+. (.,1916. F. 67–68.
47
F#.: D;9)" +!4-!56/)$-& ?!+)#$-., <",.)$5,./)() &$<).!+,/&4 9, 1915 ()+. (., 1917.
F. 13–14.
48
F#.: D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& R%,-!"&/;*"($%)' !<,"1&& 9, GIEJ 9, 1915 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796.
D<. 442. 3. 2699. S. 20.
46
69
(18&& (2+ 0&24 «0&841+*3'+<+ /*&B$-&)»). #+32&0(--&D7 B$-3'&. $2(1.&(%:-7. 46&%&5 J&%& 9$%:$ /%) 3+%/(0. # 31$/-$8 -( +/-+ B$-3'+$ $2(1.&(%:-+$ 46&%&5$ 21&.+/&%+3: /+ 3000 21$/8$0+* 3/(--+<+ 9$%:)49.
# 1$?4%:0(0$ -(3042%$-&) <$18(-3'&. *+,3' * 1915 <. 1433'() (18&) *7-4B/$-( 97%( +30(*&0: ;+%:J4 3 #(1J(*+, & 6(30: ;1&9(%0&'&, 2+0$1)* 21&
>0+8 +'+%+ /*4. 8&%%&+-+* 6$%+*$'. ;+>0+84 %$0+8 1915 <. +3+9$--+ +30178
30(% *+21+3 + 9$B$-D(.. G*. G&-+/ -$8$/%$--+ 21+1$(<&1+*(% -( 01$9+*(-&)
/-) 1)/+8 3*+&. 2+30(-+*%$-&,. # (*<430$ & 3$-0)91$ 1915 <. D&1'4%)1-78&
3&-+/(%:-78& 4'(?(8& -( $2(1.&(%:-7. *%(/7' 97%( *+?%+B$-( +9)?(--+30:
+?(9+0&0:3) + 1(?8$5$-&& 9$B$-D$*: 8+-(.+*, 2+3%4J-&'+*, '%&1&'+*, 46&0$%$, D$1'+*-7. J'+% & /4.+*-+-46$9-7. ?(*$/$-&,. P%) +'(?(-&) 8(0$1&(%:-+, 2+8+5& 9$B$-D(8 * 3$-0)91$ 1915 <. ?( %&041<&$, & -('(-4-$ ?( *3$-+5-78 9/$-&$8, *+ *3$. D$1'*). =+33&& 21+&?*$/$- 97% 32$D&(%:-7, 39+1
2+B$10*+*(-&,50.
# ;$18& 345$30*+*(%+ /*( D$-01(, ?(-&8(C5&.3) 21+9%$8(8& 9$B$-D$*: /4.+*-7,, D$1'+*-7, – ;+2$6&0$%:-7, 3+*$0 + 9$B$-D(. 3 8$30, ?(-)07. -$21&)0$%$8, & 3*$03'&, – ;$183'&, <+1+/3'+, '+8&0$0 + 9$B$-D(..
X%$-(8& >0&. /*4. D$-01+* (3+*$0( & '+8&0$0() 97% 9%(<+6&--7, <1(/+;$183'&. D$1'*$, H+(-- ;:)-'+*51. 7% $5$ «L2(1.&(%:-7, ;+2$6&0$%:-7, G+*$0 + *+&-(. & &. 3$8$,30*(.», 6%$-(8& $<+ 97%& 21+0+&$1$&: ;$01
X$1-)$*, L*<$-&, 4/1&- & H+(-- ;:)-'+*52. S-(%&?&14) 3%+B&*J4C3) 3&04(D&C, 2$183'&, $2&3'+2 S-/1+-&' * 3*+$8 +06$0$ ?( 1915 <. 2&3(% * G*. G&-+/: «Q( 21&?7* /4.+*$-30*( 21&.+B(-$ +.+0-+ & * 9+%:J+8 '+%&6$30*$, '('
*&/-+ &? *$/+8+30$, + 2+B$10*+*(-&). * $2(1.&&, & /$-:<(8& & -(041+C
B$10*4C0 & * 2+2$6&0$%:-7$ 21&.+/3'&$ 3+*$07 & -( !1(3-7, !1$30 (9+%$$
40 000 149%$,) & -( 21$/8$07 +9+1+-7 & -( 9$B$-D$* (/+ 15 000 149%$,), -(
21&C07-)3%& /%) /$0$, *+&-+*, -( -4B/7 9+%:-7. & 1(-$-7. *+&-+* G$19&&
& X$1-+<+1&&, -( <+%+/(C5&. 143&- * E(%&D&& & 4'+*&-$ & * /14<&$ 9%(<+0*+1&0$%:-+-21+3*$0&0$%:-7$ 461$B/$-&) (*3$<+ 9+%$$ 20 000 149%$,)»53.
# @1$-941<3'+, $2(1.&& 9$B$-D$*-8&1)- 1(?8$30&%& * 2 8+-(30713'&. /+8(. & * 4 ?/(-&). D$1'+*-7. J'+% <+1+/( @1$-941<(. ;1& /*4. 8+-(3071). (H%$D'+8 B$-3'+8 & F$5)1&'+*3'+8 84B3'+8) +0'17%&3: 21&C07 /%) 9$B$-D$*. !+</( '+%&6$30*+ 9$B$-D$* /+30&<%+ -$873%&87. 8(3J0(9+*, /%) -&. * /+8$ @1$-941<3'+<+ H+(3(A+*3'+<+ 3$301&6-+<+ 91(030*(
30(%& <+0+*&0: +3+97$ +9$/7 & 1(?*+?&0: &. 2+ <+1+/4. # 9(1('(. /%) 9$B$-49
D;9)" +!4-!56/)$-& ?!+)#$-., <",.)$5,./)() &$<).!+,/&4 9, 1915 ()+. (., 1917.
F. 80–85.
50
F#. -,# :!. F. 6–8.
51
F#.: D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& !"#$%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1915 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442. 3. 2720.
S. 28.
52
F#. -,# :!.
53
P,# :!. S. 22.
70
D$* 2+3%4J-&D7 $B$/-$*-+ 1(?/(*(%& /+ 40 *$/$1 8+%+'(. G2$D&(%:-+ /%)
9$B$-D$* +0'17%& -+*4C 2+.+/-4C D$1'+*:. # IA&83'+, $2(1.&& D$1'+*-+$
14'+*+/30*+ 270(%+3: 3+?/(0: 9%(<+21&)0-7$ 43%+*&) /%) +946$-&) /$0$,
9$B$-D$*. # D$1'+*-7$ J'+%7 +-& 21&-&8(%&3: *-$ +6$1$/&. Q( +0245$--7$ R(2(/-+-=433'&8 +95$30*+8 31$/30*( (21140 149.) * 1(?-7. 8$30(.
$2(1.&& +0'17%& 30 J'+% 32$D&(%:-+ /%) 9$B$-D$*54.
@3+9+$ *-&8(-&$ D$1'+*: 4/$%)%( /$0)8 *+&-+*. Q( /$-:<& =+8(-+*3'+<+ '+8&0$0( 97%& +0'1707 21&C07 /%) /$0$, *+&-+* * B$-3'&. 8+-(3071).:
X$1/7-3'+8 H+(--+- +<+3%+*3'+8 (;$183'() $2(1.&)) & L'(0$1&-941<3'+8
Q+*+-M&.*&-3'+8 (L'(0$1&-941<3'() $2(1.&)). M('+, B$ 21&C0, -+ *3$D$%+
-( /$-:<& /4.+*-+<+ *$/+830*( 461$/&%& * IA$55. @1<(-&?(D&) 21&?1$-&) /$0$, *+&-+* * ;$183'+, $2(1.&& 36&0(%(3: +91(?D+*78 /$%+8. ;$183'&,
$2(1.&(%:-7, 2+2$6&0$%:-7, 3+*$0 + -4B/(. *+,-7 21&3042&% ' +1<(-&?(D&& 21&C0+* * 1914 <., *71(9+0(* +3+9+$ «;+%+B$-&$». G+<%(3-+ 2+3%$/-$84
* 21&C07 21&-&8(%&3: 3+%/(03'&$ /$0& /+ 10-%$0-$<+ *+?1(30(, +0D7 '+0+17. &%& 49&07 -( *+,-$, &%& 2+0$1)%& 014/+32+3+9-+30: *3%$/30*&$ 1(-$-&), ( 8(0$1& 9+%:-7 &%& +91$8$-$-7 8-+<+6&3%$--78 3$8$,30*+8. Q( 3+/$1B(-&$ 21&?1$*($87. L2(1.&(%:-7, 2+2$6&0$%:-7, 3+*$0 (33&<-+*(% 2+
10 149. * 8$3)D * <+1+/$ ;$18& & 2+ 8 149. * $2(1.&&. !1+8$ /*4. +0'1707.
8+-(30713'&. 21&C0+* (B$-3'&$ 8+-(3071& ;$183'&, I32$-3'&, & X$1/7-3'&, H+(--+- +<+3%+*3'&,) 2+ 2+30(-+*%$-&C $2(1.&(%:-+<+ 3O$?/( /4.+*$-30*( & 30(1+30 ;$183'+, $2(1.&& +'+%+ <+1+/( !4-<41(, -( ?$8%$, 2+B$10*+*(--+, /4.+*-+84 *$/+830*4 '42D+8 #(3&%:$*78, 97%+ 1$J$-+ +0'170: 21&C0-9+<(/$%:-C /%) 21&?1$-&) 3+%/(03'&. 3&1+0 & '(%$'-*+&-+*. Q(
+1<(-&?(D&C & 3+/$1B(-&$ $<+ L2(1.&(%:-7, 2+2$6&0$%:-7, 3+*$0 (33&<-+*(% 20 000 149. !1+8$ 0+<+, +0'%&'-4*J&3: -( 21&?7* G*. G&-+/( +9 4301+,30*$ )3$%: * 21&.+/(. *+ *1$8) 2+%$*7. 1(9+0, ;$183'() $2(1.&) +0'17%(
122 24-'0( /%) )3$%:. ;+8$5$-&$8 /%) -&. 3%4B&%& <%(*-78 +91(?+8 ?/(-&)
D$1'+*-7. J'+%56.
# +06$0$ ?( 1915 <. 2$183'&, $2&3'+2 S-/1+-&' +08$6(%: «;+ 21$/2&3(-&C G*. G&-+/( & 8+&8 21$/%+B$-&$8, 21& 2+8+5& D$1'+*-+-21&.+/3'&.
2+2$6&0$%:30*, 21&.+/3'&. 2+2$6&0$%:-7. 3+*$0+*, 3$301&6$30* & 91(030*,
21& 8-+<&. D$1'*(. $2(1.&& ?(*$/$-7 97%& %$0-&$ )3%&-21&C07 /%) /$0$,
*+&-+*, '('+*7. & 97%+ *3$<+ 122 3 2070 /$0:8& (+0 2 8$3)D$* /+ 10 %$0), -(
-&. &?1(3.+/+*(-+ 21&9%&?&0$%:-+ /+ 5000 149%$, /$-$<, 2+8&8+ B$10* -(041+C, 3+91(--7. 21& 46(30&& /4.+*$-30*( & &. 6%$-+* 3$8:&»57. Z$-7 3*)54
F#.: D;9)" +!4-!56/)$-& ?!+)#$-., <",.)$5,./)() &$<).!+,/&4 9, 1915 ()+. (., 1917.
F. 28–29.
55
F#. -,# :!. F. 15–16.
56
F#. -,# :!. F. 17–20.
57
D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& !"#$%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1915 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442. 3. 2720. S. 38.
71
5$--&'+* & 46&0$%:-&D7 21&-&8(%& * 4.+/$ ?( /$0:8& 3(8+$ /$)0$%:-+$
46(30&$. Q( 9$/-7. 21&.+B(-, -( 2+/(1'& ' 21(?/-&'(8 * 1915 <. 97%+ 3+91(-+ 69 328 149. 94 '+258.
# <+/7 ;$1*+, 8&1+*+, *+,-7 8+-(J$30*+ & /4.+*$-30*+ 4.+/&%& -(
A1+-0 /+91+*+%:-+. M(', -(21&8$1, +3-+*(0$%: G$1(A&8+-S%$'3$$*3'+<+
3'&0( $%+<+13'+<+ 84B3'+<+ 8+-(3071) &<48$- G$1(A&8 (!4?-$D+*) -$ 8+<
+30(0:3) * 30+1+-$ & *8$30$ 3 6$071:8) &$1+8+-(.(8& $%+<+13'+<+ 8+-(3071) /+91+*+%:-+ +021(*&%3) -( A1+-0 /%) *$/$-&) 2(30713'+, 1(9+0759.
Q( A1+-0(. ;$1*+, 8&1+*+, 3*)5$--&'& -$ 0+%:'+ */+.-+*%)%& 9+,D+*, -+
& 21+)*%)%& 2+/%&--7, <$1+&?8. M(', * 1914 <. 3*)5$--&' 102 #)03'+<+ 2+%'( P&8&01&, YC9(*3'&, *7*$% &?-2+/ +<-) -$21&)0$%:3'+, 0)B$%+, (10&%%$1&& 16 2+*+?+' 2+%'+*+<+ +9+?(, 21& >0+8 $<+ 3(8+<+ '+-04?&%+. R( >0+0
& /14<&$ 3*+& 2+/*&<& +- 97% -(<1(B/$- * 1916 <. G*. #%(/&8&1+8 4 30$2$-&
3 8$6(8&. M+%:'+ ?( 1914 <. -( A1+-0$ 97%+ 49&0+ 27 3*)5$--&'+* & &$1+8+-(.+*, 1(-$-+ 67, 21+2(%+ 9$? *$30& 1460. ! '+-D4 1915 <. *+$--7. 3*)5$--&'+* -(36&07*(%+3: 2 073., ( *3$<+ &. 97%+ * (18&& 3*7J$ 5 073.61
# ;$183'+, $2(1.&& * &C-$ 1915 <. ' *$1J&-$ <+17 T(*+1, * T(*+13'+,
+9&0$%&, 2+ 3%46(C 0+1B$30*$--+<+ +3*)5$-&) (%0(1)-6(3+*-& 3 21$30+%+8
* 6$30: #+?/*&B$-&) !1$30( E+32+/-) & * 2(8)0: 1433'&. *+&-+* «49&$--7.
* -7-$J-CC *+,-4», 3+91(%&3: '1$30-7$ .+/7 &? ;$18& & $5$ 15 21&.+/+*.
"0& '1$30-7$ .+/7 *+?<%(*&% 1$'0+1 ;$183'+, /4.+*-+, 3$8&-(1&& (1.&8(-/1&0 ;&8$-, $<+ 3+21+*+B/(%& $2(1.&(%:-7, 8&33&+-$1 & 4$?/-7$ 8&33&+-$17. #8$30$ 3 21(*+3%(*-78& J%& & 1(3'+%:-&'& & 3$'0(-0762. I *-+*:
+3*)5$--+<+ (%0(1)-2(8)0-&'( 21+J%+ «*3$-(1+/-+$ 9+<+8+%$-&$ +9 42+'+$-&& 21(*+3%(*-7. *+&-+*, 49&$--7. ?( #$14, K(1) & @0$6$30*+ & + /(1+*(-&& .1&30+%C9&*+84 1433'+84 *+&-30*4 2+%-+, 2+9$/7 -(/ 3&%:-78
& '+*(1-78 *1(<+8 -(J$<+ @0$6$30*(…»63.
P%) 0+<+ 60+97 */+.-+*&0: *+&-+*, 2$183'&, $2&3'+2 S-/1+-&' *146&%
101 ;$183'+84 2+%'4 '(' 3*)07-C +/-4 &? .+14<*$, (-( +/-+, 30+1+-$ &?+91(B$- G2(3, ( -( /14<+, – #*$/$-&$ *+ .1(8 +B:$, F(0$1&), -(2&3(--4C
* 2$1*+, 2+%+*&-$ XVII *., * 6$30: F&.(&%( Q&'&0&6( =+8(-+*(, /)/& D(1)
F&.(&%( T$/+1+*&6(, 2+<49%$--+<+ +1&3+8 E+/4-+*78 * Q71+9$ (X$1/7-58
D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& !"#$%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1915 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442. 3. 2720. S. 38.
F#.: ?4-%&/ ?.?. E$-)"&4 !"#$%)' !<,"1&& . XIX – /,2,5! XXI .!%,: 8)"#0 & #!-)+0
7!"%)./)' +!4-!56/)$-&, ()$*+,"$-.!//)-7!"%)./0! )-/)N!/&4: +&$. … %,/+. &$-. /,*% / !"#.
()$. */--. !"#6, 2005. F. 161.
60
F#.: ?$!<)++,/!'N&' )-2!- );!"-<")%*")", F..F&/)+, <) .!+)#$-.* <",.)$5,./)() &$<).!+,/&4 9, 1914 ()+. (., 1916. F. 36, 49; GIEJ. K. 797. D<. 97. 3. 483. S. 71.
61
F!/&/ J.F. J"#!'$%)! +*1).!/$-.) G)$$&& . !".*> #&").*> .)'/* // ?)<")$0 &$-)"&&.
1990. M 10. F. 161.
62
F#.: D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& !"#$%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1915 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442. 3. 2720.
S. 14.
63
F#. -,# :!.
59
72
3'&, 4$?/). K(1: Q&'+%(, II +/+91&% >0+0 J(<. 7%+ -(2&3(-+ 2+3%(-&$ &82$1(0+14, ( .+14<*:-30)< 21$21+*+B/(%3) * K(13'4C G0(*'464. P%) +1<(-&?(D&& 2+$?/'& 2$183'+, /$%$<(D&& -( (4/&$-D&C 3 Q&'+%($8 II 97% 3+?/(+3+97, '+8&0$0 2+ &-&D&(0&*$ $2&3'+2( S-/1+-&'( * 3+30(*$ 18 6%$-+* –
21$/30(*&0$%$, 21(*&0$%:30*$--7. 461$B/$-&,, 8$30-+<+ <+1+/3'+<+ 3(8+421(*%$-&), <49$1-3'+<+ & 4$?/-+<+ ?$830*(, /4.+*$-30*(, '42$6$30*( & <1(B/(- <. ;$18&65. # *+3'1$3-7, 3+%-$6-7, /$-: 3 &C%) 1916 <. -( G+9+1-+,
2%+5(/& 21+&?+J%+ 0+1B$30*$--+$ +3*$5$-&$ .+14<*&-30)<(. ;$1$/ 8+%$9-+8 $2&3'+2 S-/1+-&' +91(0&%3) 3 1$6:C. G+30+)%3) 2(1(/ *+,3', '+0+17,
21&-&8(% '+8(-/&1+*(--7, &? 30(*'& #$1.+*-+<+ E%(*-+'+8(-/4C5$<+ <$-$1(% +0 &-A(-0$1&& S/%$19$1<, 21&34030*+*(%& <49$1-(0+1 F.S. Y+?&-(Y+?&-3'&,, 21$/3$/(0$%: <49$1-3'+, ?$83'+, 421(*7 L.P. !(%4<&- & /1.66
# $2(1.&(%:-7. +06$0(. ?( 1914 <. +08$6(%3) 2+*3$8$30-7, 1$%&<&+?-7, >-04?&(?8 * 1433'+8 -(1+/$. # +06$0$ ?( 1914 <. $'(0$1&-941<3'&, $2&3'+2 G$1(A&8 2&3(%: «=+?-: & 2(10&,-7$ 36$07 ?(9707, 2+3%$ -$/(*-&.
3840 1433'&, -(1+/ '(' 97 *2$1*7$ 21+?1$% & 2+-)%, '('&8& /+1+<&8& 3+'1+*&5(8& +- *%(/$$0 * *$1$ 21(*+3%(*-+,, * 3*+$8 G(8+/$1B(*-+8 K(1$
& $<+ /$1B(*-7. 2+8+5-&'+* & -('+-$D * ?(*$5(--+, +0 21$/'+* 1433'+,
?$8%$. Q( >0&. 30(1+1433'&. -(6(%(. 0$2$1: & +9O$/&-&%3) 1433'&, -(1+/,
'(' +/&- 6$%+*$', & <+1&0 +/-&8 B$%(-&$8 3%+8&0: 42+1-+<+ & '+*(1-+<+
*1(<( & 3 6$30:C *72+%-&0: *$%&'4C 8&33&C *+/*+1$-&) * %C/). 8&1(
& 9%(<+*+%$-&)»67. @- B$ * 1915 <. 3 +20&8&?8+8 40*$1B/(%: «G+30+)-&$ 9%(<+6$30&) * -(1+/$ *+?*7J($03)»68. # 3*+&. +06$0(. $'(0$1&-941<3'+84 $2&3'+24 G$1(A&84 9%(<+6&--7$ -( '+-'1$0-7. 21&8$1(. &%%C301&1+*(%& 1+30
9%(<+6$30&)69. M+%:'+ +06$0 9%(<+6&--+<+ <1(/+-L'(0$1&-941<3'&. D$1'*$,
'(' 97 *72(/(% &? +95$, 8(337. @- * 3*+$8 +06$0$ +08$6(%: «R(B&0+6-7,
& &-0$%%&<$-0-7, '%(33 -(3$%$-&) * J41J(-&& '1$/&0-+, 948(<& ?(<%4J($0
* 3$9$ & 1$%&<&C & 2(01&+0&?8. <…> @1<(-&?4$87$ 39+17 & 2+B$10*+*(-&)
-(6&-(C0 3+'1(5(0:3), +95$30*+ 8$-$$ +0?7*6&*+ +0-+3&03) ' *+?-&'(C5&8
2+01$9-+30)8 & -4B/(8 *+$--+<+ *1$8$-&. I*$3$%&0$%:-7$ 8$30( -(+9+1+0
-(6&-(C0 1(9+0(0: +B&*%$--$$»70.
M+0 B$ 3(87, 2+/O$8 1$%&<&+?-+30& * +95$30*$ * <+/7 *+,-7 +08$6($0
& 2$183'&, $2&3'+2 S-/1+-&'. @/-('+ & 4 -$<+ /*+,30*$--+$ +545$-&$ +0
23&.+%+<&6$3'+, (08+3A$17 0+<+ *1$8$-&: «Q( *+?*7J$-&$ 1$%&<&+?-+30&
64
F#.: 3," :&-!5!' !"#$%)() %",4 101-#* !"#$%)#* <)5%*. !"#6, 1916. F. 1–8.
F#. -,# :!. F. 5–6.
66
F#. -,# :!. F. 8–9.
67
D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& R%,-!"&/;*"($%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1914 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442.
3. 2636. S. 26.
68
F#.: D-2!- ) $)$-)4/&& R%,-!"&/;*"($%)' !<,"1&& 9, 1915 ()+ // GIEJ. K. 796. D<. 442.
3. 2699. S. 27.
69
F#. -,# :!. S. 27–33.
70
F#. -,# :!. S. 30.
65
73
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