Документ 2281035

504.054+574.23
ȼɚɫɢɥɢɣ Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɢɱ əɪɦɢɲɤɨ,
,
,
.
vasiliyarmishko@yandex.ru
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ɂɪɢɧɚ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɧɚ Ʌɹɧɝɭɡɨɜɚ
,
irina@lya.spb.ru
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ
Ȼɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɢɦ. ȼ.Ʌ. Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ
ɆɇɈȽɈɅȿɌɇəə ȾɂɇȺɆɂɄȺ ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɈȼ
ɂ ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂə ɏȼɈɂ PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.
ȼ ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɏ ȺɗɊɈɌȿɏɇɈȽȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɁȺȽɊəɁɇȿɇɂə
ɇȺ ȿȼɊɈɉȿɃɋɄɈɆ ɋȿȼȿɊȿ
Ʉɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜ, ɚɷɪɨɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, ɫɨɫɧɚ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɚɹ, ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɯɜɨɢ, ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ.
Kola peninsula, air-technogenic pollution, Pinus sylvestris, parameters of
needles, heavy metals.
,
,
,
.
-
,
,
.
III–IV
[1, 18, 25–27],
10–12
[23–26].
6–9,
,
30
[12, 19, 23, 25,
26, 28].
[4, 8,
12, 16, 25, 26, 28].
–
,
[2, 3, 5, 11, 13, 14, 21].
,
,
-
,
-
[7, 20, 22].
(
)
,
,
.
-
,
,
(
),
,
.
-
[5, 13, 17].
,
,
,
,
,
-
(
,
.),
,
–
.
Pinus sylvestris L.,
.
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ.
.
32° 48' . .),
«
»,
(
1939 . [15].
:
67° 55' .
,
SO2
16
.
1973
.
230
.
Ni
Cu,
1993
-
,
,
1999
.,
-
1992
. (
. 1).
31
,
.
3–6,
1999
2006
.
40
5,2
.
.
,
(2007–2009
35
4,7
.)
. ,
–
. [6].
1981
2008
.
-
,
:
0,1–0,15
*
,
.
.
-
-
. 1.
,
,
.
[26]:
0 –
–
1–
–
5 %;
,
–
(
)
-
,
10 %
2–
;
–
-
25 %
(
(
3 –
8–10
–
;
4 –
51
*
,
,
;
–
),
-
,
,
),
50 %
–
,
32
-
75 %
,
,
;
[29].
-
ɚ)
ы . /
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1968
1973
1978
1983
1988
1993
1998
2003
2008
ɛ)
ы . /
25
20
15
10
5
0
1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
ы
щ
Ni
Cu
Ɋɢɫ. 1.
(ɚ),
,
(ɛ)
33
1
Ʉɪɚɬɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɞɪɟɜɨɫɬɨɟɜ ɥɢɲɚɣɧɢɤɨɜɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɨɦɨɲɧɵɯ
ɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɧɚ Ʉɨɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ (
1981–1982 .)
-
,
,
,
,
,
./
,
2
/
65
10
3,5
4,5
30
474
53
0,8
0,1
75
9 1
8,6
12,3
50
767
15
8,7
0,1
80
10
8,4
6,9
50
244
15
0,9
0,1
30
10
7,2
7,6
50
1852
170
8,1
1,0
30
10
6,0
7,0
40
1975
25
5,5
0,1
12
10
4,2
5,1
40
1790
0
3,9
0,0
8
10
4,2
5,6
40
600
120
1,4
0,2
5–
75 %,
–
–
.
-
Pinus sylvestris.
450 ° ,
HCl
Ni
.
Cu
.
-
-
.
.
.
34
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ.
2008 .)
(F = 4,39, p = 0,017)
28,7 ± 0,7,
32,0 ± 0,8,
29,7 ± 0,8
.
22,3
39,8
,
:
:
1979
–
1993
(1981–
.
(
1987
. 2).
2004
.,
(r = 0,46, p > 0,05),
(r = 0,42 0,56, p > 0,05).
2006 .,
– 1987
-
42
40
38
,
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
1
14
23
86
И
129
,
.
132
Mean
±SE
±1,96*SE
.
Ɋɢɫ. 2.
(
2008 .)
35
(
,
,
p < 0,05).
)
(r = 0,80,
,
,
(
-
. 3) [25, 26, 28].
-
,
(
(
. 2).
5 %)
,
/
.
5%
20 %
,
,
-
,
.
66 %
,
-
30 %
,
5%
(
. 2) [26, 28].
: 50 %
,
10 %
6
;
(2–3 %)
.
(93–98 %)
P. sylvestris
(
. 2).
,
1–5 %
(6 %)
1–3-
2008 .
,
-
.
78 %,
,
-
15 %.
1988 .
25 %
,
,
(
50 %
. 2).
-
.
,
(
36
3–5
)
,
.
ɚ)
50
,
40
30
20
10
0
1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1993 1995 2001 2003 2005 2007
ɛ)
50
,
40
30
20
10
0
1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1993 1995 2001 2003 2005 2007
Ɋɢɫ. 3.
(ɚ)
(ɛ)
37
2
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɯɜɨɢ Pinus sylvestris
ɩɨ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɭ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
-
,%
,%
38
<1
100
98
100
95
98
96
96
91
1–5
–
–
–
5
2
2
4
7
6–10
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
11–25
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
26–50
–
1
–
–
–
2
–
–
51–75
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
> 76
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
<1
66
98
17
93
10
94
–
78
1–5
31
1
56
6
56
6
10
–
6–10
3
–
17
–
16
–
50
18
11–25
–
–
9
–
16
–
32
–
26–50
–
1
1
–
2
–
8
2
51–75
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
> 76
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
. 2
-
,%
,%
<1
25
74
–
55
–
12
–
3
1–5
37
23
6
27
–
49
–
52
6–10
17
3
21
13
27
32
–
34
11–25
12
–
38
5
36
7
–
3
26–50
9
–
19
–
20
–
–
2
51–75
–
–
3
–
7
–
–
3
> 76
–
–
13
–
10
–
–
3
.
–
1988 .,
–
2008 .
.
8–10
.
2008 .
,
.
10 % (
,
4-
.
3%
5 %.
75 %
. 2).
26 %,
-
,
,
(3 %
-
)
.
5,7
6,7
(
. 4),
-
[23, 24].
39
Ɋɢɫ. 4.
Pinus sylvestris,
,
1982 .
(3,8 ± 0,3
,
(
),
,
. 4).
,
,
-
1990 .,
,
-
«
»(
. 1).
2005 2008
( 6,1–6,4
.
)
(
XXI . (
. 1).
. 4).
-
,
,
,
,
Pinus sylvestris.
1982 1987
-
.,
,
(
1990 .
(2,3 ± 0,1
,
40
. 4).
),
-
.
2005
2008
.
(
4,5 ± 0,1
.
,
,
. 4).
,
-
.
(1981–2008
.)
Ni
Pinus sylvestris
4,7 ± 0,3 4,4 ± 0,2 /
(
Cu
),
.
Ni 2,5–9,0,
Cu – 2,8–7,5 /
4,3–8,7
40,9 ± 3,2 (Ni)
-
,
(
. 5).
18,9 ± 0,9 (Cu)
/
.
-
1,5–2,5
.
Ni
,
34
Cu
160 ± 24
79,5 ± 9,5
/
18
.
260
170
/
(
. 5),
7,8–12,2
-
.
,
(r = 0,87–0,94, p < 0,05).
1981–2008
.
-
,
3
,
,
[10].
,
,
-
.
41
300
250
,
/
200
150
100
50
0
1981 1984 1988 1997 2005 2008 1981 1984 1988 1997 2005 2008 1981 1984 1988 1997 2005 2008
Ф
ы
Б
И
Ni
Cu
Ɋɢɫ. 5.
Pinus sylvestris
,
(
,
,
-
)
(Ni, Cu)
.
[r = –(0,61–0,91), p < 0,05]
(
,
-
)
,
.
[r = –(0,90–0,96), p < 0,05]
-
,
,
.
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
30-
,
,
.
42
III–IV
-
1.
:
6,3
-
,
,
22 %.
-
(Ni, Cu)
.
2–9
,
-
2.
4,5 ± 0,1
,
70 %
;
,
.
,
8–12
,
.
,
.
3.
(
,
,
)
-
,
.
4.
Pinus syl-
vestris
.
(97-04-49617,
04-04-49525, 06-04-48902)
01-04-49814, 03-04-49617,
«
».
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜ, ȼ.Ⱥ.
[
] /
2. Ȼɚɪɚɯɬɟɧɨɜɚ, Ʌ.Ⱥ.
.… -
.
. .
.–
/ . .
//
, 1982. – . 97–115.
.–
[
] :
, 1993. – 34 .
.
43
3. Ȼɚɪɚɯɬɟɧɨɜɚ, Ʌ.Ⱥ.
]/ . .
, . .
4. ȼɥɚɫɟɧɤɨ, ȼ.ɗ.
[
. .
, . .
5. ɀɢɪɨɜ, ȼ.Ʉ.
. .
, . .
.–
, 1988. – 86 .
,
[
] /
. .
. – 1995. – № 3. – . 193–196.
//
, . .
.–
[
] / . .
, 2007. – 166 .
.:
,
6.
«
» 2009 . [
]. –
:
7. Ʉɪɚɜɤɢɧɚ, ɂ.Ɇ.
]/ . .
//
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[
]/ . .
, 1996. – . 1–2.
9. Ʌɭɤɢɧɚ, ɇ.ȼ.
[
] / . .
, 1998. – 316 .
10. Ʌɹɧɝɭɡɨɜɚ, ɂ.ȼ.
[
, 2010. – 178 .
. – 1991. – . 76, № 1. – . 3–9.
, . .
.–
:
.
,
. .
. –
:
-
[
] / . .
//
.–
.:
, 2009. – . 25–58.
11. Ɇɚɥɶɯɨɬɪɚ, ɋ.ɋ.
[
]/ . .
. – .:
12. Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɚ, Ɍ.Ⱥ.
, . .
//
, 1989.
[
. .
[
[
44
, . .
,
, 2006. – 134 .
13. ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ, ȼ.ɋ.
]/ . .
.–
14. ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ, ȼ.ɋ.
[
]/ . .
15. ɉɨɡɧɹɤɨɜ, ȼ.ə.
, 1999. – 432 .
16. Ɋɹɡɚɧɰɟɜɚ, Ʌ.Ⱥ.
]/ . .
, . .
. – 1999. – № 2. – . 22–27.
. .
.–
:
:
] /
-
, 1979. – 278 .
.–
[
., 1989. – 65 .
]/ . .
.–
.:
-
, . .
, . .
//
-
17. ɋɟɪɝɟɣɱɢɤ, ɋ.Ⱥ.
[
] / . .
.–
:
.
, 1998. – 199 .
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[
] /
. .
//
.–
, 1993. –
. 37, . 1. –
19. Ɍɨɪɥɨɩɨɜɚ, ɇ.ȼ.
. .
, . .
.–
20. Ɏɟɞɨɪɤɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ʌ.
. .
. .
//
21. Ɏɭɤɫɦɚɧ, ɂ.Ʌ.
.–
22. Ɏɭɤɫɦɚɧ, ɂ.Ʌ.
,
. .
,
. .
,
:
.
. .
-
. .
.
,
-
. 62–70.
[
, 2003. – 146 .
:
[
] /
[
] /
. – 2002. – № 1. – . 70–72.
:
, 2002. – 164 .
[
. .
]/
, .
, . .
. – 1997. – № 3. – . 213–217.
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, . .
, . .
,
[
. .
//
, 1991. – . 125–136.
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[
]/ . .
. – 1985. – № 1. – . 32–39.
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. .
//
. – .:
26. əɪɦɢɲɤɨ, ȼ.Ɍ.
[
]/ . .
.–
210 .
27. əɪɦɢɲɤɨ, ȼ.Ɍ.
, . .
] /
//
] /
. –
-
//
[
] /
-
, 1990. – . 55–64.
, 1997. –
.:
[
.–
] /
.:
. .
//
, 2005. – . 28–57.
(Pinus sylvestris L.)
[
] /
28. əɪɦɢɲɤɨ, ȼ.Ɍ.
//
. .
.–
.:
, 2009. – . 58–73.
29. Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS) SCOPE Report 3
[Text]. – Canada, 1973. – 74 p.
45
30-
III–IV
.
,
,
(
,
,
)
,
.
***
Almost 30-years monitoring of pine forests of III–IV age classes on Kola
Peninsula under various regimen of air industrial pollution showed that the
improvement of vital state of needle and decreasing value of heavy metals in it are
exclusively conditioned by sharp decreasing of the level of air pollution, since
increasing level of soil pollution is continued. Morphometric indices (length, width,
thickness) of needle of various ages and its mass are closely interrelated, but any
correlation of these features with the level of pollution on habitant and accumulation
of heavy metals in it is absent.
46