техніка й технологія застосування підривних робіт на денній

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E-mail: fva666@goi.kolasc.net.ru
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E-mail: Mikhail.Togunov@eurochem.ru, Sergey.Semkin@eurochem.ru,
Yury.Shitov@eurochem.ru
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In article the basic stages of the researches executed within the limits of realization
of the project of deepening of the basic open-cast mine «Iron» Open Society
«Kovdorsky GOK» are stated. The basic results reached in the field of contour
blasting, in the field of explosive crushing of rocks, in the field of seismic action of
mass explosions are shown.
Key words: open-cast mine, mass explosion, hole charges, velocity of detonation,
seismic action of explosion.
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#8 >9:>H= <=@6ENC8C>H, J>E67=::TD H J<>I=99= HTJ>E:=:GP G@O=<=:GR
9K><>9CG L=C>:8IGG, <8@<8A>C8:8 :>H8P O=C>LGK8 >A<8A>CKG L8::TD,
-6789:; <=96<9>=:=<?>@A=<;?8B7; C=D:>E>?;F ?;<:G7>?> HG<>A:GICH8. /GJ69K 1/2010(5).
79
!"#$%& ' !"#()(*$+ ,&- (-./&##+ 0$123/#3" 2(4$ #& 1!##$'
0(/!2"#$ ' . 0$1,!5#3" .5(/&"
G9KEB78BW8P X8KC>< 96A[=KCGH:>?> 8:8EG@8 G@O=<=:GR G >A=9J=7GH8BW=R
O8K9GO8EN:6B 9C=J=:N L>9C>H=<:>9CG J>E678=OTD >I=:>K, 8 C8KM= <8@<8A>C8:8
O=C>LGK8 >I=:KG K87=9CH8 UO6EN9G>::TD H@<TH78CTD H=W=9CH, >9:>H8::8P :8
L8::TD >J=<8CGH:TD G@O=<=:GR 9K><>9CG L=C>:8IGG 9KH8MG::TD @8<PL>H G
G9J>EN@>H8:GG O=C>L>H O8C=O8CG7=9K>R 9C8CG9CGKG [14, 15].
/TJ>E:=: A>ENS>R >A[YO 9=R9O>:8AEBL=:GR J<G J<>G@H>L9CH= O899>HTD
H@<TH>H 9 J<GO=:=:G=O 9KH8MG::TD @8<PL>H <8@:>?> LG8O=C<8. -=R9O>G@O=<=:GP
J<>H>LGEG9N 9 G9J>EN@>H8:G=O K>OJE=KC8 9=<CGXGIG<>H8::>R 8JJ8<8C6<T XG<OT
«Instantel» (%8:8L8), HKEB78BW=?> 8-K8:8EN:TR 9=R9O>G@O=<GC=EN «Minimate Plus»
(9=<GP III), 9C8:L8<C:T= C<=DK>OJ>:=:C:T= 9=R9O>J<G=O:GKG (ISEE H=<9GP,
<8A>7GR LG8J8@>: 789C>C 2 – 250 *I), OGK<>X>:T G 9>=LG:GC=EN:T= K8A=EG, 8
C8KM= 9J=IG8EG@G<>H8::>= J<>?<8OO:>= >A=9J=7=:G= «Blast ware advanced module»
LEP >A<8A>CKG J>E67=::TD 9=R9O>?<8OO.
#8 J=<H>O UC8J= 9=R9O>:8AEBL=:GR ATEG 69C8:>HE=:T <8@O=<T @>:
<8@6J<>7:=:GP CTEN:>R 789CG J><>L:>?> O899GH8 J<G H@<TH8:GG 69C6J>H
9KH8MG::TOG @8<PL8OG <8@:>?> LG8O=C<8 G <8@:>R ?E6AG:T (12 – 15 O). %8K
J>K8@8EG <=@6ENC8CT >JTC:>-J<>OTSE=::TD <8A>C [16], =9EG J<G H@<TH= H9=?>
AE>K8 J<GO=:PBC9P 9KH8MG::T= @8<PLT LG8O=C<>O 244.5 – 250.8 OO, C> <8@O=<
@>:T <8@6J<>7:=:GP 9>9C8HEP=C 29 – 30 O. / 9E678=, K>?L8 >9:>H:>R >A[=O AE>K8
H@<TH8=C9P 9KH8MG::TOG @8<PL8OG LG8O=C<>O 244.5 – 250.8, 8 J>9E=L:G= LH8-C<G
<PL8 – 9KH8MG::TOG @8<PL8OG 6O=:NS=::>?> (165.0 – 171.4 OO) LG8O=C<8, <8@O=<
@>:T <8@6J<>7:=:GP 9>9C8HEP=C 18 – 20 O. !9EG M= H=9N AE>K H@<TH8=C9P
9KH8MG::TOG @8<PL8OG 6O=:NS=::>?> LG8O=C<8 G J<G UC>O G9J>EN@6=C9P GD J>9KH8MG::>= G:GIGG<>H8:G=, <8@O=< @>:T <8@6J<>7:=:GP 9>9C8HEP=C H9=?> 9 – 10 O.
- 67=C>O J>E67=::TD <=@6ENC8C>H ATE8 <8@<8A>C8:8, 8J<>AG<>H8:8 G
<=K>O=:L>H8:8 LEP H:=L<=:GP H J<8KCGK6 :>H8P C=D:>E>?GP 4/2 J> O=<=
J<GAEGM=:GP AE>K>H K J<=L=EN:>O6 K>:C6<6 K8<N=<8, >9:>H8::8P :8 J<G:IGJ=
J>UC8J:>?> 6O=:NS=:GP H@<TH:>?> H>@L=R9CHGP :8 @8K>:C6<:TR O899GH: <8A>7GR
AE>K J<>=KC:>R SG<G:T >A6<GH8=C9P L>E>C8OG LG8O=C<>O 244.5 – 250.8 OO
(9D=OT G:GIGG<>H8:GP 9KH8MG::TD @8<PL>H LG8?>:8EN:T= 9 <8@EG7:TOG
K>UXXGIG=:C8OG 9AEGM=:GP 9KH8MG: G <8@EG7:TOG 6?E8OG :8KE>:8 LG8?>:8E=R K
EG:GG J=<H>?> <PL8 9KH8MG:); H J=<=D>L:>O AE>K= SG<G:>R 30 – 50 O A6<PC9P
9KH8MG:T LG8O=C<>O 244.5 – 250.8 OO, 8 H =?> J<GK>:C6<:>R 789CG SG<G:>R :=
O=:== 10 O – 9KH8MG:T LG8O=C<>O 165.0 – 171.4 OO (9D=OT G:GIGG<>H8:GP
LG8?>:8EN:T= 9 <8@EG7:TOG K>UXXGIG=:C8OG 9AEGM=:GP 9KH8MG: G <8@EG7:TOG
6?E8OG :8KE>:8 LG8?>:8E=R K EG:GG J=<H>?> <PL8 9KH8MG:); H J<GK>:C6<:>O
AE>K= SG<G:>R := A>E== 20 O A6<PC9P 9KH8MG:T LG8O=C<>O 165.0 – 171.4 OO
(G:GIGG<>H8:G= J>9KH8MG::>=). 0<G UC>O X><OG<>H8:G= K>:C6<:>R W=EG
I=E=9>>A<8@:> J<>G@H>LGCN >L:>H<=O=::> 9> H@<TH>O J=<=D>L:>?> AE>K8, EGA>
L> H@<TH8 J=<=D>L:>?> AE>K8.
#8 HC><>O UC8J= 9=R9O>:8AEBL=:GR ATEG HTPHE=:T >9>A=::>9CG <=8KIGG :8
LG:8OG7=9K>= H>@L=R9CHG= H=<D:GD (?<6:C>HTD G ?<6:C>H>-J><>L:TD) 69C6J>H
K8<N=<8, J>9C8HE=::TD H K>:=7:>= J>E>M=:G= J> <8:== 96W=9CH>H8HS=R
-6789:; <=96<9>=:=<?>@A=<;?8B7; C=D:>E>?;F ?;<:G7>?> HG<>A:GICH8. /GJ69K 1/2010(5).
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C=D:>E>?GG. / <=@6ENC8C= ATEG HTPHE=:T 6789CKG 9 J>HTS=::>R <=8KIG=R :8
LG:8OG7=9K>= :8?<6M=:G= G J<>PHE=:GPOG C=D:>E>?G7=9KG @:87GOTD ?<6:C>HTD
G ?<6:C>H>-J><>L:TD >9TJ=R. 0>9E= L=C8EN:>?> 8:8EG@8 J>E67=::TD L8::TD
ATEG 69C8:>HE=:T J<G7G:T C8K>R <=8KIGG (@:87GC=EN:8P >AH>L:Y::>9CN
6789CK8), <8@<8A>C8:T G <=8EG@>H8:T O=<>J<GPCGP J> H>L>>CH=L=:GB.
#8 C<=CN=O UC8J= 9=R9O>:8AEBL=:GR ATEG HTPHE=:T >9>A=::>9CG <=8KIGG
:8 LG:8OG7=9K>= H>@L=R9CHG= J><>L:TD 69C6J>H :8 9<=L:GD G :GM:GD 6789CK8D
A><C8 K8<N=<8. / <=@6ENC8C= ATE8 J>LCH=<ML=:8 I=E=9>>A<8@:>9CN
<8R>:G<>H8:GP K8<N=<8 J> 9C=J=:G 9=R9O>>J89:>9CG J<G J<>G@H>L9CH= O899>HTD
H@<TH>H, 8 C8KM= HTPHE=:8 H>@O>M:>9CN >I=:KG 9C<6KC6<:>?> ?=>E>?>-9C<6KC6<:>?> 9>9C>P:GP 69C6J>H J> <=@6ENC8C8O >J=<8CGH:TD 9=R9O>:8AEBL=:GR.
4TE8 C8KM= HTJ>E:=:8 >I=:K8 UXX=KCGH:>9CG (J> X8KC><6 9=R9OG7=9K>?>
L=R9CHGP O899>HTD H@<TH>H) UE=KC<>::TD L=C>:8C><>H HT9>K>R C>7:>9CG
G:GIGG<>H8:GP.
/ J=<G>L 9 19 J> 23 P:H8<P 2010 ?. H J<>G@H>L9CH=::TD 69E>HGPD <6L:GK8
«V=E=@:TR» (&( «%>HL><9KGR *(%» ATEG J<>H=L=:T J<GYO>7:T= G9JTC8:GP
UE=KC<>::>R 9G9C=OT G:GIGG<>H8:GP «I-konTM» J> . 7287-017-23308410-2008.
,8<PM8:G= 9KH8MG: G O>:C8M H@<TH:>R 9=CG J<>G@H>LGE9P 9 19 J> 23 P:H8<P.
5899>HTR H@<TH – 23 P:H8<P. / <8OK8D J<>?<8OOT G9JTC8:GR ATEG
>96W=9CHE=:T @8O=<T 6<>H:P 9=R9OG7=9KGD K>E=A8:GR >C O899>H>?> H@<TH8
LH6D AE>K>H G >C<=@:>R W=EG, LEP G:GIGG<>H8:GP 9KH8MG::TD @8<PL>H K>C><TD
G9J>EN@>H8EG9N UE=KC<>::T= L=C>:8C><T (XG<OT «Orica»). ->J>9C8HE=:G=
<=@6ENC8C>H 9=R9O>G@O=<=:GR, J>E67=::TD 23 P:H8<P, 9 <=@6ENC8C8OG
9=R9O>G@O=<=:GR, HTJ>E:=::TD <8:== (J<G G9J>EN@>H8:GG 9G9C=OT
:=UE=KC<G7=9K>?>
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9E=L6BW==:
96W=9CH=::>?> <8@EG7GP O=ML6 6<>H:=O 9=R9OG7=9K>?> L=R9CHGP O899>HTD
H@<TH>H J<G G9J>EN@>H8:GG UE=KC<>::>R 9G9C=OT G:GIGG<>H8:GP «I-konTM» G
J<G G9J>EN@>H8:GG :=UE=KC<G7=9K>R 9G9C=OT G:GIGG<>H8:GP «]K9UE» :=
>A:8<6M=:>.
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L>9C8C>7:> A>ENSG= (>C 42 O9 L> 109 O9) G:C=<H8ET @8O=LE=:GR,
>A=9J=7GH8BWG= J<G H@<TH8:GG 9KH8MG::TD @8<PL>H LG8O=C<>O 165.0 – 250.8
OO K87=9CH=::>= L<>AE=:G= J><>LT G X><OG<>H8:G= K>OJ8KC:>?> <8@H8E8
H@><H8::>R ?><:>R O899T, G:C=:9GH:>9CN 9=R9OG7=9K>?> L=R9CHGP O899>H>?>
H@<TH8 >J<=L=EP=C9P EGSN H=EG7G:>R @8<PL8 H 9KH8MG:8D G K>EG7=9CH>O
9KH8MG::TD @8<PL>H H K8ML>R 9C6J=:G @8O=LE=:GP, K>C><>= @8HG9GC C>ENK> >C
HTA<8::>R 9D=OT O>:C8M8 H@<TH:>R 9=CG G := @8HG9GC >C G9J>EN@6=O>R 9G9C=OT
G:GIGG<>H8:GP.
0<G:GO8P H> H:GO8:G= L>J69CGOT= >CKE>:=:GP H<=O=:G 9<8A8CTH8:GP
L=C>:8C><>H
:=UE=KC<G7=9K>R
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(H:6C<G9KH8MG::T= %1 ]K9UE U-475 ±9 O9=K., J>H=<D:>9C:T= 9>=LG:GC=EN:T=
AE>KG ]K9UE %>::=KC=L !-67 ±6 O9=K., !-109 ±7 O9=K.), O>M:> 9 A>ENS>R L>E=R
6H=<=::>9CG 6CH=<ML8CN, 7C> L8M= H J<=L=E8D >L:>R 9C6J=:G @8O=LE=:GP
-6789:; <=96<9>=:=<?>@A=<;?8B7; C=D:>E>?;F ?;<:G7>?> HG<>A:GICH8. /GJ69K 1/2010(5).
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(J69CN L8M= 9 :=A>ENS>R <8@:GI=R H 2 – 3 O9, K>C><8P, >L:8K>, 9>J>9C8HGO8 9>
H<=O=:=O L=C>:8IGG K>E>:KG 9KH8MG::>?> @8<PL8 LEG:>R 10 – 15 O, 7C> G
J<GH>LGC K <8@L=E=:GB 9=R9OG7=9KGD GOJ6EN9>H >C K8ML>?> 9KH8MG::>?> @8<PL8
>L:>R 9C6J=:G @8O=LE=:GP). 0<G UC>O :8E>M=:GP 9>9=L:GD 9C6J=:=R @8O=LE=:GP
:= J<>G9D>LGC, 7C> >A=9J=7GH8=C @8L8::6B J>9E=L>H8C=EN:>9CN H@<TH8:GP
9KH8MG::TD @8<PL>H. 0>UC>O6 J<G 6K8@8::TD G:C=<H8E8D @8O=LE=:GP
:=>AD>LGO>9CN J<GO=:=:GP HT9>K>C>7:TD UE=KC<>::TD 9G9C=O G:GIGG<>H8:GP 9
I=ENB 9:GM=:GP G:C=:9GH:>9CG 9=R9OG7=9K>?> L=R9CHGP O899>HTD H@<TH>H
J<=L9C8HEP=C9P O8E>>A>9:>H8::>R. /O=9C= 9 C=O 9G9C=O8 «I-konTM», J>@H>EP=C
J<>H>LGCN K>:C<>EN I=E>9C:>9CG H@<TH:>R 9=CG G <8A>C>9J>9>A:>9CG
H:6C<G9KH8MG::TD L=C>:8C><>H J>9E= @8<PM8:GP 9KH8MG: HJE>CN L> O>O=:C8
H@<TH8. 0>UC>O6 9 C>7KG @<=:GP >A=9J=7=:GP A=@>CK8@:>9CG G A=@>J89:>9CG
H@<TH:TD <8A>C UE=KC<>::8P 9G9C=O8 G:GIGG<>H8:GP «I-konTM» PHEP=C9P :>H>R,
?><8@L> A>E== HT9>K>R 9C6J=:NB 6<>H:P A=@>J89:>9CG H@<TH:TD <8A>C H
9<8H:=:GG 9 :=UE=KC<G7=9KGOG 9G9C=O8OG G:GIGG<>H8:GP. (L:8K> J>H9=O=9C:>=
J<GO=:=:G= UC>R 9G9C=OT J<G J<>G@H>L9CH= O899>HTD H@<TH>H H K8<N=<8D H
:89C>PW== H<=OP >?<8:G7GH8=C9P =Y HT9>K>R I=:>R.
]XX=KCGH:>9CN J<GO=:=:GP UE=KC<>::TD 9<=L9CH G:GIGG<>H8:GP LEP I=E=R
K>:C6<:>?> H@<TH8:GP H :89C>PW== H<=OP G@678=C9P, 8 J>E67=::T= <=@6ENC8CT
A6L6C >J6AEGK>H8:T J>@M=.
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@8KEB78=C9P H J>E67=:GG :>HTD @:8:GR > @8K>:>O=<:>9CPD LG:8OG7=9K>?>
:8?<6M=:GP J<GA><C>H>R 789CG J><>L:>?> O899GH8 J<G J<>G@H>L9CH= O899>HTD
H@<TH>H H K8<N=<=, H HTPHE=:GG >9>A=::>9C=R <=8KIGG J><>L:>?> O899GH8 :8
C8K>= :8?<6M=:G=. #8 >9:>H= :867:TD <=@6ENC8C>H 9=R9O>:8AEBL=:GR
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L>9C>H=<:>9CG <=@6ENC8C>H 8:8EG@8 G 6<>H=:N :8LYM:>9CG J<>?:>@G<>H8:GP
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G >A>9:>H8: :>HTR G:X><O8CGH:TR J8<8O=C< >I=:KG G:C=:9GH:>9CG
LG:8OG7=9K>?> :8?<6M=:GP J><>L:>?> O899GH8 – H=EG7G:8 6L=EN:>?> (J>
>A[YO6) U:=<?>:89TW=:GP, :8K>JE=::>?> @8 H<=OP <=8EG@8IGG O899>H>?> H@<TH8
[17]. ]C>C J8<8O=C<, 67GCTH8BWGR >AW6B J<>L>EMGC=EN:>9CN O899>H>?>
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K>E=A8:GR, <=8EG@6=O>R H X><O= :=>A<8CGOTD J<>I=99>H (<8@6J<>7:=:G=
J><>L:>?> O899GH8), 8 C8KM= HTPHGCN J<G><GC=C:>= :8J<8HE=:G= LG:8OG7=9K>?>
:8?<6M=:GP 69C6J>H H C=D GEG G:TD 69E>HGPD.
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9>HO=9C:TOG 69GEGPOG H=L6WGD 9J=IG8EG9C>H (&( «%>HL><9KGR *(%» G
*><:>?> G:9CGC6C8 %#Z 2&#, J>LCH=<LGE H>@O>M:>9CN J<8KCG7=9K>R
<=8EG@8IGG K>:I=JIGG @:87GC=EN:>?> 6?E6AE=:GP K8<N=<8 @8 97YC 6K<67=:GP =?>
A><C>H J6CYO X><OG<>H8:GP H K>:=7:>O J>E>M=:GG 9LH>=::TD 69C6J>H 9
-6789:; <=96<9>=:=<?>@A=<;?8B7; C=D:>E>?;F ?;<:G7>?> HG<>A:GICH8. /GJ69K 1/2010(5).
82
!"#$%& ' !"#()(*$+ ,&- (-./&##+ 0$123/#3" 2(4$ #& 1!##$'
0(/!2"#$ ' . 0$1,!5#3" .5(/&"
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9>9C8H:>R 789CNB H C=D:>E>?G7=9KGR <=?E8O=:C, :8 >9:>H8:GG K>C><>?>
G:9CGC6C6 «*GJ<><6L8» ATE> HTL8:> 9>?E89>H8::>= 9 *>9?><C=D:8L@><>O
@8L8:G= :8 <8@<8A>CK6 J<>=KC8 «2=K>:9C<6KIGP K8<N=<8 9 I=ENB J>LL=<M8:GP
O>W:>9CG %>HL><9K>?> *(%8, 6H=EG7=:GP ?E6AG:T G J=<G>L8 >CK<TC>R
<8@<8A>CKG :8 >9:>H= 6K<67=:GP J>9C>P::TD A><C>H». / 9>>CH=C9CHGG 9 UCGO
J<>=KC>O J<=LJ>E8?8=C9P >C<8A>CK8 K8<N=<8 L> >CO=CKG «-650 O». %<>O= C>?>,
<=@6ENC8CT 9>HO=9C:TD G99E=L>H8:GR H >AE89CG 4/2 J>9E6MGEG >9:>H8:G=O LEP
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J><PL>K G CGJ>HT= 9D=OT H@<TH:>R J>L?>C>HKG AE>K>H H J<GK>:C6<:>R @>:=
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><?8:G@8IGG G J<>G@H>L9CH8 A6<>HTD, H@<TH:TD G UK9K8H8C><:TD <8A>C, J><PL>K
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2>9C=D:8L@><8 G HH=L=:8 H L=R9CHG=.
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>J6AEGK>H8:> A>E== 20 <8A>C, H C>O 7G9E= LH= O>:>?<8XGG [18, 19].
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