Влияние тропических циклонов на ионосферу и атмосферу в

ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɜ
ɰɟɥɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
Ʌ.Ȼ. ȼɚɧɢɧɚ-Ⱦɚɪɬ, ȿ.Ⱥ. ɒɚɪɤɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ
117997 Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɭɥ. ɉɪɨɮɫɨɸɡɧɚɹ, 84/32
E-mail: vandart@iki.rssi.ru; easharkov@iki.rssi.ru
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɧɭɸ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɚɯ
ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɬɵɫɹɱɚɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ. ɗɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɡɚɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɣ-ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ. Ɍɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɧ, ɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ – ɫɭɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɲɢɪɨɬɧɨɝɨ
ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɗɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɚ, ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɧ, ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɸɸ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɭ (50-90 ɤɦ)
ɭɠɟ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [1, 2]. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɚ–
ɫɬɪɚɬɨɦɟɡɨɫɮɟɪɚ–ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɚ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɛɵɥɚ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ. ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ
ɫɥɨɟɜ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ Ɂɟɦɥɢ, ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ –
ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɣ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [1] ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɦɟɡɨɫɮɟɪɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɤɚɤ
ɨɠɢɞɚɥɨɫɶ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɸɸ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɭ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɤɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ
ɐȺɈ [1] ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ (ɪɚɤɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧ Ɍɭɦɛɚ,
ɂɧɞɢɹ (8°N, 77°E)) ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɥɨɹ D ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ D ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɨɤɨɥɨ 1000 ɤɦ (ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ) ɨɬ ɹɞɪɚ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ ɜ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ Ⱥɪɚɜɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɜ 3-4 ɪɚɡɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 71±3 ɤɦ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ
ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɩɚɭɡɵ ɨɤɨɥɨ 3°ɋ.
ȼ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɥɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɢ ɪɟɲɢɥɢ
ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɤɟɬɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚ ɞɜɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɢ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɞɥɹ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɜ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɹɯ,
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɪɚɤɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ). ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɝɟɥɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ
ɧɢɠɧɸɸ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɜ ɞɧɢ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɧɢɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɤɟɬɧɨɝɨ
ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɪɚɤɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧ Ɍɭɦɛɚ) ɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɢ Ɍɢɯɨɦ ɨɤɟɚɧɚɯ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 19791989 ɝɝ. ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ
ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɢ ɝɟɥɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
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Ȼɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɤɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɢɟɣ (ɐȺɈ) Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɟ ɪɚɤɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɭɦɛɚ
(80 N, 770 E). ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ
[3]. Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɐȺɈ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɚɧɤ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ [e] ɧɚ
ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɤɟɬɚɯ Ɇ-100Ȼ ɡɨɧɞɨɜɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɚ Ʌɟɧɝɦɸɪɚ. Ɂɨɧɞ ɛɵɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɬɨɪɰɟ
ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɲɩɢɥɹ ɪɚɤɟɬɵ, ɡɚɳɢɳɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ
ɫɚɦɨɣ ɪɚɤɟɬɵ.
ȿɦɭ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɫ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɮɚɪɚɞɟɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ (ɛɚɧɤ ɐȺɈ) ~ 35%. ɉɪɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɦ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɚ
ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɤɟɬɚɯ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɡɨɧɞɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɟɬɪɚ.
ɋɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɚ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ D ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨ
ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ [4]. Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɨɧɢɡɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ D ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɢɧɢɢ Ʌɚɣɦɚɧ-Į ɢ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɞɥɢɧ ɜɨɥɧ 111,8 – 102,7 ɧɦ. Ɉɬ
ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɤ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɭ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɢɧɢɢ Ʌɚɣɦɚɧ-Į
(ɢɨɧɢɡɭɸɳɟɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ NO ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ D) ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 1,7 ɪɚɡɚ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɞɥɢɧ ɜɨɥɧ 111,8 – 102,7 ɧɦ (ɢɨɧɢɡɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ Ɉ2(14g)) ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ D
ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ 1,2 -100 ɧɦ (ɢɨɧɢɡɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɫɟ
ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ), ɜɧɨɫɹɳɢɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ D, ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɜ 7 ɪɚɡ. ȼɨ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɠɟ ɪɚɡ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɤɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɜ
ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɟ: ɷɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɸɸ
ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɭ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ [4] ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɋɨɥɧɰɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ D ɜ ɱɢɫɬɨɦ
ɜɢɞɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɨ ɩɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɬɚɦ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɡɢɦɧɹɹ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɹ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [4], ɦɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦ ɛɚɧɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɐȺɈ. Ȼɭɞɟɬ ɭɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ [4], ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɝɟɥɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 54 ɤɦ, ɯɨɬɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɥɨ,
ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ
ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ [e] ɨɬ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ (F-ɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ, ɩɨɬɨɤ ɪɚɞɢɨɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɋɨɥɧɰɚ ɧɚ 10,7 ɫɦ ɢ R – ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɹɬɟɧ) ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɜɵɲɟ 60 ɤɦ ɢ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ 80 ɤɦ ɨɧɢ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɢ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɭɬ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɦɫɹ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɵ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ [e] ɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɝɟɥɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɧɢ ɫ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ Ɍɐ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɧɢɯ.
ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɝɟɥɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1ɚ-1ɞ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ h (60, 65,70,75,80 ɤɦ) ɢ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ F ɜ ɞɧɢ ɫ
Ɍɐ ɢ ɛɟɡ Ɍɐ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚ 1985 ɢ 1988 ɝɝ. [2]. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2ɚ-2ɞ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨ ɡɚ ɜɫɟ 1979-1989 ɝɝ. ɇɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ
ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ [e] ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ F ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ «ɛɟɡ Ɍɐ» (ɫɩɥɨɲɧɚɹ
270 ɥɢɧɢɹ) ɢ «ɫ Ɍɐ» (ɩɭɧɤɬɢɪɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ). ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛ [e], ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ F<175 [2].
ɛ
ɚ
ɜ
ɝ
ɞ
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɧɢ ɫ Ɍɐ (ɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɢ) ɢ ɛɟɡ Ɍɐ
ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ 1985 ɢ 1988 ɝɝ.
271
ɚ
ɛ
ɜ
ɝ
ɞ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɧɢ ɫ Ɍɐ (ɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɢ) ɢ ɛɟɡ Ɍɐ
ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ 1979-1989 ɝɝ.
ȼ ɬɚɛɥ. 1 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ
(ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɚ 95%) ɦɟɠɞɭ [e] ɢ F ɜ ɞɧɢ ɫ Ɍɐ, ɝɞɟ Rtc([e],F) –ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
272 ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ 1985 ɢ 1988 ɝɝ., ɚ Rtc([e],F) – ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɦɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ 65-80 ɤɦ ɜ ɞɧɢ ɫ Ɍɐ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ [e] ɫ F, ɯɨɬɹ ɫɚɦɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɭɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ. ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ Ɍɐ, ɬɨ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ: ɟɫɥɢ ɛɪɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚ ɞɜɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɫ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɟɥɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɪɚɡɧɢɰɟɣ, ɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ 63, 68, 75, 77 ɢ 80 ɤɦ [4] ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ [e] ɢ F ɛɵɥɚ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ; ɟɫɥɢ ɛɪɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ, ɬɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ D (h=80 ɤɦ).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ,
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ H ɢ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ F ɜ ɞɧɢ ɫ
Ɍɐ ɡɚ 1985 ɢ 1988 ɝɝ, (ɢ ɡɚ Rtc([e],F)) ɜɫɟ 1978-1989 ɝɝ.( Rtc([e],F))
H, km
65
70
75
80
Rtc([e],F)
0.44
0.64
0.69
0.58
Rtc([e],F)
0.32
0.49
0.48
0.56
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
ɂɬɚɤ, ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ (ɧɟ ɡɚɛɟɝɚɹ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ) ɦɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɦɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɢ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɦ. ȼ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ D (ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ) ɜ ɞɧɢ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɦ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ). ȼ ɞɧɢ
ɛɟɡ Ɍɐ ɷɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɬɭɲɟɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ: ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ȽɄɅ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɫɤɨɪɟ «ɩɪɨɥɶɟɬ ɫɜɟɬ» ɧɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ
ɡɧɚɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ D ɨɬ ɝɟɥɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. ȼɚɧɢɧɚ-Ⱦɚɪɬ Ʌ.Ȼ., ɉɨɤɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɂ.ȼ., ɒɚɪɤɨɜ ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ // Ƚɟɨɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɡɦ ɢ ɚɷɪɨɧɨɦɢɹ, 2008. Ɍ. 47.
ʋ 2. C. 255–260.
2. ȼɚɧɢɧɚ-Ⱦɚɪɬ Ʌ.Ȼ., ɒɚɪɤɨɜ ȿ.Ⱥ., ɉɨɤɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɂ.ȼ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ
ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ//
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ, 2007. ʋ 2. C. 3–10.
3. Sinelnikov V.M., Lvova G.P., Gulyaeva T.L., Pakhomov S.V., Glotov A.P., A rocket radio
beacon experiment on the electron density profile measurement in the bottom side of the
ionosphere// Proc.Satellite Beacon Simp. Warszawa. Poland. 1980. P. 453.
4. Ʉɧɹɡɟɜ Ⱥ.Ʉ., ȼɚɧɢɧɚ Ʌ.Ȼ., Ʉɨɪɧɟɟɜɚ Ʌ.ȼ., Ⱥɜɞɟɟɜ ȼ.ɇ. // ɉɪɨɮɢɥɢ Ne(h) ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɜ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɟ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɟ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, Ƚɟɨɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɡɦ ɢ
ɚɷɪɨɧɨɦɢɹ, 1994. Ɍ.34. ʋ 2. C. 152-1551.
Tropical cyclone influence on the ionosphere and atmosphere as one
of the major parts of the climate processes
L.B. Vanina-Dart, E.A. Sharkov
Space Research Institute of RAS
The tropical cyclone’s influence on the atmosphere can be found tens of kilometers in a vertical
direction and thousands horizontally. It changes the structure of the neutral atmosphere and this alters the
electron concentration of the ionosphere. The tropical cyclone, it’s influence on climate processes, and an
indication of the associated dangers are the subject of this report.
Keywords: Lower equatorial lionosphere, tropical cyclone, solar activity climate processes.
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