The Reported Speech - My E

The Reported Speech
Upper –intermediate level
Direct Speech
“It is a nice day,” he
said.
He says to me, "I know
it."
Reported Speech
He said it was a nice
day.
He tells me that he
knows it.
! Если глагол, вводящий косвенную речь
(главное предложение), употреблен в
настоящем или будущем времени –
Present Simple, Present Perfect, Future
Simple, то глагол в косвенной речи
(придаточное предложение) остается в том
же времени, в каком он был в прямой речи
! Если глагол, вводящий косвенную речь
(главное предложение), употреблен в
одном из прошедших времен, то время
глагола прямой речи заменяется в
косвенной речи (придаточном
предложении) другим временем, согласно
правилу согласования времен.
Tenses in Reported Speech
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Past Simple
Present Perfect
Past Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Past Perfect, Past Simple
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
Would + inf.
Would be + verb-ing
Do not Change:
• Past Perfect
• Past Perfect Continuous
• Time clause (“I left when it was getting dark,”
he said.
He said (that) he left when it
was getting dark.
Modal Verbs:
Will
Can
Can
May
Shall
Shall
Must
Must
Needn’t
Needn’t
Would
Could (present)
Would be able to (future)
Might/could
Should (advice)
Would (ask for information)
Had to
Must (deduction)
Didn’t need to/didn’t have to (present)
Wouldn’t have to (future)
Do not Change:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Would
Could
Used to
Mustn’t
Should
Might
Ought to
Had better
Tenses do not change when:
• Вводный глагол в настоящем или
будущем времени
• Законы природы, постоянные
состояния
• Conditionals Types 2 and 3
• “Up-to-date” reporting
Time words:
This
Tonight
Today
Now
Now that
Yesterday
Last night
Tomorrow
Ago
That
That night
That day
Then, at the time, at once
Since
The day before
The previous night
The following day, the day
after
Before
Say/tell/speak/talk
• Say that/say./say to me
• Tell me
• Speak about
• Talk about
Expressions with say:
• Good morning/evening
• Something
• One’s prayers
• A few words
• So
• No more
• For certain
• For sure
etc
Expressions with tell:
• The truth
• A lie
• (sb) the time
• (sb) one’s name
• A secret
• The way
• One from another
• sb’s fortune
• sb so
• The differnce
etc
Expressions with ask:
• A favour
• The time
• A question
• The price
etc
Special Introductory Verbs:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Advise
Accuse
Admit
Apologise
Boast
Claim
Complain
Demand
Deny
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Encourage
Inform
Insist
Promise
Refuse
Remind
Threaten
Suggest
Warn
Special Introductory Verbs:
“I didn’t do it!” he said.
He denied doing/having done it.
“I am the cleverest the man !” he said.
He boasted that he was the cleverest man.
“Sorry, I didn’t call you!” she said.
She apologised for not calling.
Reported Statements:
“I appreciate your help,” he said to me.
He said (that ) he appreciated my help.
“He is working in the garden now,” I said.
I said (that) he was working in the garden then.
“I left ten minutes ago,” she said.
She said that she had left ten minutes before.
Reported Questions:
! В отличие от вопроса в прямой речи, где в
большинстве случаев существует обратный порядок
слов (кроме вопросов к подлежащему) - перед
подлежащим стоит сказуемое или его часть,
вопросы в косвенной речи имеют структуру
повествовательного предложения, т.е. прямой
порядок слов (подлежащее, за ним сказуемое).
! Знак вопроса в конце такого предложения
отсутствует.
! Вспомогательный глагол do/does/did не
употребляется.
Reported Questions:
“What are you doing?” he said.
He asked what we were doing.
“When did you come home yesterday?” he said.
He asked me when I had come home
the day before.
Reported Questions:
• Ask
• Wonder
• Inquire
• Want to know
Reported Questions:
! Общие вопросы заменяются придаточным
предложением, которое присоединяется к
главному при помощи союзов if и whether,
имеющих значение частицы ли. Запятая не
ставится.
Reported Questions:
“Do you know the answer?” he said.
He asked if/whether we knew the answer.
“Have you done the washing-up?” she said.
She said if/whether we had done the washingup.
Indirect Questions:
• Could you tell me…?
• Do you know…?
• Please tell me…
• I wonder if …
• Tell me…
• Have you any idea…?
• I want to know…
etc
Indirect Questions:
! Порядок слов – прямой!
What is he doing?
Do you know what he is doing?
Where have they been?
I wonder where they have been?
Have you seen my dog?
Could you tell me if you have seen my dog?
Reported commands/suggestions:
He said, "Stop the car.“
He told me to stop the car.
He said to me, "Don't go there.“
He told me not to go there.
“Let’s go shopping!” he said.
He suggested going shopping.
The End