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C2 *"$9 4+!")+2&")*29, #$;2*B39 @;&$$ * !%&$4+!*,$ 3 &2 "0$;&.9 )$++3)!+3'9 6242%&$$, 62"$#$&&.9 "#2*'&203 3 %+<-303 -+<44203 &2"$#$&3', %#3&&.9 1<+-2&!* )21!-! )342 * VD—G **. &$ *!6*!%3#3. L"!=$&&!")3 "!!+<;$&3' %#3&&.9 1<+-2&!* 3 +260$>$&3' * &39 4!-+$=$&35 +2""02)+3*2#3", * 2+9$!#!-3($"1!5 #3)$+2)<+$. E &2(2#< 1960-9 --. &203 =.#2 !4+$%$#$&2 4!"#$%!*2)$#,&!"), "!!+<;$&3' %#3&&.9 1<+-2&!*, 2 )21;$ 4+$%#!;$&2 1#2""3J312:3' 4!-+$=$&35. ! 92+21)$+< 4!-+$=$&35, 0$")< 3 4!"#$%!*2)$#,&!")3 39 +260$>$&3' * 1<+-2&&!5 &2".43 !&3 =.#3 4!%+26%$#$&. &2 2 )342 3 4 *2+32&)2 (D03%), 1963, ". 100—103). 7 1970-9 --. 7. 7. K$%!* %#' *"$9 %#3&&.9 1<+-2&!* "$*$+&!5 4!#!*3&. 7!")!(&!5 8*+!4. 4+$%#!;3# &!*<@ 1#2""3J312:3@. 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VD, +3". 17, 18); K#!=!%2-V#<B3:2 (D03%), 1954, ". 149. +3". 68: 8); A2!6$+,$ (D03%), 1963, ". 62. +3". 10: 1, 2); O12)!*! (D03%), 19632. ". 62, +3". 13: 11—13); E<4&313 (D03%), 2005, ". 27, 3##. 7: 11, 12); E!#!%&' (D03%), 2005, ". 105, 3##. 14: 3 3 18: 6). 73"!(&.$ 1!#,:2 1--! )342 B3+!1! +2"4+!")+2&$&. &2 *"$5 )$++3)!+33 EK?E, 4+3 /)!0 )!#,1! * 4+$%$#29 K0!#$&"1!5 !=#2")3 !&3 *")+$($&. * 26 4!-+$=$&3'9. C25%$&. !&3 * %#3&&.9 1<+-2&29 4!#!:1!-*3)$="1!-! )$($&3' A24. ?*3&. (N'Z%2&"1i, 1930, ". 194, )2=. VI, +3". 36—39) 3 &2 )$++3)!+33 7!")!(&!5 N3)*. 3 N2)*33 ( !1+!*"135, 1895, ". 183, +3". 56; 8&<1!*, 1992, ". 53), -%$ !&3 *")+$(2@)"' *0$")$ " -!&(2+&!5 -#3&'&!5 4!"<%!5 %2;$ * GI *. 2. 73"!(&.$ 1!#,:2, < 1!)!+.9 !%3& 1!&$: 4#!"135 "$+4!!=+26&.5, 30$@>35 &$"1!#,1! 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(S?N, ". 365, +3". 408, 409; LAA, ". 148, 12+)2 56). 8>$ =!#$$ B3+!1! !&3 =.#3 +2"4+!")+2&$&. * N2)-2#33 (C<1B3&"135 0!-3#,&31, )2=. VI, +3". 2, 8, 11, 16; N@:3&"135 0!-3#,&31, ". 40, +3". 26 3 )2=. , +3". 3). 7 /)39 =2#)"139 %+$*&!")'9 $"), )!(&.$ 2&2#!-33 &$ )!#,1! 4! J!+0$, &! 3 4! 92+21)$+< !+&20$&)2:33. T$#31!0 "!9+2&3*B35"' =+!&6!*.5 =+2"#$) 3&!5 J!+0. (+3". 1: 20) &25%$& * 4!-+$=$&33 I 1 1<+-2&2 I 2 < %. T<+1!*12 (D03%), 1958, +3". 3: 15). K$+$%3&2 =+2"#$)2 4+$%")2*#'$) "!=!5 <61<@ 4#2")3&<, 1!)!+2' 1 1!&:20 +2"B3+'$)"' 3 "!-&<)2 1!&<"!!=+26&!. C2 4!#.9 1!&<"!*3%&.9 1!&:29 4! &2+<;&!5 (2")3 &2&$"$& !+&20$&) * *3%$ #!;&!5 6$+&3 (*.4<1#3&. *.=3). " *&<)+$&&$5 ")!+!&.). M+2"#$). 4!%!=&.$ 4! J!+0$, &! " 3&!5 !+&20$&)2:3$5, 36*$")&. 36 1#2%!* * K+$%&$0 !%&$4+!*,$ 3 * +25!&$ E3$*2, -%$ !&3 =.#3 62+.). * &2(2#$ SD *$12 (E!+6<93&2, 1955, ". 75 3 77, +3". 4, 5, 6). O&2#!-3(&.$ =+2"#$). =.#3 +2"4+!")+2&$&. &2 )$++3)!+33 N3)*. * VD—G **. 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I 14. ?+$*&!")3 "$*$+!-6242%&!-! 1+2' F. 1. 7.4. 2. K =. 1893. 2STUQ%&'i +. /., 1930. O+9$!#X-i(&.' %!",#$%. < !#2:125 21+<6$ // +2:. 2+9$!#X-i(&25 120i"ii. F. ]]. [&. K. 157—198. /$V$U"D 8. ., 2000. L *+$0$&3 *!6&31&!*$&3' 1<#,)<+. "0!#$&"139 %#3&&.9 1<+-2&!* \\ O+9$!#!-3' 3 3")!+3' "1!*2 3 "1!*"1!5 6$0#3. [2)$+32#. &2<(&!-! "$03&2+2 1996—1999. "1!*. K. 191—199. C<1B3&"135 0!-3#,&31 // [2)$+32#. 3 3""#$%!*2&3' 4! 2+9$!#!-33 N2)*35"1!5 KKU. U3-2, 1957. !*$"), *+$0$&&.9 #$). !% +$%. 7. . O%+32&!*!5$+$):. [.-N.,1950 ("!1+. 7N). B"'N"D&'CI R. 8., 1985. E<+-2&. &2 -+2&3:$ "!*+$0$&&!5 N3)*. 3 M$#!+<""33 // F+<%. 1G 2+9$!#!-3($"1!-! "Q$6%2 * 73#,&$. 1983. F. 1. [. $U"D 8. 8., 1960. E+3*3(3 // KO. 1960. I 1. K. 47—62. $U"D 8. 8., 1970. K#2*'&$ 7$+9&$-! !%&$4+!*,' 3 !%*3&,'. [. $U"D 8. 8., 1974. ?#3&&.$ 1<+-2&. 1+3*3($5. [. $U"D 8. 8., 1982. 7!")!(&.$ "#2*'&$ * S1—GD **. [. $U"D 8. 8., 1995. K#2*'&$ * +2&&$0 "+$%&$*$1!*,$. [. 120 () *+,-./+-+,01+2+()./- 345,/)6 7 22 GCWE% +. +., 1906. L)($) ! +2"1!4129, 4+!36*$%$&&.9 * 1905 -!%< R. K. O=+20!*.0 * K0!#$&"1!5 -<=$+&33 // A243"13 !)%. +<""1!5 3 "#2*'&"1!5 2+9$!#!-33 U<""1!-! 2+9$!#!-3($"1!-! !=>$")*2. F. VD. 7.4. I. K =. K. 206, +3". 36. *N$FXS'"D B. /., 1970. S 3")!1!* %+$*&$+<""1!5 &2+!%&!")3. N. S1+2B$&3' %+$*&39 #3)!*:$* ("!1+. S?N). E&3-2 I. 73#,&@", 1958. RC#C% R. B., 1962. L=+26!*2&3$ '6.12 *!")!(&.9 "#2*'&. [.-N. .$N%SMC% /. /., 1941. ?#3&&.$ 1<+-2&. 3 "!413 \\ [RO. I 6. ;!CUF 1. +., 1954. U2"1!413 %#3&&.9 1<+-2&!* * K0!#$&"1!5 !=#2")3 // EKRR[E, *.4. 54. K. 147—152. ;!CUF 1. +., 1958. ?#3&&.$ 1<+-2&. < %$+. T<+1!*12 * K0!#$&"1!0 +25!&$ \\ KO. I 3. K. 162—169. ;!CUF 1. +., 1963. O+9$!#!-3($"13$ 420')&313 *)!+!5 4!#!*3&. 1--! )."'($#$)3' &. /. &2 )$++3)!+33 K0!#$&"1!5 !=#2")3 \\ [RKL. K. 85—128. ;!CUF 1. +., 1963Q. C$1!)!+.$ 2+9$!#!-3($"13$ 420')&313 K0!#$&>3&. *)!+!5 4!#!*3&. 1 ).". &. /. // [RO. I 108. K#2*'&$ &212&<&$ !=+26!*2&3' E3$*"1!5 U<"3. [. K. 51—67. ;!CUF 1. +., 1963O. ?#3&&.$ 1<+-2&. < %. K#!=!%2V#<B3:2 // F+$),'1!* . C., D03%) 8. O. ?+$*&3$ -!+!%3>2 K0!#$&>3&.. [.- N. 1963=. K. 177—192. ;!CUF 1. +., 1970. E *!4+!"< != /)&3($"1!5 4+3&2%#$;&!")3 ;$&"1!-! 3&*$&)2+' 36 "0!#$&"139 %#3&&.9 1<+-2&!* // [RKL. 7.4. V . K. 219—235. ;!CUF 1. +., 1982. ?+$*&$+<""13$ 2+9$!#!-3($"13$ 420')&313 K0!#$&"1!5 !=#2")3. Y. I. [. K. 98—103. ;!CUF 1. +., 2005. K0!#$&"13$ %+$*&!")3. 7.4. IV. E<+-2&&.$ 0!-3#,&313 SD—G *$1!* :$&)+2#,&!5 (2")3 K0!#$&"1!-! !%&$4+!*,'. K0!#$&"1. ;FELQT (. 8., 1992. E+.*i(.. [&. Lietuvos TSR archologijos atlasas. IV. Vilnius, 1978 ("!1+.LOO). Lietuvos archeologijos bruozai. Vilnius, 1961 ( "!1+. LAB). Eugene Shmidt THE PECULIARITIES OF ETHNO-CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRIBES OF SMOLENSK DNIEPER REGION AND BORDERING TERRITORIES IN VIII—X AD Summary On the turn of VII and VIII centuries the Tushemlia culture ceases to exist. Part of this culture’s population went to the North and merged into the environment of Pskov Long Barrows culture, where the local group of early long barrows was formed. By the middle VIII century tribes with mature Smolensk Long Barrows culture (SLBC) settle in Dnieper and Dzvina regions and assimilate the rest of Tushemlia population. SLBC is characterized by special funeral rites, whose major element is cremation usually carried out outside the barrow, and by a peculiar way of burials’ allocation in the barrow. The burial inventory in SLBC burials is quite distinctive. The most informative is female burials’ goods of VIII — IX centuries comprising metal jewelry. The head covering included head bands either of stripe-type consisting of bronze spirals and segregating plates (fig. 1: 1, 2, 5) or plait-type — made only of spirals (fig. 1: 4). Pendants were hung on head bands (fig. 1: 6 — 9, 21). Besides, head coverings comprised flat bronze hair-rings of two types (fig. 1: 10 — 12). Neck and chest were decorated with neck-rings with crutch- and saddle-shaped ends (fig. 1:14 — 16) and a necklace made of yellow and blue glass beads of different types (fig. 1: 13) or a necklace made of the same kind of beads and bronze spirals (fig. 1: 3, 13). Horseshoe-fibulas were used to fasten clothes (fig. 1: 17, 18). On their hands women bore spiral bronze bracelets wrapped around several times (their fragments — see fig. 1: 19) or bracelets with hollow tubular ends (fig. 1: 20). Such a jewelry set has complete analogies in the Balts’ antiquities (the Latgallians and other groups of Lithuanian and Latvian tribes), but it is not at all characteristic of Slavic antiquities of VIII — IX centuries. SLBC correlates with the chronicle Kryviches, but there are no grounds by which one could attribute them to the Slavs of VIII — IX centuries by the character of material culture. In the period of Slavs’ settling in the Dnieper region and formation of the state of Ancient Rus the chronicles do not present the Kryviches as a tribe speaking Slavic languages. Evidently, in VIII — IX the Kryviches — the bearers of SLBC — had their own language, different from the Polyans’, Severians’, Drevlians’ and other Slav’s languages. After inclusion of the Kryviches into Ancient Rus state, a rapid process of their slavonization took place. By XII century their culture had changed and they became part of Ancient Russian people. The character of the Kryviches’ ethno-cultural development is proved by toponymy and linguistic studies.